We report the case of a 32-month-old female patient presenting with cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma with epileptic seizures, psychomotor delay, and severe language delay. Usually, the typical onset of cerebellar tumor is characterized by raised intracranial pressure and cerebellar incoordination. A review of the few cases reported in the literature evidencing ...

Distinguishing epilepsy from syncope often can be challenging. We report a case of a 20-year-old patient with presumed refractory epilepsy since the age of 3 years. Although the clinical suspicion of syncope was raised at the age of 9 years, key historic features were not identified, cardiac work-up was not ...

The presence of subependymal nodular heterotopia and cortical dysgenesis has been infrequently reported in patients with encephalocele. The majority of these patients were found to have posterior encephaloceles. We report a case of a Hispanic female with a frontoethmoidal encephalocele who developed epilepsy at 15 years of age. Magnetic resonance ...

The MURCS association is a rare, nonrandom association of müllerian duct aplasia, renal aplasia and cervicothoracic somite dysplasia. The etiology is unknown. Although it is usually a sporadic disorder, familial cases with uterovaginal anomalies have been reported. Occasionally, it may be accompanied by abnormalities involving various other organs or systems. ...

Autoscopy is an experience of seeing oneself in external space, viewed from within one's own physical body. It is a complex psycho-sensorial hallucinatory perception of one's own body image projected into external visual space, with epilepsy one of the common disorders reported to be associated with the experience. A survey ...

Krabbe disease is a rare, recessively inherited degenerative disorder of myelin, caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme galactocerebroside beta-galactosidase. Ninety-five percent of cases begin in early infancy, typically presenting with irritability, hypertonicity, tonic spasms, visual loss with optic atrophy, and occasionally seizures. In 5% of cases, symptoms begin ...

We report the case of a male aged 2 years 6 months with left temporal lobe epilepsy who presented with ictal bradycardia syndrome leading to asystole. The clinical presentation was remarkable for the occurrence of clustering syncope. A seizure was recorded on a video electroencephalogram- electrocardiogram and analyzed. A cardiac ...

Hypoparathyroidism occurs due to insufficient production of parathyroid hormone to maintain extracellular calcium levels within the normal range. The acute clinical symptoms and signs of hypoparathyroidism are those of hypocalcaemia, ranging from tingling and numbness of limb extremities to intractable seizures. Often seizures are mistaken for epilepsy. Though hypoparathyroidism is ...

White matter lesions (WML) and epilepsy have been occasionally seen in Wilson's disease. No cases of generalized myoclonus have been reported so far. We present a patient with psychiatric symptoms starting at age 16, followed by tremor, generalized dystonia and severe generalized myoclonus. In addition to classical findings, the MRI ...

The prevalence and clinical characteristics of mesial temporal sclerosis have not been well studied in children. All brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports of children less than 14 years of age were reviewed from two tertiary institutions. A 52-month period from one institution and a 37-month period from the other ...

The coexistence of absence and rolandic epilepsy is extremely rare. This coexistence has been attributed to either the treatment or an atypical course of the disease. However, for some authors, this issue remains controversial. We report the case of a 9-year-old girl presenting with both absence seizures and focal seizures ...

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that there exists a close relationship between seizure discharges and functional recovery from brain injury, and that paroxysmal bombardment in late seizures may herald functional recovery or may "kick-start" recovery. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 52-year-old patient who, following a subarachnoid hemorrhage ...

AIM: To assess whether or not the parameters of fixed and randomized saccadic movements, of pendular tracking and of optokinetic nystagmus in the digital vectonystagmography may show abnormalities in patients with possible diagnosis of peripheral vestibular dysfunction. METHOD: 60 patients with dizziness of peripheral vestibular origin, from 12 to 82 ...

Postictal psychosis is a state of psychosis following repeated or prolonged complex partial seizures with or without secondary generalization and is well described in adult epilepsy literature. It is sparsely reported in the pediatric literature. This report describes a 12-year-old male presenting with status epilepticus who developed psychotic symptoms. Diagnosis ...

OBJECTIVE: This case report describes convulsions and hemiparesis after retrobulbar injection with good outcome in a patient undergoing outpatient cryocoagulation of his right eye. CASE REPORT: We report a young man in which localized convulsions of the ipsilateral face occurred 9 minutes after retrobulbar injection followed shortly by convulsions of ...

OBJECTIVE: The case report suggests the indispensability of preoperative accurate psychiatric checkups especially in temporal resections. METHOD: A single case was reported. RESULTS: We report the case of a 20-year-old woman suffering for 12 years from primary generalized epilepsy, attributed to left-sided hippocampal sclerosis. Because seizures were resistant to drug ...

Epileptic nystagmus (EN) is characterized by repetitive eye movements as a symptom of seizure activity. Two cases of EN are reported including ictal EEG, video recordings and MRI. In addition, we review the published cases and pathophysiological background of EN. The cardinal cortical region for EN is located at the ...

PURPOSE: Some enigmatic remarks and behaviors of Socrates have been a subject of debate among scholars. We investigated the possibility of underlying epilepsy in Socrates by analyzing pathographic evidence in ancient literature from the viewpoint of the current understanding of seizure semiology. METHODS: We performed a case study from a ...

Interhemispheric time difference (ITD) measured by electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) was compared to seizure outcome after callosotomy. Two patients with frequent drop attacks underwent simultaneous EEG and MEG before and after total callosotomy. ITDs in 30 bilateral synchronized (BS) discharges were calculated independently by EEG and MEG. As minimum ...

Cases with a clinical and electroencephalographic phenotype of benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) in association with a proven organic brain lesion have rarely been reported. To our knowledge, we herein describe for the first time a patient with Wilson's disease who subsequently manifested BECTS. Our case bolsters ...

Post-anoxic myoclonus is a rare movement disorder manifested by diffuse action-triggered jerking movements that may result in significant disability. The incidence of this disorder is not clearly established, but over 122 cases have so far been reported in the literature. The pathogenesis is not entirely known, although it has been ...

We report the case of 36-year-old woman who had suffered from focal-unilateral right febrile grand mal since she was 9 months old as a result of neonatal asphyxia. Over the years, a modification of the clinical picture occurred and eventually the patient suffered from paranoid delusions that impaired her ability ...

PURPOSE: To describe the semiological features of auditory aura and to assess their possible lateralizing value in partial epilepsy. METHODS: Out of a series of 8,000 patients with epilepsy, we investigated 121 cases with partial seizures in whom auditory features were the first ictal symptom. According to the dominant type ...

Introduction: Toxocarosis is a consequence of human infection by Toxocara canis larvae. There are symptomatic (visceral, ocular) and asymptomatic courses of toxocarosis. The cerebral form is very rare. Case report: We present a seven-year-old patient who developed a cerebral form of toxocarosis. She demonstrated focal neurological symptoms (epilepsy) confirmed by ...

PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence of epilepsy in a rural district of Lao PDR and to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of the disease. METHODS: Door-to-door screening was performed on the entire population of 8 randomly selected villages in the Hinheub district, using an internationally validated and standardized questionnaire. ...

Ephedra containing products (ECPs), which most often contain additional sources of caffeine alkaloids, may be an under-recognized cause of hypertension. ECPs, especially when used in combination or at higher than recommended doses, can cause life-threatening cardiovascular and neurological complications. We present a case of hypertensive encephalopathy with new onset generalized ...

Presented is the case of a child with epilepsy with dramatic evolution between the ages of 18 months and 3 years. Initially, the case is one of treatment-responsive focal epilepsy, but then evolves to treatment-resistant focal epilepsy with an epileptic encephalopathy. The case demonstrates the poorly understood entities of age-related ...

To report a case of temporal lobe epilepsy with clinical presentation of paroxysmal episodes of "tightness" over the right hemiface, and ictal crying, and review electroclinical localisation of this phenomenon. Clinical semiology, neurophysiological localising tests, and epilepsy surgery outcome are reported in a subject presenting with paroxysmal right hemifacial movements ...

We describe a 70-year-old woman with a 2-month history of a numb chin and gradually increasing bilateral headache and malaise. Neurological examination disclosed chin hypoesthesia while investigations showed a normocytic anemia, ESR of 100, and CRP of 72. A CT brain scan, chest X-ray, and bone scan showed no evidence ...

The goal of this article is to review the idiosyncratic aspects of the epilepsy of Fyodor Dostoevsky, one of the greatest writers of all time. The onset of his seizures is controversial, with some evidence pointing to his childhood and other reports that would place the onset in his teens ...

BACKGROUND: Pyridoxine dependent epilepsy is a rare cause of seizures in childhood. The diagnosis is made on clinical criteria, that in many cases are never met. Therefore, epidemiological data on pyridoxine dependency are scarce. AIMS: To study the epidemiology of pyridoxine dependent epilepsy in the Netherlands, and to determine whether ...

Early reports cautioned against the combination of lithium and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), citing risk of excessive cognitive disturbance, prolonged apnea, and spontaneous seizures. However, recent case series with larger numbers of patients indicate that the combination may be used safely and with optimal efficacy in certain clinical circumstances. In this ...

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a progressive disorder which also presents with various types of seizures, mainly myoclonic jerks, atonic attacks and tonic-clonic seizures. We report two cases, documented by video-EEG that during the course of the disease also presented with tonic seizures. The differential diagnosis of non-epileptic paroxysmal events might ...

BACKGROUND: Failure to recognise diagnostic uncertainty between the epilepsies and non-epileptic events may be a factor in high rates of misdiagnosis. AIMS: To explore the results of acknowledging diagnostic uncertainty in a cohort of children presenting with paroxysmal events. METHODS: Children (29 days-16th birthday) with new presentations of paroxysmal disorders ...

Sphincteric incontinence of stool and urine are not unusual features of generalised epileptic seizures. Isolated secondary encopresis as a manifestation of an epileptic seizure is unusual. This report is of, a four year old boy, with daytime secondary non-retentive encopresis. The onset of encopresis was preceded by several episodes of ...

We presented a rare case of tetanic crisis in a 23-year old mentally retarded woman with epilepsy after treatment by oxcarbazepine, the new anticonvulsant agent. We reviewed laboratory, radiographic and medical examinations and recommend a proper treatment in such cases. The laboratory tests revealed only severe hypocalcemia. We described the ...

Epileptic auras have been recognized in the literature since antiquity.Olfactory epileptic auras are very rare, constituting about 0.9% of allauras, and are typically described as unpleasant experiences. Mostpatients specifically likened it to a familiar smell such as that ofburning, sulphur, alcohol, gas, barbecue, peanut butter, ortoothpaste. Gustatory auras might have ...

BACKGROUND: Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) is a form of chronic encephalitis presenting with intractable seizures and progressive neurological deficits in children. The occurrence of anaplastic ependymoma in a diagnosed case of RE has not been reported in the literature. CASE REPORT: We report an eight and a half year-old boy, a ...

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) gains more and more acknowledgment across the various interdisciplinary fields. Accordingly, we performed in a prospective setting a case-control study of all SUDEP cases in a well-defined part of Denmark (Northern Jutland), between January 1998 and September 2000. We attempted to look into the ...

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder; however, in Nigeria and other tropical regions, the causes of epileptic seizures differ greatly in etiology. This paper is an attempt to highlight some possible microbiological aspects of epileptic seizures. A literature review was carried out to identify the extent to which microbial infections ...

Topiramate is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant that is now widely used for adult and pediatric epilepsy. In a singular case, topiramate was recently reported to benefit vascular hemichorea-hemiballismus. The authors describe three cases of hemichorea-hemiballismus, one of vascular etiology and two of metabolic etiology, effectively treated with topiramate.

We report on seven children who developed abnormal involuntary movements as early as 1.5 years after unremarkable term births. The paroxysmal episodes of abnormal movements were typically precipitated by sudden, voluntary movements, or a startle. The clinical features in each case were consistent with the diagnosis of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia ...

A 40-year-old male presented with a single generalized tonic-clonic seizure. MRI revealed an enhancing, dural-based, left lateral sphenoid wing lesion suggestive of a meningioma. At microsurgical excision, the lesion was firm and relatively avascular. The histopathological report revealed S-100 positive histiocytic proliferation with lymphophagocytosis (emperipolesis) characteristic of the Rosai-Dorfman disease. ...

Oral sodium phosphate and sodium picosulfates/magnesium citrate are commonly used to evacuate the colon and rectum before colonoscopy or colorectal surgery. These substances, however, are known to cause electrolyte abnormalities. Seizures caused by electrolyte abnormalities associated with bowel preparation have only rarely been reported. We report the cases of three ...

Turner syndrome (TS) is the most frequent sex abnormality in females, generally associated with a 45,X0 karyotype. Although neurological complications are frequently part of the clinical picture, serious brain abnormalities are quite rare in TS. Epilepsy in TS is not frequent and so far only few cases have been reported, ...

Bipolar disorders as well as recurrent major depressive episodes can be most effectively treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Since continuation/maintenance ECT is not well established, prophylactic therapy in recurrent illnesses is more commonly carried out using antidepressive medication alone or more often in combination with lithium. In case of relapse ...

BACKGROUND: Seizures in persons using dietary supplements (DS) have been reported through the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch system, but not formally reviewed. METHODS: Sixty-five cases of DS-associated seizures reported to MedWatch from 1993 to 1999 were obtained through the Freedom of Information Act and independently evaluated by three ...

Via a detailed case study of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, we show that a method of determining the direction of information flow among signals is able to provide focal localization via the simultaneous analysis of multiple EEG channels. This determination is accomplished by representing information flow direction via directed graphs, ...

The authors report the unusual clinical and neurophysiologic features of a sporadic case of a boy carrying an 806delG mutation on the MECP2 gene. A 28-month-old boy was examined for severe developmental delay, seizures, microcephaly, breathing dysfunction, and spontaneous and evoked myoclonic jerks of upper limbs. Neurophysiologic study proved the ...

BACKGROUND: Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) is caused by a micro deletion of chromosome 22q11 and associated with multiple system abnormalities. There is an increasing recognition of associations with psychiatric disorders. Neurological and brain abnormalities have been reported but to date no association with generalized epilepsy has been reported in literature. METHODS: ...