We reported the case of a 13-year-old anorectic girl with epileptic seizures who showed marked favorable responses to sodium valproate and clonazepam. These two anticonvulsants were effective not only for controlling her epileptic seizures, but also against anorexia nervosa itself. The mechanism of their action to anorexia nervosa is unknown, ...

In a 14-year follow-up the improvement of language functions and the decrease of EEG abnormalities are described in a girl with the Landau-Kleffner syndrome. In this case, the results of subsequent EEG recordings do not permit conclusions about the course of the aphasia. Disappearance of focal spike and waves, bilateral ...

Between February 1986 to November 1986, 335 cases of febrile convulsion were admitted to the paediatric ward, Tan Tock Seng Hospital. The study revealed 87 cases (26%) were complex febrile convulsion and 73 cases (21.8%) were recurrent febrile convulsion. 51 patients with complex febrile convulsion and 32 patients with recurrent ...

After reviewing the data of the literature, the authors report their personal series composed of twelve cases. In evaluating the results of surgical treatment only the first ten patients are taken into account. As previously stressed in the literature, callosotomy (total in two cases and anterior in the remainder) has ...

The authors report a sporadic case of Lafora's disease, unusual for the comparatively late age at onset and atypical evolution. Discrete visual phenomena that may be considered as partial seizures occurred at age 19 years. A generalized tonic-clonic seizure occurred at 20 years of age and myoclonus became apparent a ...

We treated a case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) with interferon and observed electroencephalographic (EEG) changes and the clinical condition during the treatment period. EEG studies were carried out more than 30 times over the period of 1 year. It was observed that, especially after the first intravenous injection of ...

Acute confusional state (ACS) relates to a sudden alteration of the mental status. The impairment may be global or confined to a specific faculty of higher cortical function. Such specificity does not depend on the nature of the pathological process, but rather on the anatomical location of the area of ...

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus may be subdivided into generalized (absence) status and complex partial status. The latter is generally considered as a rare condition, whereas the former is fairly common to have been reported in many articles. We have reported here a case of complex partial status epilepticus in which the ...

A 29-year-old single woman had recurrent stroke-like episodes. She developed loss of consciousness, myoclonic seizures, and lactic acidosis. She died at the age of 30. A muscle biopsy study revealed mitochondrial myopathy, and the postmortem biochemical analysis demonstrated decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity in the skeletal muscles by 20% of ...

This case report presents the resuscitation of a 6 1/2-month-old child with elevated intracranial pressure, seizure activity, and a presumptive diagnosis of shaken child syndrome. It is unique in the usage of an intraosseous infusion line for the administration of muscle relaxants and anesthetic agents to aid in an atraumatic ...

Three cases of complex partial status which were diagnosed as psychotic episodes are presented. The scans of two of these cases show structural abnormalities in the left temporal lobe. It is proposed that there are similar neurophysiological mechanisms in primary schizophrenia and in the perceptual, affective and cognitive phenomena apparent ...

Several anecdotal reports and two retrospective chart reviews have examined complications of concurrent lithium and electroconvulsive treatment. Discussions have generally been contradictory or confusing. This article reviews the literature and particularly emphasizes theoretical considerations and mechanisms, concluding (A) that lithium may act synergistically with neuromuscular blockers, but the effect is ...

Several days after a right temporal lobectomy for an astrocytoma, a patient experienced a paroxysmal feeling that somebody was nearby. This spontaneous phenomenon has only rarely been reported in the epilepsy literature but has been reported to be evoked by electrical stimulation of the right amygdala. Despite the rarity in ...

The rural population of 63,645 living in the mountainous Kuthar Valley of South Kashmir, Northwest India was surveyed to determine the prevalence of major neurologic disorders, including epilepsy (called Lath/Mirgi/Laran in the local language). The survey was done according to a World Health Organization protocol (1981). House-to-house screening was done ...

The distribution of seizure types was investigated in an epidemiological survey of 1,220 patients over 15 years of age. Classification of clinically dominant seizure type according to the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures (ICES) was possible in 1,005 cases (82.5%). Fifty-six percent of patients had partial seizures and 26.5% had ...

A review is given of the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with special reference to the situation during and after epileptic seizures including electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Based on the literature describing different models of epilepsy the development of the theories concerning the early observations of a BBB ...

Reports of epileptic seizures evoked by eating are very scarce in the literature. A review of the reported cases suggests that various mechanisms may act as triggering factors in this form of reflex epilepsy. We studied a 17-year-old boy in whom the seizures precipitated by eating had been prevented by ...

Two cases of absence status are described, one case following metrizamide myelography and the other from omnipaque myelography. Metrizamide has been well known to cause convulsive seizures even in patients without epilepsy. The exact mechanism is not known but appears to be direct neuronal toxic effects possibly due to competitive ...

Thirty-six children with epilepsy resistant to conventional treatment were treated with bromides in addition to the current therapy. Six out of 19 cases with prevailingly or exclusively generalized tonic-clonic seizures became seizure-free and in 9 cases a reduction in seizure frequency of more than 50% was achieved. Freedom from seizures ...

We report here a case of juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy. The patient is an 8-year-old boy with motor and mental deterioration, which began at about age 3. He has also suffered from astatic seizures since age 8. Arylsulfatase A activity in the patient was markedly decreased in peripheral leukocytes, cultured fibroblasts ...

This uncommon paroxysmal movement disorder featuring attacks of dystonic spasm with athetoid posturing is usually of idiopathic nature, often familial and starting in childhood. There are a few reported examples due to cerebral pathology, and only four previous cases due to brain trauma. We report here a 21 year old ...

A curious case is reported in which the patient, a young woman, exhibited convulsive seizures when approaching closely to a television. The visual and acoustic stimulation did not change her EEG, whereas simultaneous stimulation with both the modalities induced bilateral and symmetrical high-voltage spikes (with their diffusion) that led to ...

Among 158 cases of organic dementia in a prospective study concerning both psychiatry and regional cerebral blood flow there were 26 cases with a mainly frontal or fronto-temporal dementia. Careful neuropathological investigation disclosed 20 cases of a mainly frontal or fronto-temporal grey matter degeneration, in four of them compatible with ...

A case of episodic delirium with incapacitating myoclonus associated with therapeutic doses of phenelzine is described. No evidence of epilepsy was found. The delirium and the myoclonus remitted rapidly after phenelzine was stopped and treatment with a benzodiazepine was started. No previous reports of the association of phenelzine with myoclonus ...

A single case of one-to-one correspondence between eyelid flutter and EEG alpha rhythm is reported. It arose during a battery of experiments into possible personality correlates of eyelid conditioning, EEG evoked potential and skin potential habituation, involving over 400 subjects. The reported phenomenon lasted for one burst of 24 sec. ...

Computed tomography scanning in two young patients with recurrent, pulsating, migraine-like headache showed parieto-occipital calcifications. One patient presented with an atypical form of the Sturge-Weber syndrome, and the other with celiac disease and folic acid deficiency. The clinical features were analyzed and compared with those in other cases reported in ...

Four cases of convulsive seizures occurring during treatment with nomifensine have been notified to the Committee on the Safety of Medicines of the United Kingdom, and 22 cases have been reported from other countries. The occurrence of convulsions is not in keeping with the results of animal experiments, studies of ...

This is a report of a 21-year-old woman with reading epilepsy. Clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) observations are presented while the patient read a news magazine in Spanish, read a magazine in English, read an announcement repetitively, viewed comic strips without legends, made a mathematical calculation. Only reading in Spanish produced ...

Blindness developed in a 22-year-old woman five days postpartum. She developed recurrent generalized tonic-clonic seizures despite early institution of intravenous magnesium sulphate. After a loading dose of phenytoin was given, the seizures stopped and the blindness gradually resolved. A review of the literature pertaining to blindness and eclampsia is presented ...

Thirty-seven cases that showed bilateral basal ganglia calcification (BGC) were found in 5987 patients. These cases (0.6%) were studied in relation to their CT findings, underlying diseases and epilepsy. CT findings of BGC were divided into "localized" type (33 cases) and "diffuse" type (4 cases). The number of patients with ...

In this paper four Dutch cases of early infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) are described, all being boys. NCL is a group of diseases morphologically characterized by accumulation of autofluorescent ceroid lipofuscin-like pigment. Psychomotor deterioration, impairment of vision, and epileptic manifestations are the major clinical features. Onset in early infantile ...

Twelve cases have been reported in the literature to have developed acute, largely reversible, global amnesic syndromes some hours after ingesting substantial doses of clioquinol. Two of these cases presented again after asymptomatic intervals of some 12 years. Both had recently developed typical clinical and electroencephalographic evidence of partial epilepsy ...

Two patients are described in whom an obsessive-compulsive disorder began just after the onset of epilepsy. Neurological factors in OCD are then reviewed, and clinical reports of patients with OCD and co-existing brain pathology, EEG abnormalities, CT scan changes and electrical stimulation of the brain discussed. It is concluded that ...

To compare the relative central nervous system and cardiac toxicity of amoxapine, maprotiline, and trazodone with the older tricyclic antidepressants, a three-year (1981 through 1983) retrospective review was performed on 1,313 cases involving cyclic antidepressant exposures reported to the Maryland Poison Center. Seizures were more common in the amoxapine (24.5%) ...

Three cases of seizures and marked behavioral changes that occurred after intrathecal metrizamide administration are reported. In each case a cranial computed tomographic scan obtained within 24 hours of the ictus showed hyperdensity of the gray matter, and created an optical illusion of diffuse white matter edema. The literature on ...

Thirteen cases of cerebral cavernous angiomas are reported, and their radiological and pathological features are reviewed. The clinical presentation was variable: 53.8% of patients had seizures, 30.8% intracerebral hemorrhage, and 15.4% focal neurological signs, including one unusual case that presented as a cerebellopontine angle tumor. The computerized tomography (CT) scans ...

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus may be subdivided into generalized (absence) status and complex partial status. The latter is regarded as a rarity, whereas the former constitutes the dominant part of the hitherto reported cases. We report 10 consecutive cases of adult patients with nonconvulsive status epilepticus, all documented by ictal electroencephalographic ...

Some photosensitive epileptic patients show absence attacks preceded by a "seeking of a source of light" and stereotyped movements of various kinds. The common explanation is an attempt to self-induce seizures. The case reported is of a young girl who had not shown evidence of photosensitivity for many years. Alternative ...

A case of acute intermittent porphyria in a 10-year-old boy with seizures and hypercholesterolemia is presented. The problems of management when seizures and porphyria coincide and discussion of hypercholesterolemia are included. A comprehensive review of the world literature reveals that prepubertal patients with acute intermittent porphyria are predominantly male and ...

A possible relationship between epilepsy and violence has been debated for over a century. The debate has taken on new importance because of the increasing use of the "epilepsy defense" in criminal cases. In this review the following issues are addressed: (1) Is epilepsy more common among violent criminals and ...

Rett syndrome (RS) is a condition apparently limited to females characterized by normal early development followed by the abrupt loss of acquired function and beginning autistic behavior in late infancy. Manifestations in RS include decelerating head growth, unusual "hand-writing" movements, gait apraxia, neuromuscular tone disturbance, and seizures. No biochemical, hematologic, ...

Previous reports have described neonatal myoclonus as a benign movement in healthy premature newborns or as a clinical seizure in neonates with severe encephalopathies. The present report describes electroencephalographic-myoclonic correlations which occur independently from sustained electrical discharges in ten neonates. Cortical, reticular, and segmental types of neonatal myoclonus, similar to ...

In six cases of reflex epilepsy, the seizures were triggered by reading or elaborating a verbal utterance, and were accompanied on EEG by focal or generalized epileptiform activity. The seizures were controlled with clonazepam in four cases and by sodium valproate in two cases. We speculate that the disturbance has ...

A patient is presented in whom both linear scleroderma and eosinophilic fasciitis developed. The latter is rare in childhood. A positive antinuclear antibody, a positive rheumatoid factor, and seizures also developed. In reviewing the literature, we concluded that the clinical and histologic pattern of cutaneous sclerosis may be more valuable ...

A case of pyridoxine-dependent seizures is reported. Administration of pyridoxine to an infant after a long period of convulsions was followed by acute hypotonia. Other cases have been reported in the literature, in one of which assisted ventilation was required. A possible mechanism for this alarming outcome is discussed, and ...

Authors report a case of growing skull fracture, unusual complication of linear skull fracture in infancy and childhood. A review of 132 cases reported in literature is done with an analysis of general characteristics of this lesion. The most common localization is parietal (50%); clinical presentation is represented by development ...

Nine cases among 1000 adults referred to our EEG Laboratory were found to have epileptiform discharges at the C-Z area, predominantly in the awake state. These were in the form of isolated spike and wave complexes in five cases (0.5%), and Mu-like rhythms in four (0.4%). In all cases, variable ...

A hypercalcemic condition can be observed in association with hyperthyroidism. The case of a patient suffering from hypercalcemia and hyperthyroidism is reported. A confusional state and EEG alterations, among which diffuse monomorphic delta rhythms were remarkable, are shown. As soon as normalization of calcemia was achieved, a rapid clinical and ...

Confusion about the risk of seizures following head trauma might in part reflect methodologic limitations of reported studies. This epidemiologic review emphasizes four methodologic issues: selection of cases, selection of controls, definition and ascertain of seizures, and definition, of seizures, and definition, classification, and ascertainment of trauma. Although the focus ...

A patient with post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism, basal ganglia calcification, parkinsonism and seizures is reported. The parkinsonism was resistant to levodopa therapy but was not significantly improved by the correction of hypoparathyroidism. Previously reported cases are discussed, as well as the relationship between hypoparathyroidism, calcification of basal ganglia, parkinsonism and epilepsy.