Background: Puerperal group A streptococcus (GAS) infection, once the leading cause of postpartum sepsis, has been increasing again since the 1980s. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a serious complication characterized by rapidly spreading GAS infection, shock, and multiple organ failure. Immediate recognition and implementation of therapy is crucial for ...

Whereas inguinal hernias are commonly encountered in the neonatal population, giant hernias containing the entire small bowel and with complete inguinal floor disruption are significantly less common. These cases present clinical and technical challenges with the obliteration of normal anatomy and an attenuation of the expected abdominal domain. There is ...

Background and Objective: Neonatal autopsy rates were in decline internationally at the end of the last century. Our objective was to assess the current value of neonatal autopsy in providing additional information to families and healthcare professionals. Methods: We conducted a review of neonatal autopsies performed in a tertiary perinatal ...

This report describes a case of necrotising myositis of the obturator internus and piriformis muscles. Necrotising myositis is a rare result of group A streptococcal infection. It is usually fatal and has not been described previously in the obturator internus and piriformis. We describe how, following presentation to an emergency ...

Aphallia is a complex urogenital malformation. It is rarely described in literature. Treatment calls upon feminising genitoplasty in most cases. Authors describe a case in a neonate, insisting on the sociocultural realities which guided their indications.

We present a rare case of a male neonate with a perineal mass with rectal mucosa, diagnosed as an exstrophic duplication of the rectum. It was accompanied by a cord that was deeply invested in the pelvic diaphragm and was composed of smooth muscle, fibrous tissue, and some rectal glands. ...

BOSENTAN (TRACLEER, Actelion Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA) is an oral dual endothelin-1 receptor antagonist with proven efficacy and safety in adults with primary pulmonary hypertension (PH).1,2 Several case reports of neonates and former premature infants with PH of varying etiologies demonstrate the potential effectiveness of bosentan in this population. ...

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a multi drug resistant non fermenting Gram negative bacillus is an increasingly common nosocomial pathogen, especially in intensive care units. Comparatively few cases of infection have been reported in neonatal population. We present two cases of early onset neonatal sepsis due to S.maltophilia and a brief review of ...

Chronic granulomatous CNS infections may be caused by tuberculosis, fungi and rarely by free-living amoeba, especially in immunocompromised individuals. We report a rare, fatal case of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in an immunocompetent patient mimicking CNS tuberculosis, and review the imageological features and diagnostic tests.

Though frequently reported following surgical procedures, urinary retention after cardiac catheterization is rare and has not previously been documented in the literature. We reported 4 cases of acute retention over a 1-year period encountered in patients with congenital heart disease undergoing interventional percutaneous procedures. We also review the literature.

Background: Knowledge of epidemiology is important for recognition of cardiovascular malformations. Objective: Review the incidence of congenital heart defects in dogs in Italy and assess breed and sex predispositions. Animals: Nine hundred and seventy-six dogs diagnosed with congenital heart disease (CHD) of 4,480 dogs presented to Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso ...

Guglani L, Tadros S, Morell VO, Spahr JE, Webber SA, Kurland G. Lobar displacement following pediatric heart-lung transplantation: Case report and review of literature. Pediatr Transplantation 2011. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract:  Lobar displacement (LD) after heart-lung transplantation (HLT) has been reported in adults, but there are ...

To present a rare case of a multiparous woman undergoing elective cesarean section with apparent symptoms of acute coronary syndrome and who was later diagnosed with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM; "broken heart syndrome"). To review similar case reports already reported in literature. Literature search on the occurrence of TCM in pregnancy ...

Aims Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) or the apical ballooning syndrome is a reversible cardiomyopathy mimicking acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Although malignant arrhythmia is considered less likely to occur in TC than with AMI, sporadic reports of malignant arrhythmia with TC, however, have been reported. We reviewed the medical literature on TC ...

We report the case of a 30-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with the chief complaint of syncope. She also described intermittent chest pain and exertional dyspnea over the past several weeks. Review of systems and laboratory findings including D: -dimer levels were noncontributory. EKG demonstrated right bundle ...

To assess the yield of finding additional TB or diabetes mellitus (DM) cases through systematic screening and to determine the effectiveness of preventive TB therapy in people with DM. We systematically reviewed studies that had screened for active TB or implemented preventive therapy for TB among people with DM, and ...

We report on the case of a French citizen who was found dead in his home, 4 days after returning from Cameroon. The patient died of imported malaria, as revealed by the postmortem investigations. Few such cases have been reported throughout the world. This article reviews deaths due to malaria ...

Public health departments rely on the timely receipt of tuberculosis (TB) reports to promptly initiate patient management and contact investigations. In 2003, 43% of persons in New York City with confirmed or suspected TB were reported 4 or more days late. An intervention to increase the timeliness of TB reporting ...

Leprosy, a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae, classically presents with cutaneous and neurological manifestations. Musculoskeletal involvement though third most common is underdiagnosed and underreported. It may manifest in the form of Charcot's arthropathy, acute symmetrical polyarthritis or swollen hands and feet syndrome during lepra reactions, insidious-onset chronic symmetrical ...

Leprosy and human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection are prevalent in Brazil. Coinfection by Mycobacterium leprae and HTLV-1 is reviewed and a case is reported. A 59 year-old woman was followed and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy was diagnosed during leprosy treatment. The clinical and neurological aspects of this unusual ...

We report on novel 3-arylamino-6-benzylamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazines with potent activity against Plasmodium falciparum.

A patient with Hansen's disease received corticosteroids for a type 1 leprosy reaction and subsequently developed a new cutaneous lesion at the original biopsy site from which Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured. A review of the literature found only two other cases of coinfection with atypical mycobacteria and Mycobacterium leprae, although ...

Human tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium microti is rare, but its prevalence and clinical significance may have been underestimated. To the best of our knowledge, 21 cases have been reported in the literature in the last decade. We report six recent pulmonary cases caused by M. microti over a period of ...

Contact investigation is a logical approach to intensified case finding in China. However, currently there are no written national guidelines. The aim of this study is to review the published literature that describes the procedures followed by local level and report the yield for active tuberculosis (TB) cases. Studies conducted ...

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease affecting primarily the skin, peripheral nerves, respiratory system and the eyes. Leprosy induces various types of clinical presentation affecting the patient's immune response. Cell-mediated immunity is considered to be the crucial defence against the disease and the magnitude of this immunity defines the extent ...

We report a case of a 61-year-old Filipino-American male who developed pulmonary tuberculosis after travel to the Philippines. His history, presentation, imaging findings, and clinical course are presented as well as a discussion of the interesting imaging features in his case. Our case highlights the importance of having a high ...

Leprosy is associated with the occurrence of various skin lesions such as macules, papules, plaques, nodules, and even diffused infiltration, depending on the patient's immune response. Its clinical presentation is often different from the usual pattern, leading to confusion in diagnosis. The present article describes a rare case of leprosy ...

There are very few reports in the literature of rhabdomyolysis in falciparum malaria and they mostly consist of single case studies. A report from Sri Lanka described a single patient with myoglobinuria and skeletal muscle necrosis. Taylor and Prosser reported a single case of rhabdomyolysis with renal failure. We report ...

Plasmodium knowlesi in humans is life threatening, is on the increase and has been reported from most states in Malaysia. Anopheles latens and Anopheles cracens have been incriminated as vectors. Malaria is now a zoonoses and is occurring in malaria free areas of Malaysia. It is also a threat to ...

Craniovertebral junction tuberculosis (CVJ TB) is a rare disease, potentially causing significant neurological deficits and even death. We report on a 80-year-old woman presenting with CVJ TB without pulmonary involvement. The diagnosis was made by biopsy of the cervical lymph node showing granulomatous caseation necrosis. Despite extensive erosion of the ...

BACKGROUND: Investigations related to tuberculosis (TB) cases on airline flights have received increased attention in recent years. In Canada, reports of air travel by individuals with active TB are sent to the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) for public health risk assessment and contact follow-up. A descriptive analysis was ...

Tuberculous pericarditis is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that is considered unusual in western coun-tries. Diagnosis is often challenging, while proper treatment has a major impact on prognosis. We present three interesting cases, with complicated or unusual manifestations of tuberculous pericarditis: a patient with cardiac tamponade as the initial manifestation ...

Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax (CRPV) infection is emerging as a clinically significant problem. Detailed travel history is crucial to the management of imported malarial cases. We report a 58-year-old business traveler who returned from Indonesia and experienced relapse due to CRPV. The epidemiology and diagnostic challenges of CRPV for travel medicine ...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) continues to predominate the cause of morbidity, and mortality in the developing world. The disease affects all the organ systems, and presents in various pathologic disease states. We report an uncommon manifestation of this rather common infectious disease in a 19-year-old male. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia occurring as a ...

ABSTRACT: Tuberculosis of symphysis pubis is a rare condition with hardly any report of such cases in the last decade. It is necessary to distinguish the entity from more common ones like Osteitis pubis and Osteomyelitis of pubis symphysis by urgent means in order to start the treatment early and ...

Mesenteric lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor with nonspecific clinical features. A case series of three adult patients who had mesenteric lymphangioma is reported along with a review of literature. Two patients presented with painless abdominal swelling who were being managed as a case of abdominal tuberculosis and a third ...

An untreated case of BL presented with clinical features of type 2 reaction (T2R) confirmed by histopathology. The case was a 18-year-old female with borderline lepromatous leprosy who developed annular vesiculobullous eruptions oversome of the pre-existing plaques on arms and upper back along with fever and severe neuritis after a ...

BACKGROUND: The WHO targeted to eliminate leprosy from the world as a public health problem by reducing the prevalence to less than 1 case per 10000 population based on the use of multi-drug therapy (MDT). Despite the success of MDT, endemic pools still exist in some countries that have attained ...

Tuberculosis of the clavicular bone is a very rare clinical entity, with limited cases reported in the United States. Furthermore, sparing of the sternoclavicular joint is exceedingly unusual. A literature review of the prevalence of clavicular tuberculosis identified fewer than 80 cases reported since the discovery of the tubercular bacillus, ...

We reviewed 42 cases of pediatric and adolescent imported malaria in Cape Town. Patients were predominantly new and returned immigrants from other African countries. Rapid diagnosis occurred in most cases. Eleven of 42 (26%) had severe malaria. Management issues included delay to and inappropriate treatment, inadequate monitoring for hypoglycemia, and ...

BACKGROUND: The WHO targeted to eliminate leprosy from the world as a public health problem by reducing the prevalence to less than 1 case per 10000 population based on the use of multi-drug therapy (MDT). Despite the success of MDT, endemic pools still exist in some countries that have attained ...

The occurrence of pediatric skeletal (extra-spinal) tuberculosis in the developed world is extremely rare. The purpose of this study was to review the cases at our institutions. We performed a retrospective review of all pediatric biopsy-proven skeletal (extra-spinal) cases of tuberculosis over a five-year period. Eighteen patients of biopsy-proven tuberculosis ...

Malaria is a major cause of death in tropical and sub-tropical countries, killing each year over 1 million people globally; 90% of fatalities occur in African children. Although effective ways to manage malaria now exist, the number of malaria cases is still increasing, due to several factors. In this emergency ...

We report 34 cases of gastrointestinal TB from Malaysia and present an overview of the diagnostic challenges. A concerted effort is necessary to improve the existing diagnostic methods, and develop and evaluate newer diagnostic tools through well designed multi-center studies.

Tuberculosis (TB) has a worthy reputation as one of the great mimickers in medicine with a multitude of clinical pictures and variations. Noncontiguous spinal TB is described as atypical and case reports are published as rarities in the mainstream academic journals. The aim of the study was to asses the ...

Isolated parotid tuberculosis is difficult to diagnose in the pediatric age group. Often the problem leads to surgery. We describe the case of a 13-year-old female who presented with right parotid swelling with facial palsy. Computerized tomography, aspiration cytology, PCR differentiation, culture sensitivity, and drug therapy led to complete resolution. ...

A literature review was performed to assess the effectiveness of tuberculosis (TB) contact tracing among migrants and the foreign-born population with emphasis on the European Union. Effectiveness of contact tracing was assessed using the following indicators: coverage, proportion of contacts with TB (TB yield), proportion of contacts with latent tuberculosis ...

Post-operative reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is a recognized complication of surgery. We report a case of reactivation TB involving pacemaker wires and review the literature on surgical site TB infections following cardiac surgery to examine the clinical features and outcomes of this rare but important presentation of TB.

We present a rare case of tuberculous myositis in a 36-year-old man with long-standing ankylosing spondylitis treated with adalimumab. We review the association between antitumor necrosis factor therapy and tuberculous myositis. Our case illustrates that the index of suspicion of tuberculosis in these patients, even with atypical clinical features, must ...

Tubal block is a common cause of infertility. Therefore Laparoscopy or Hysterosalphingoraphy or Hydrosonosalphingography are accepted methods for diagnosis of tubal block. Genital tuberculosis has a world wide distribution, more common in developing countries. Tubal block is the sequel of that disease. This prospective study by determination of Acid Fast ...