A case of unusual crusted (Norwegian) scabies involving the entire skin of a 26 year old Brazilian patient with lepromatous leprosy is reported. The more prominent histopathological findings were acanthosis, hyperkeratosis and crusting with many mites of Sarcoptes scabiei. In the dermis, numerous foamy histiocytes filled with abundant acid-fast bacilli ...

This paper report the progress and impact of MDT implementation to leprosy control in Thailand since 1984 until 1994. By ten years of MDT implementation, number of registered cases dropped from 44,406 in 1984 to only 4,878 cases in 1994. Which made prevalence rate declined 90% from 8.8 to 0.83 ...

Malaria is caused by one of four species of Plasmodium (i.e., P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, or P. malariae) and is transmitted by the bite of an infective female Anopheles sp. mosquito. Most malaria cases in the United States occur among persons who have traveled to areas that have ...

Gandhi Memorial Leprosy Foundation started its leprosy control work around Sevagram village in Wardha District (State of Maharashtra) in 1952. Long-term followup records of families of twenty-seven villages in this area were analyzed to assess the leprosy profile. In this paper, the data on household contacts followed from 1952 to ...

BACKGROUND: An increase in the incidence of tuberculosis in industrialized nations has prompted a need for earlier diagnosis, treatment, and isolation of disease. An associated rise in the number of patients with central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS TB) has forced neurosurgical services to reevaluate the indications for operative intervention. METHODS: ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate community-based directly observed therapy (DOT) for tuberculosis (TB) control. DESIGN: Ecological study. METHODS: Three comparisons were made in this descriptive study. (1) An 11-year retrospective comparison of TB case rates, sputum conversion rates (SCRs), rates of therapy completion, and confounding factors (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], immigration, unemployment, ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to find out if bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) would be better than gastric lavage for the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from pediatric patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis. DESIGN: 50 children with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis at a mean age of 5.1 years (range 7 months ...

The intent of this review was to familiarize the reader with the fascinating history of TB. I quote from Robert Louis Stevenson: "It is not a hard thing to know what to write; the hard thing is to know what to leave out." Also, this review by its very nature ...

A detailed clinical, bacteriological and histopathological study of 1373 patients of leprosy who sought medical advice at the Department of Skin, STD and Leprosy of Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur, during 1975-1993 is reported. The disease was observed in 1.54 patients per 1000 cases attending in the skin department out-patients. ...

Tuberculoma is a rare but known complication of tuberculosis. It rarely occurs in the mastoid bone. When it occurs in the middle ear cleft, it can lead to intracranial complications if there is a delay in the diagnosis and management. A rare case of tuberculosis of the middle ear cleft ...

An unusual case of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis of the left lower limb in a 65-year-old woman is reported. The disease, arising on the plantar aspect of the foot in 1950, was correctly diagnosed by culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from a skin biopsy only in 1993. A spectacular improvement of ...

A case of tuberculous epididymitis which presented as an acute hydrocele is reported and the relevant literature reviewed. The patient had undergone contralateral orchidectomy 20 years previously for the same condition associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The most recent episode followed unrelated illness; the diagnosis was confirmed after surgical intervention and ...

Since 1987, up to 2.42 million bednets owned by rural householders in over 40 counties in seven prefectures of Sichuan Province, China, have been sprayed annually with deltamethrin at a dose of about 10 mg/m2. Data for the years 1987-89 indicate that there were marked reductions in the biting populations ...

A total of 1,629 cases of malaria were reported in the United Kingdom in 1992, and 1,922 cases in 1993, fewer than the peak of 2,332 reached in 1991. Of the 3,551 cases of malaria reported during 1992 and 1993, 74 were reported from Scotland, 45 from Wales, and 13 ...

The epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed, active leprosy cases (incidence, N = 16 Greeks and 4 expatriates) and relapsed cases (recurrences, N = 25, all Greeks) were studied. Most of the cases were multibacillary, over 50% being lepromatous. The relapses were analyzed by sex, disease duration and residence (rural or ...

The aim of this paper is to assess trends in tuberculosis morbidity and mortality in the countries of Eastern Europe and the former USSR. Data on morbidity and mortality were obtained from reports of the Ministries of Health, a 1992 WHO questionnaire, national tuberculosis associations, and other sources. The quality ...

There are only scattered case reports of intracranial tuberculosis in industrialized nations; brainstem tuberculoma is even more unusual, accounting for 2.5% to 8% of all intracranial tuberculoma. In developing nations, however, central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB) is not rare and intracranial tuberculoma may account for 5% to 30% of all ...

We present a case of tuberculous mastitis. The patient's only other focus of tuberculosis, besides the clinical infection in the right breast, was a simple calcified primary complex in the right lung. Our review of records from the past 27 years yielded no other case of proven tuberculous mastitis in ...

A review of 114 thoracic empyema cases attended in the thoracic unit of the Muhimbili Medical Centre from July 1986 to July 1990 is presented. 87.7% of the cases were males. Their ages ranged from 9 to 79 years with a mean of 32 years. Tuberculosis was the major cause ...

The records of 2,285 (2,007 paucibacillary (PB) and 278 multibacillary (MB)) cases of leprosy which were declared as released from treatment (RFT) after multidrug therapy (MDT) and under surveillance as per the National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) guidelines in the rural field practice area of Central Leprosy Teaching & Research ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the distribution and sources of increased tuberculosis (TB) morbidity in the United States from 1985 through 1992. DESIGN: Review of TB surveillance data. PARTICIPANTS: All incident TB cases in the United States reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1980 through 1992. MAIN OUTCOME ...

Subsaharan Africa is dramatically characterized by the most most powerful malaria vector system which accounts for more than 80% of the 120 million clinical cases estimated in the world in one year. Great difficulties are experienced in the control of the disease, while failures, more or less complete, were recorded ...

Since 1986 (the first full year following implementation of the revised tuberculosis [TB] surveillance case definition), the reported rate of TB per 100,000 persons in New Jersey increased from 9.5 cases to 12.6 cases in 1992. Of the 984 cases reported to CDC from New Jersey in 1992, 108 (11.0%) ...

Fifty-nine cases of tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis were analysed histologically. Characteristic epithelioid cell granulomas were seen in all the cases with central areas of caseation necrosis in 96.6% (57/59) of these cases. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was further established by the demonstration of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in the tissue sections in ...

A comparison of the profile of monolesional cases among new PB cases detected in a Government Leprosy Control Unit (GLCU) and the field area of a Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute (CLTRI), both located in South India, demonstrates that the proportion of monolesional cases among new cases detected between ...

Recently, the trend in the number of people traveling from the tropics to malaria-free areas has tremendously increased and this is paralleled by the number of imported malaria cases. Imported infected mosquitoes transmitting the infection to persons living or working nearby international airports have been reported. The possibility that mosquitoes ...

Cases of genitourinary tuberculosis diagnosed at the Hospital Clínico Universitario between January 1978 and December 1989 were studied. Genitourinary tuberculosis was the most frequent type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed, accounting for 81 (40.9%) of 198 cases. Fifty-one patients (63%) were men. The mean ages of male and female patients were ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine antituberculosis drug resistance patterns, geographic distribution, demographic characteristics, and risk factors of reported tuberculosis (TB) patients in the United States. DESIGN: Survey of reported TB cases in the United States. For culture-positive cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we asked health departments to ...

Tuberculosis is a common illness among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and therefore, choroidal tubercles are expected to be found in these patients. Nevertheless, this association (AIDS-induced choroidal tuberculosis) is infrequently reported in the literature. We report four cases of patients with AIDS and tuberculosis who did not have ...

Beginning in 1985, the long decline in TB cases was dramatically reversed; from 1985 through 1992 reported cases increased 20.1 percent nationally. Two characteristics of this resurgent epidemic are unique: its prevalence among immunocompromised HIV-infected people and the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB. Current epidemiological trends, demographics and treatment approaches are ...

Histopathological slides from skin biopsies of fifty-seven self-reporting patients diagnosed as indeterminate leprosy by the Leprosy Control Programme in São Paulo, were sent to three independent histopathologists. Agreement between the reports were based on the following diagnosis: "indeterminate leprosy", "suggestive leprosy" or "no leprosy". A great variation was observed in ...

A concerted malaria eradication programme in the United Arab Emirates has reduced local transmission to only a very few small foci in the country. The Al Ain district is now a consolidation zone. However, transmission across the undemarcated border with Oman continues. Malaria imported by the large immigrant work force ...

A baseline survey to establish the point prevalence of leprosy was carried out in July and August, 1991 in northern Botswana, where cases of leprosy have existed over the years. A total of 799 contacts of 127 index cases and 8235 school children from 18 schools were clinically screened for ...

This study investigates the circumstances surrounding all cases of tuberculosis found at autopsy in Auckland during the period 1975-1992. Cases were placed in one of six categories according to the medical history and autopsy findings. Of the 34 cases in the study 22 were clinically undiagnosed prior to autopsy. Of ...

Five patients with proven intra-abdominal tuberculosis were examined with computed tomography (CT) over a period of one year. This revealed hepatosplenomegaly in all five cases. Macroscopic nodules were noted in the liver and spleen in three cases. All three cases showed more severe involvement of the spleen over the liver. ...

Sonograms in 41 patients with intestinal tuberculosis were analyzed. The sonographic findings of intestinal tuberculosis were thickening of the wall in the ileum, cecum, or ascending colon (or in more than one of these). We detected the wall thickening in 38 cases by sonography (detection rate, 93%). The ileum was ...

We report the clinical, microbiological, and radiological features of four cases of multifocal osteoarticular tuberculosis, and we review the management of this condition. In each case the initial clinical diagnosis was one of malignant disease, and the possibility of tuberculous bone infection was overlooked. There was neither clinical nor radiological ...

The immigration of Ethiopian Jews to Israel in the 1980s resulted in the importation of over 2,000 cases of malaria, a major challenge to clinicians and public health officials alike. In contrast, in the massive airlift from Ethiopia in May 1991 and in the sporadic immigration that followed it, malaria ...

A 24-year-old woman was infected with falciparum malaria during travel to Kenya, complicated by intravascular coagulation and pulmonary edema. She was successfully treated with anti-malarial drugs including chloroquine, quinine sulfate and pyrimethamine, with a combined regimen of heparin, antithrombin III and nafamostat mesilate for disseminated intravascular coagulation, and with methylprednisolone ...

Total 240 cases of 2-12 years age group who had contact of tuberculosis indirectly or directly and had chronic illness were screened for tuberculosis. Out of 240 cases, 180 cases were diagnosed as tuberculosis. Special emphasis was given on Mantoux Test (M.T.), though the battery of tests were done to ...

Leprosy is a rare entity in Japan, but remains quite common in developing countries. We report two sisters with leprosy from Brazil but currently working in Japan who presented to our clinic. The younger sister was infected with the BB type with HLA-A2, A24, B51, Bw52, DR2, DRw8, DRw52, DQw1, ...

A longitudinal study of malaria incidence recorded at malaria clinic of MRC, Shankargarh, during 1988-1991 showed the immense popularity of the clinic in quarry area. In clinical cases, SPR and SfR gradually increased from 45.6 and 18.2 in 1988 to 52.5 and 34.5 respectively in 1991. Increase in malaria cases ...

While conducting a clinical trial study from July, 1989 to February 1990, we noted with surprise some clinically challenging manifestations of severe falciparum malaria at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya. Of the 33 cases we studied, this paper summarises two fatal cases of malaria, one case presenting with hyperglycaemia and one ...

Two thousand, three hundred and thirty-two cases of human malaria were imported into the United Kingdom in 1991. There were twelve deaths; eleven of which were due to Plasmodium falciparum infection contracted in Kenya or West Africa. The annual total of cases of P. falciparum infection has increased throughout the ...

We have carried out a retrospective study on 100 children in hospital in Marseilles, France with a diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. On admission, the main clinical features were anaemia (90 cases), fever (83 cases, > 40 degrees C in 22 cases), hepatomegaly (44 cases), vomiting (29 cases), neurological signs ...

Seventy one cases of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (confirmed by clinical, sputum examination, Skiagram, lymph node or other organ biopsy) and 13 cases of PUO suspected to be tubercular in origin were included in the study. Besides, thorough clinical workup, LFTs and liver biopsy were also done in all cases. ...

The incidence of genitourinary tuberculosis is constant in western countries, despite dramatically falling prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis. The kidney is especially involved in urinary tuberculosis, and genital tuberculosis mostly affects the epididymis in males and the fallopian tubes in females. Twelve cases of male genitourinary tuberculosis are presented and the ...

Disturbances in cardiac autonomic functions are known to occur in patients of lepromatous leprosy and dilated cardiomyopathy. We have analyzed the number of cardiac autonomic ganglion cells in patients of lepromatous leprosy (2 cases), dilated cardiomyopathy (2 cases) and compared with those of control subjects (2 cases). The average number ...

Among 50,784 new immigrants entering Vaud Country, Switzerland, between 1988 and 1990, 674 abnormalities were discovered by mass miniature X-ray screening on arrival (424/43,803 foreign workers, 238/4512 refugees and 12/2469 foreign students). 2043 refugees had no radiological examination. After clinical examination, tuberculosis (TB) was considered the likely diagnosis in 256 ...

Atypical species of mycobacteria (AMB) are now the most common cause of granulomatous lymphadenopathy. It is important for pediatric surgeons to be aware of this disease, because excision is the mainstay of therapy. We have reviewed the experience with this disease in Alberta by reviewing the records of the Provincial ...