INTRODUCTION: Head injury is the leading cause of accidental death in children. Recent reports have shown the benefit of decompressive craniectomy in children and the role of early timing has been emphasized. However, there is still a lack of data to determine the optimal time for performing craniectomy. CASE REPORT: ...

To determine the effect of helmets on the risk of head and neck injuries in skiers and snowboarders. Matched case-control and case crossover study. 19 ski areas in Quebec, Canada, November 2001 to April 2002. 1082 skiers and snowboarders (cases) with head and neck injuries reported by the ski patrol ...

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of helmet use on non-head-neck injury severity and crash circumstances in skiers and snowboarders. We used a matched case-control study over the November 2001 to April 2002 winter season. 3295 of 4667 injured skiers and snowboarders reporting to the ski ...

Renal involvement may occur in cases with malignant disorders. Glomerular injury may be the first sign of these diseases and may predict the overall survival. In some cases, glomerular injury may be associated with tumor antigens, and in some others, viruses cause renal injury together with underlying malignant disease. Here ...

Traumatic axial dislocation of the carpus in a 20-year-old man is described. This injury was accompanied by a crushing injury to the hand. The disruption pattern was different from those of previously reported cases. Despite the restoration of painless wrist motion postoperatively, grip strength remained below normal. Early accurate reduction, ...

In the year 2000, the latest review on post-head trauma hypopituitarism (PHTH) collected 367 cases of isolated or multiple deficiency of anterior pituitary hormones subsequent to traumatic brain injury. The first patient had been published in 1918 and the latest 15 were my personal observations reported in the said review. ...

RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the pattern of injuries among non-fatal cases of road traffic accidents? OBJECTIVE: To study the pattern of injuries among non-fatal cases of road traffic accidents. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Nagpur, a city in central India. PARTICIPANTS: 423 non-fatal cases of road traffic accidents reporting for ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the discriminatory power of TraumaSCAN-Web, a system for assessing penetrating trauma, using retrospective multi-center case data for gunshot and stab wounds to the thorax and abdomen. METHODS: 80 gunshot and 114 stab cases were evaluated using TraumaSCAN-Web. Areas under the Receiver Operator Characteristic Curves (AUC) were calculated ...

To review the epidemiological literature on low back pain in golfers and to review the golf swing and relate the literature on the mechanics of the swing to the lower back. A computer search was conducted of Index Medicus (1966 to 2004), MANTIS (1880 to present) and CINAHL (1982 to ...

National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) crash statistics were examined to understand injury patterns of belted occupants in rollover crashes and determine accuracy / completeness of selected NASS-coded variables. A comprehensive statistical study, followed by detailed engineering reviews of 278 NASS cases, is in progress. The primary objective is to understand ...

There is scant neuropathological information in the child abuse literature; even the best reviews include assumptions based on the findings of a few inadequate early studies. Our recent series of 53 fatal cases (Brain 124 (2001) 1290, 1299 [1,2]) demonstrated age-related patterns of brain injury and showed the substrate of ...

Missile head injury is predominantly caused by firearms; however, small blunt objects such as a stone can be propelled into the air and cause a low-velocity-type missile injury, as described in this case report. Since the cerebral damage in low-velocity missile injuries is usually focal, there might not be disturbance ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of arousal methods for prolonged coma of 175 patients with severe traumatic brain injury and related factors. METHODS: There were 175 cases with persistent coma longer than 1 month after severe traumatic brain injury. Coma lasted 1-12 months. Arousal procedures included hyperbaric oxygen, physical therapy ...

Falls from great height are suicidal in most cases. Any antecedent trauma that would indicate an involvement of a third party should, however, be excluded in each case. Herein lies the difficulty in such cases since injuries prior to the fall which could be of criminal nature may be masked ...

Some 30 million Americans are involved in equestrian sports. Although there is significant literature regarding catastrophic injury, there is very little literature that addresses overuse injury and its effect on rider and horse. As the horse and rider function as a unit, overuse injuries to the rider can affect the ...

Delayed post-hypoxic encephalopathy is an uncommon but potentially debilitating consequence of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. This condition is characterized by delayed neurological deterioration days-to-weeks after an initial partial or complete recovery from hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. The course of recovery from this condition is highly variable, ranging from rapid and fatal progression ...

The case is presented of a professional half pipe snowboarder with a large post-traumatic subdural haematoma, which allowed close to normal functioning and socialisation. It is an example of a potentially life threatening sports injury in an increasingly commercialised and popular winter sport. It highlights that a knowledge of injury ...

AIMS: The authors analyze epidemiology, location, clinical profile and outcome of double extradural hematoma (EDH) or EDH at more than one site. DESIGN: A retrospective clinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 46 cases of double EDH were studied. All the cases were evaluated for their mode of injury, clinical presentation, level ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe, using video analysis, the mechanisms of head injuries and of incidents with a high risk of head injury in elite football. METHODS: Videotapes and injury information were collected prospectively for 313 of the 409 matches played in the Norwegian (2000 season) ...

A case of a 25-year-old male with a deep knife stab injury in the back is reported. The stab wound penetrated the left thorax and the left lung was injured, a thoracotomy was performed and the patient survived. The injured man could not remember what had happened, his bag was ...

Obesity is an increasing burden on health-care globally. Significant obesity is presenting at a younger age, with pathology that has not been previously seen. This case report illustrates the catastrophic consequences which may occur when minor trauma occurs in a young person who suffers from morbid obesity. A 19-year-old woman ...

Subdural Hygroma (SDG) is described in the literature as a common complication of blunt head trauma occurring in a reported 5-20% of all closed head injuries. The Emergency Physician will likely encounter this type of lesion and it is useful to have an understanding of its significance, its relationship to ...

OBJECTIVES: Study objectives were: (a) to examine the causes and incidence of major spinal cord injuries sustained by ice hockey players; and (b) to add recently reported Canadian cases to the Canadian Ice Hockey Spinal Injury Registry to determine the effectiveness of prevention efforts. METHODS: The study was a review ...

A case of combined pancreatoduodenal injury requiring pancreatoduodenectomy is described. A two-stage approach was used, which included a pancreatoduodenectomy followed by a tube pancreatostomy for complete external drainage of pancreatic juice and subsequent second-stage pancreatojejunostomy. This approach, first advocated by Miyagawa et al., enabled us to handle the normal soft ...

OBJECTIVE: Neonatal cerebral white matter injury represents a major precursor for neurological impairment and cerebral palsy. Our objective was to identify risk factors associated with its development. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective case-control study of all births between 23 and 34 weeks gestation at a single university hospital between May 1994 ...

PURPOSE: To report four cases of penetrating ocular injuries from fish-hooks. METHODS: The case records of four patients who attended the ophthalmology department with ocular fish-hook injuries were reviewed. RESULTS: Individuals were male, between the ages of 9 and 67. All cases had anterior segment involvement and the hooks were ...

The vestibular-like symptoms that commonly follow head injury are most often due to one of a number of specific pathologies affecting vestibular, CNS or cervical structures. These pathologies can be readily identified in the majority of cases by appropriate testing in the examining room, and in vestibular function or neurodiagnosic ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between the subjective report of feeling foggy at one-week post concussion and acute neuropsychological outcome. The outcome variables were derived from a computerized neuropsychological screening battery, Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). Participants were 110 high school students who ...

AIM: To review the Auckland experience of traumatic subdural haematoma (SDH) in infants under 2 years of age, with particular regard to features which might help to differentiate accidental from non-accidental injury (NAI). METHODS: Retrospective review of the medical records of children under 2 years of age, coded for subdural ...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Despite significant literature associated with spinal injuries and recreational diving, few articles exist regarding competitive diving injuries, with no reports pertaining specifically to spinal injuries. As a result, a case report of a collegiate diver with C5-C6 ligamentous instability requiring operative stabilization is currently presented in addition to ...

Impacted injuries of the head and neck are uncommon. Associated injuries can be present and can be a serious problem. We present an unusual clinical case and discuss the management of this complex injury. Head and neck injuries deserve special attention because of their enormous functional and esthetic significance. Contusion, ...

Light truck vehicles (LTV) are becoming more popular on US highways. This creates greater opportunity for collisions with passenger vehicles (PV). The mismatch in weight, stiffness, and height between LTV and PV has been surmised to result in increased fatalities among PV occupants when their vehicles collide with LTV. We ...

In 2000, an estimated 6.1 million light-vehicle (e.g., passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, vans, and pickup trucks) crashes on U.S. roadways were reported to police. Of these reported crashes, 247,000 (4.0%) involved incidents in which the motor vehicle (MV) directly hit an animal on the roadway. Each year, an estimated ...

We present the case of a young male with severe head injury, cervico-thoracic fractures, and an initially unrecognized brainstem infarct due to unilateral dissection of vertebral artery, who made an unusually excellent recovery. This report stresses the importance of prompt clinico-imaging diagnosis and prophylactic anticoagulant treatment in such cases.

OBJECTIVES: To survey the causes, characteristics, and outcomes of malpractice litigation resulting from injuries sustained during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of United States state and federal civil litigation involving injuries resulting from ESS. METHODS: Sources were state and federal court decisions and jury verdict reports ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the pattern of anatomical injury in victims of motor vehicle crashes who die prior to reaching hospital. Cases were identified where death was an unexpected outcome. METHODS: A retrospective review of autopsy case records including police reports, of all persons who died in motor vehicle crashes between ...

Innominate artery injury after blunt trauma is uncommon and mostly observed at its origin from the aorta. We report here an unusual case of distal innominate artery injury associated with acute right subclavian occlusion. MEDLINE search of blunt traumatic injury to the innominate artery revealed a total of 132 case ...

Around the July 4 Independence Day holiday each year in the United States, injuries associated with homemade fireworks are increasingly common. During June-July 2002, approximately 5,700 persons were treated for fireworks-related injuries at U.S. emergency departments; approximately 300 (5.3%) were injured in incidents involving illegal and homemade fireworks. CDC and ...

Inflicted head injury to the developing brain frequently results in serious disability. The pathogenesis of the neuraxial and ocular findings in infants believed to have suffered inflicted head injury remains the subject of considerable debate. Recent neuropathology studies of fatal cases of inflicted head injury and of a foetal/perinatal non-traumatic ...

To report an unusual penetrating stab injury of the spinal cord. Case report of a 13-year-old boy who sustained cervical trauma following an accident while playing. Spinal Cord Injuries Unit, Musgrave Park Hospital, Belfast, UK. Mechanism of injury was by a spear-like electric fence post entering the neck. Initial neurological ...

Traditionally, mandatory exploration was the rule for managing penetrating abdominal trauma, but this has begun to change in the recent era. The change first affected stab injuries, in which the conservative approach in appropriate cases has gained wide spread acceptance. Relatively recently, the management of gunshot injuries to the abdomen ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether race history, including the number of races and total race distance, was associated with risk of superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) injury in Thoroughbred racehorses in Japan. DESIGN: Matched case-control study. ANIMALS: 515 Thoroughbred racehorses (case horses) that sustained an SDFT injury during training or racing ...

There has been a marked increase in the use of unpowered scooters over the past few years. Along with this, there has been an increase in injuries related to their use. The objective of this study was to review the unpowered scooter-related injury reports compiled by the United States Consumer ...

Air gun, although considered a toy, can cause injuries ranging from trivial to very grievous. The type and severity of injuries depend on the type of air gun used, the distance at which it is fired, and the anatomic site at which the pellet hits. An interesting case involving a ...

Animal scavenging is one of the most significant causes of postmortem injuries. A large variety of scavenging animals have been reported on in previous papers. Although postmortem injuries attributable to birds are well known in the case of "aerial burial," the custom in Tibet, few cases of bird scavenging have ...

This study evaluated 372 cases of post-traumatic extremity vessel lesions, for which the Forensic Medicine Council, Istanbul, Turkey prepared medicolegal evaluation reports between 1998 and 2000. The study group (n = 372) comprised of 346 men (93.0%) and 26 women (6.9%), and their ages ranged between 6 and 73 years ...

The forensic evaluation of clinical cranial computed tomographies (CCT) frequently is the only reliable source of morphological evidence in head injuries when the injured individual survives or when death is delayed and autopsy findings are characterized by secondary changes. We have reviewed 21 cases where clinical CCT examinations were used ...

Injuries caused by BB and pellet guns remain common among children. These guns fire low-velocity missiles that can cause considerable harm when fired at close range. Most injuries occur in adolescents as a result of accidental or careless shooting. Such injuries to head and neck sites are common, second only ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between traumatic cerebral ischemia and intravascular thrombosis, a common finding after traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: We reviewed samples of the frontal cortex and hippocampus from individuals who had sustained a fatal TBI. Sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were reviewed and rated for severity ...

We report the case of a 59-year-old nurse from our HIV ward who developed a severe haemodynamic crisis with concomitant acute multiorgan failure after initiation of a post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with zidovudine/lamivudine (CombivirTM) and lopinavir/ritonavir (KaletraTM) after a needle-stick injury with an HIV-contaminated needle. Although serious and life-threatening adverse effects ...