Background  Three aromatase inhibitors, namely anastrozole, letrozole and exemestane, which reduce circulating oestrogen, are used to treat breast cancer patients; the therapeutic use of such aromatase inhibitors is quickly increasing. Objective  We intended (i) to review aromatase inhibitor-induced cutaneous adverse effects and (ii) to describe a recently observed case of ...

Between 1998 and 2007, records from 33 patients with cutaneous diphtheria from Vancouver's inner city were reviewed. Cases were associated with injection drug use and poverty. Coinfections with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum occurred. Corynebacterium diphtheriae is endemic in Vancouver's urban core, with strains of multilocus sequence type ...

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease with cutaneous lesions present in about one fourth of patients. Cutaneous lesions may be specific or nonspecific based on the presence or the absence of sarcoidal granulomas. Subcutaneos sarcoidosis is the less frequent of the specific cutaneous lesions of sarcoidosis. We report here 2 new ...

Abstract. AmBisome (liposomal amphotericin B) is used for prophylaxis and treatment of fungal infections, treatment of visceral leishmaniasis, and more recently, treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Although the package insert cites neurologic toxicities in up to 20% of cases, review of the literature did not reveal any specific cases describing this ...

The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease that affects multiple organs in adults between 20 and 50 years old. Interferon alpha (IFN-α) is an immunomodulator that has been used in a wide range of diseases, including hepatitis C virus infection, multiple sclerosis, and other types of neoplasias, including leukemia, lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, ...

Cutaneous metastases from internal malignancies are uncommon. Furthermore, cutaneous metastases from cholangiocarcinoma are extremely rare. Here we report a case of two patients with distant cutaneous metastases of cholangiocarcinoma: 1) a 66-year-old man who presented with a solitary, erythematous nodule on the scalp and 2) a 44-year-old man who presented ...

A 6-week-old Warmblood colt foal was presented for investigation of multiple haematoma formation in various locations, poor wound healing and abnormal scar formation. Based on the history and clinical presentation of hyperextensible skin with prolonged skin tenting, the foal was diagnosed with cutaneous asthenia and euthanased because of the poor ...

Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA) has been associated with advanced lung diseases. Pulmonary sarcoidosis, a granulomatous inflammatory disorder, is associated with CCPA. We identified CCPA in 2% of cases in a large cohort of sarcoidosis patients. We found a lack of response to medical treatment and poor outcome in this ...

To the Editor: I have read the review by Sousa and Pearson (1), which provides a fascinating historical account of the Great Drought and the smallpox epidemic of the 1870s and their association with the emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ceara, Brazil. In their review, the authors went back to ...

Objective:We report an extremely rare case of laryngeal lichen planus.Method:A case report and literature review of the aetiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of laryngeal lichen planus are presented.Results:A male patient presented with hoarseness and a history suggestive of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. However, characteristic histopathological findings demonstrated lichen ...

Whereas the association between multisystem and pulmonary sarcoidosis and malignancy has been documented, a relationship between cutaneous sarcoidosis and neoplasia has not yet been reported. Because cutaneous manifestations are seen in 20-25 percent of cases of sarcoidosis, this association deserves further investigation. We reviewed the relevant literature, in addition to ...

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of an unknown etiology. Subcutaneous sarcoidosis is a rare manifestation of sarcoidosis, and plantar involvement is extremely rare and there is only one such case report in the medical literature. Herein we present an interesting case of a patient who was diagnosed as having ...

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours (pPNETs) are a group of soft-tissue tumours of neuroepithelial origin that arise outside the central and sympathetic nervous system. Orbital location is infrequent, and to the best of the authors' knowledge only 16 cases have been reported in the literature. With this article, the authors report ...

Schwannomas and ependymomas are the most frequent tumours of the filum terminale. Giant schwannomas, however, are very rare in this location with less than 30 cases reported in the literature, most of them presenting with preoperative neurological deficits. We present the case of a giant schwannoma in a 75-year-old lady ...

Desmoid tumours are benign fibrous neoplasms originating from musculoaponeurotic structures throughout the body. These tumours are rare in the mandible and the literature is limited to case reports and retrospective reviews and to date there is no agreed protocol for the management of these lesions in the paediatric mandible. The ...

Report of 2 cases of sarcoidosis involving vertebrae successfully treated with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNF-α antagonist). To disseminate knowledge concerning successful treatment of sarcoidosis involving the axial skeleton with the use of TNF-α blockers. Osseous sarcoidosis most commonly involves small bones of hands and feet; vertebral involvement is rare, ...

Testicular epithelial mucinous tumours are an extremely rare, but interesting form of testicular neoplasm. We reviewed the medical literature using PubMed search terms: testis, mucinous cystadenoma, mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, neoplasms and testicular neoplasms. We describe a case from our institution and provide a review of the literature. Only 11 previously reported ...

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas are relatively rare soft tissue malignant tumours, most commonly located in the extremities. Their occurrence in the genitourinary tract is extremely rare. We present a clinical case report of an extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma originating in the scrotum.

Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a rare soft tissue tumour of uncertain histogenesis and unpredictable biological behaviour, which was first described in the pleura and subsequently in many extra-pleural locations. Fat-forming SFT is a sub-type of SFT and only a handful of cases have been reported in the literature. We ...

We present three cases of meningiomas developing at the site of an old head trauma. We then review the literature regarding the controversies on the development of post-traumatic brain tumors and, finally, we emphasize the medico-legal characteristics of post-traumatic meningiomas, particularly with respect to their cell type which is frequently ...

Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare softtissue tumour, typically occurring in the female pelvis and carrying a high risk of local infiltration and relapse. Surgery remains the first line of treatment, however some adjuvant treatments, such as gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, have been used for primary treatment and for treatment against ...

Extraskeletal osteochondroma of the foot are rare benign cartilaginous tumours. We present a case of soft-tissue osteochondroma in the heel pad superficial to the postero-inferior aspect of the calcaneus. We propose the pathogenesis of this lesion might be related to metaplasia in the plantar aponeurosis as described in literature, or ...

BACKGROUND: Brain tumours and head trauma are two pathological entities that may involve the central nervous system to produce similar clinical neurologic signs and symptoms. There has been a long-term debate in the literature on association between these two clinical conditions following observations over time of development of intracranial tumours ...

Giant cell angiofibroma was first described as a distinctive orbital soft-tissue tumour in male adults; it is now recognized that this mesenchymal tumour can present in other anatomical regions. In this article, a case of giant cell angiofibroma of parapharyngeal space in a 25-year-old woman is described. Clinicopathologic features of ...

Primary intra-cranial germ-cell tumours (GCT) are rare and it is important to differentiate them histologically as their prognosis and treatment is quite different. Moreover, highly malignant non-germinomatous GCT (NG GCT) comprise a small portion of these tumours with limited data available on appropriate treatment approaches. We present the case of ...

Extracranial meningiomas are rare tumors that usually represent extensions from intracranial lesions. Here, we report a case of primary meningioma of the nasal septum. A 60-year-old man presented with nasal obstruction and postnasal drip. On examination he had a mass in the nasal cavity. Computed tomography studies revealed absence of ...

Inverted papilloma (IP) is a rare nasosinusal benign tumour, with epithelium surface inversion to inside the stroma. Extension to intracranial temporal fossa and middle ear has been reported in few cases in the literature. This involvement may be derived from either direct extension from sinonasal cavity via the Eustachian tube ...

The authors describe a 34-year-old man who presented with an unapparent swelling on the right preauricular zygomatic region, with progressive limitation of mouth opening and slight temporomandibular joint pain. Based on fine-needle aspiration cytology and radiological investigations, the patient was diagnosed preoperatively as having a possible tenosynovial giant cell tumour ...

Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) results in multiple central nervous system tumours. In this case report, the patient has one vestibular schwannoma, one trigeminal schwannoma and two meningiomas developed before the age of 30. Aiming to treat three targets at one fraction with minimal interaction and overlapping doses to normal tissue, the ...

Xeroderma pigmentosa (XP) is a condition inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and is characterized by photosensitivity, pigmentary changes, premature skin ageing and malignant tumour development resulting from the defect in DNA repair. The management of complications of XP, especially orofacial tumours entails an enormous surgical challenge to the clinicians. ...

This study is a retrospective review of the records of all cases treated in the authors' department since 1991 to identify patients with condylar masses diagnosed as osteochondromas. In 2186 cases of benign and malignant cysts/tumours of the maxillofacial region (1560 malignant and 626 benign), 8 osteochondromas of the mandibular ...

Pulmonary carcinosarcoma is a rare malignancy composed of epithelial and mesenchymal elements. In general, these neoplasms occur in older individuals at the age of 60 on average and are more commonly found in males who are heavy smokers. We report a 25-year-old male with a tumour shadow of the right ...

Angiolipomas are either encapsulated or non-encapsulated fatty tumours. They are distinguished from other lipomas by the excessive degree of vascular proliferation and because they are mixed with mature adipocytes. They commonly occur in the trunk and extremities and are rare in the maxillofacial area. Only 36 cases in the head ...

We present the first reported case in the English language literature of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the right tonsil in a young, pregnant woman, and we report a management strategy for this enigmatic entity. A 28-year-old, pregnant woman presented with a 10-day history of odynophagia despite a course of ...

Schistosoma japonicum infection associated with a rectal carcinoid in an asymptomatic 44-year-old female from the Philippines is described. A systematic review of the literature could not identify similar reports, suggesting a rare coincidence. However, epidemiological data on the frequency of both conditions as well as published results of a colorectal ...

OBJECTIVES: To present our experience in operated meningioma cases regarding their prevalence, anatomical location, multiplicity, presenting signs and symptoms, and the possible correlation between MRI signal intensity and histological grades to set criteria for radio-pathological diagnosis. METHODS: In this retrospective study, operated meningioma cases in the Department of Neurosurgery, Jordan ...

INTRODUCTION: Schwannoma also known as Neurilemoma is a benign neoplasm of the Schwann Cells of the neural sheath. They are usually found to occur in the extremities, but can also be found in the trunk, head and neck, pelvis, and rectum. It is seldom painful and usually remains small. It ...

Ovarian transposition into the uterine cavity to restore fertility, the so-called Estes operation, has rarely been performed worldwide. Malignant degeneration of such transposed ovaries has never been reported in the literature. We present a case of a borderline tumour arising in a transposed ovary after an Estes operation.

OBJECTIVE: We report an exceptional presentation of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the nasopharynx without bone marrow involvement or other characteristics of multiple myeloma. METHOD: Case report and a review of the world literature concerning the clinical presentation, histopathological features, optimal treatment and prognosis of nasopharyngeal extramedullary plasmacytoma. RESULTS: Reports of patients ...

Two cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) of the head and neck, an uncommon plasma cell neoplasm, were studied. Both patients had good outcomes and have been followed for 17 and 12 years without recurrence or systemic disease. In these two cases, the tumours measured were 4 cm and 0.3 cm, ...

This case report presents a young woman who underwent a Whipples resection for a large pan-creato-duodenal tumour. Pathology and immunohistochemical analysis of the tumour suggest duodenal fibrosarcoma. The patient's postoperative management was complicated by chylous ascites. A brief literature review is given to highlight this unusual case.

BACKGROUND: Castleman disease (CD) is a rare benign disorder characterised by hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue that may develop at a single site or throughout the body. The etiology of this disorder is unclear, although the histopathological presentation can be differentiated into a hyaline vascular variant, a plasma cell variant and ...

A 60 year old lady was referred to the Princess Alexandra Hospital (Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) tertiary Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Unit from a peripheral hospital for investigation and management of a tumour at the base of the tongue. Biopsy of the tumour revealed it to be an epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of ...

BACKGROUND: Gliomas are a very rare subtype of pineal region tumours, whereas oligodendrogliomas of the pineal region are exceedingly rare, since there have been only 3 cases of anaplastic oligodedrogliomas reported this far. METHODS-RESULTS: We present a case of a low-grade oligodendroglioma arising in the pineal gland of a 37 ...

Haemangiomas represent benign tumours of vascular origin. Cavernous haemangiomas are formed by cavernally widened irregular vascular spaces, lined with endothelia with no signs of atypia. In the fallopian tube haemangiomas are rare. In the available literature, only six cases were noted. We present a clinical and morphological case of a ...

Hemangiopericytomas (HPC) are rare, aggressive tumours that mostly involve the musculoskeletal system. They account for less than 1% of intracranial tumours. Intracranially, they are predominantly meningeal based and are thought to arise from the spindle cells (pericytes) in the vicinity of the blood vessels. We present a case of a ...

OBJECTIVE: We report two rare cases of high and dehiscent jugular bulbs protruding into the external ear canal; one case was silent, the other symptomatic. METHOD: The cases are presented and the relevant literature reviewed and discussed. RESULTS: A 52-year-old woman underwent mastoid exploration for suspected cholesteatoma. On raising the ...

A dural tail, which is a linear enhancement along the dura mater on contrast T1-weighted resonance images, is considered as a common and useful sign for distinguishing meningioma from other intracranial lesions. However, the specific nature of dura tail signs is still controversial. To the best of our knowledge, only ...

Benign central neurocytoma (CN) is a rare neuronal tumour of the central nervous system recognised since the early eighties. More than 300 articles have been published in the literature, mostly comprising of case reports and short series from individual specialties. These tumours, though normally benign, are more often likely to ...