Ovariectomized females were given an infusion in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of a viral vector carrying either a shRNA directed against the estrogen receptor α (ERα) or luciferase. The females were subjected to a test for sexual incentive motivation immediately followed by a test for receptivity and proceptive behaviors. ...

The use of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy in the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER) expressing breast carcinomas represents a major advance in personalized cancer treatment. Because there is no benefit (and indeed there is increased morbidity and mortality) associated with the use of tamoxifen therapy in ER-negative breast cancer, its use ...

The aim of this study was to develop an indoor rock-climbing test on an artificial wall (Fitclimbing test). Thirteen climbers (elite group (EG) = 6; recreational group (RG) = 7) performed the following tests: 1) familiarization in the Fit-climbing test; 2) the Fit-climbing test, and 3) a retest to evaluate ...

The popularity of rock climbing has resulted in a growing research base for the sport. However, at present there is a lack of sport-specific measures of performance in the field. The aim of this study was to examine the use of the powerslap test as a sport specific power measure. ...

This study was designed to assess the effects of Ramadan fasting on the profile of mood state and perceived exertion in young soccer players and aerobic and anaerobic performances during the Yo-Yo, repeated sprint ability (RSA) and the Wingate tests. Twenty junior male soccer players completed the Yo-Yo, the RSA, ...

Aim of the research was to study, by means of descriptive and multivariate analyses, whether, and how, learning influences the behavioral structure of rat response to pain. To this purpose, a hot-plate test daily repetition procedure was carried out on male Wistar rats for five days. A 6-day interval without ...

BACKGROUND: Patch testing to a standard screening series of allergens in combination with supplemental cosmetic allergens is often used to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis due to personal care products. OBJECTIVE: To report results of patch testing to skin care product allergens contained in a standard series and a supplemental cosmetic ...

The fragrance mix (FM I), established in 1977, detects the majority, but not all cases of contact allergy to fragrances. Based on European research 2002/2003, fragrance mix II (FM II) was developed to supplement FM I. In 2005, the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) added FM II to their ...

The prevalence of contact allergy to fragrance mix (FM) I varies from study to study, depending on factors such as test population, patch test material, and technique. To compare the outcome of routine patch testing with FM I TRUE Test and FM I Trolab. A total of 5006 consecutive eczema ...

Essential oils are used in perfumery and in products for aromatherapy or balneotherapy. Previous studies have shown some to be important contact sensitizers. A practical diagnostic approach, based on the results of a large, central European network and other evidence, is needed. Data of the Information Network of Departments of ...

J Oral Pathol Med (2011) 40: 10-13 Background:  Food-associated allergies, especially to benzoates and cinnamon-related compounds, have been associated with orofacial granulomatosis and both standard and urticarial patch testing have been used to detect such allergies. Elimination diets have also been shown to be effective in some patients. Objectives:  To ...

In groups of patients with formaldehyde allergy, many have positive patch tests to quaternium-15. Conversely, of patients allergic to quaternium-15, over half also react to formaldehyde. To test our hypothesis that patients with stronger patch test reactions to formaldehyde are more likely to react to quaternium-15, attesting to the aetiological ...

Few US studies have reported results of patch testing with plastics and glues. To report our institution's results of testing patients suspected of allergy to plastics and glues with a comprehensive plastics and glues series and to compare these results with previously published data. Retrospective review of results of patch-testing ...

Because atopic dermatitis (AD) patients differ from non-AD patients in immunologic responses (they lack β-defensins, are more likely to react to protein allergens, and are harder to experimentally sensitize to the nonprotein allergens), patch-test responses to commercially available patch test series may differ in AD patients. To compare responses to ...

Epicutaneous patch testing is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. Despite this knowledge, many clinical dermatologists do not offer patch testing in their offices or offer testing with only a limited number of allergens. Introduced in 1995, the Thin-Layer Rapid Use Epicutaneous Test originally contained ...

BACKGROUND: The Compositae plant feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) has long been recognized as an important sensitizer in European Compositae-allergic patients, mainly because of its content of the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide. Recently, a parthenolide-depleted feverfew extract with claimed anti-inflammatory properties has been developed for use in cosmetics. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the ...

Our clinical experience has suggested that the presently recommended patch-test concentration (1.0%) for formaldehyde in the baseline series might be too low. Therefore, consecutively patch-tested dermatitis patients were tested simultaneously with formaldehyde 1.0% and 2.0% (w/v) in aqua. Formaldehyde 1.0% and 2.0% were applied with a micro-pipette (15 microl) to ...

Ethosomes and liposomes are ultra-small vesicles capable of encapsulating drugs and cosmetic ingredients for topical use, thereby potentially increasing bioavailability and clinical efficacy. So far, few reports have suggested that formulation of cosmetic ingredients in vesicular carrier systems may increase the allergenicity potential. To investigate the effect of ethosome formulation ...

BACKGROUND: Contact allergy epidemics to chromate and nickel were addressed in Denmark in 1983 and 1990 by regulatory interventions. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether regulatory interventions on nickel and chromate exposure have reduced the proportion of strong patch test reactions. METHODS: 22 506 patients with dermatitis aged 4-99 years were patch ...

Currently, cosmetic series (Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Sweden) is the most widely used cosmetic-related patch test in Korea. However, no studies have been conducted on how accurately it reflects the constituents of the cosmetics in Korea. We surveyed the constituents of various cosmetics and compare with the cosmetic series, to investigate whether ...

BACKGROUND: Corticosteroid allergy is a complication of topical therapy detected by patch-testing with corticosteroid allergens. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: Ten-year retrospective review to study the prevalence and patterns of corticosteroid allergy in Thai patients. RESULTS: Of 882 patients who were patch-tested, 29 (3.29%) had allergic reactions to corticosteroids. Of these 29 ...

BACKGROUND: Positive patch test reactions to formaldehyde-releasers in patients co-reacting to formaldehyde are often ascribed to formaldehyde allergy. However, the formaldehyde content of patch test materials has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate and quantify free formaldehyde in commercial patch test materials and in prepared aqueous solutions of formaldehyde releasers. ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of allergy in patients with benign migratory glossitis (BMG) using patch and prick tests. Eighty patients (40 BMG and 40 healthy controls) received patch and prick tests. If at least one test result was positive, patients were considered to be ...

Objective: The patch test (PT) with its modification - the strip patch test (SPT) - is the standard in vivo procedure to diagnose an allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). To date, none of the in vitro tests for the diagnosis of ACD fulfils the requirements of an easy, valid and reliable ...

A release liner removal test is a valuable test for assessing the quality of a transdermal drug delivery system (i.e., TDDS, patch). This test measures the force required to remove the release liner from a patch. The objective of the present study was to establish sample preparation and instrument parameters ...

BACKGROUND: Patch testing detects delayed-type sensitizations and may show changes in prevalence over time. OBJECTIVES: To compare sensitization prevalence to our baseline series allergens during the years 2000-2004 to results from 1990 to 1994. METHODS: We analysed baseline patch test series allergens from 2000 through 2004. RESULTS: 4094 individuals were ...

Patch testing has rapidly become an important clinical allergy tool, but is underutilized in the evaluation of complex patients, especially when these patients have skin disorders and respiratory allergies, food allergies, or eosinophilic enteritis. Learning when and how to use patch tests thus adds to any practitioner's diagnostic abilities. This ...

BACKGROUND: Previously, a quantitative risk assessment suggested there was no risk of induction of fragrance allergy from minor residues of fragrance chemicals on washed fabrics. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there was any risk of the elicitation of contact allergy from fragrance chemical residues on fabric in individuals who were already ...

Respiratory type-IV hypersensitivity reactions due to corticosteroids is a rare phenomenon. We describe two such cases. The first is a 37- year-old atopic woman who developed labial angioedema and nasal itching after the use of budesonide nasal spray. A month later, after the first puffs of a formoterol/budesonide spray prescribed ...

BACKGROUND: A nation-wide Norwegian Patch Test Registry (NOLAR) was established in 2005 as a collaboration between six dermatology departments. International, multi-centre studies have documented great variability in the frequency of positive patch test reactions, considered as mainly due to heterogeneity of test populations. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the variability of positive ...

BACKGROUND: As a modification of patch testing, the strip patch test was established to obtain more sensitive and reliable test results. Comparative data on diagnostic accuracy for both tests are missing. OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of strip patch tests and patch tests in detecting sensitizations in patients with ...

We report on the first case identifying colophony as a hidden allergen in declared acrylate-based conductive and adhesive foam electrodes. This surgery was followed by continuous electrocardiogram monitoring. The patch tests showed strong positive reactions to colophony. The presence of colophony on the electrocardiogram electrodes was not declared, but it ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether screening for food hypersensitivity could be a clinically useful biomarker for eosinophilic duodenitis in the pediatric population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with functional dyspepsia and 19 controls with no significant history of gastrointestinal or allergic disorders were enrolled. Participants ...

BACKGROUND: Doubtful late patch-test readings are often not considered clinically relevant. As a result, allergens with doubtful late readings may not be disclosed to the patient, and relevant allergens may not be avoided. We hypothesize that doubtful late reactions at a day 7 reading may be relevant. OBJECTIVE: We compared ...

BACKGROUND: The positivity ratio (PR) and reaction index (RI) characterize the ability of patch-test preparations to produce strong (++ or +++) reactions as opposed to weak (+), questionable, or irritant reactions. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates these measures for North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) patch-test preparations. METHODS: The PR and ...

It was the aim of the study to evaluate the suitability of the probe tack test as a method of predicting the long-term adhesion properties of transdermal patches to human skin. Twelve different types of polyacrylate pressure sensitive adhesives have been characterized using the probe tack test. For the analysis ...

On contact with the skin, nickel may cause allergic contact dermatitis, which can be diagnosed by an epicutaneous patch test. Nickel exposure via the intestinal mucosa can induce diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swelling. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between these symptoms and nickel intake ...

Torsional vibration testing requires pure torsional mode transduction. However, no reliable technique is available for exciting torsional vibrations in ferromagnetic cylinders for a relatively wide range of frequencies. A magnetostrictive patch bonding excitation method developed for nonferromagnetic cylinders, based on the magnetostrictive principle, may be considered for ferromagnetic cylinders. However, ...

AIM: The pharmacokinetic profiles of the two commercially available transdermal fentanyl patches Matrifen (100 microg/h) and Durogesic DTrans (100 microg/h), used to manage severe chronic pain, were compared regarding their systemic exposure, rate of absorption, and safety. METHODS: Transdermal matrix fentanyl patches [Matrifen or Durogesic DTrans (100 microg/h)] were applied ...

Telethermography (TT) is a non-invasive imaging technique which can be used to evaluate the body's thermal gradients. It has recently been used as a diagnostic tool in many medical fields, especially in the study of the skin and other external organs. We assessed the applicability of TT in the objective ...

BACKGROUND: Among the textile dyes, disperse dyes are common sensitizers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether patch testing with a textile dye mix consisting of eight disperse dyes would be equivalent to testing with the separate ingredients of the mix at the concentrations used in the mix. METHODS: Researchers tested 1,780 consecutive ...

BACKGROUND: Methyl 2-octynoate is a synthetic fragrance which was first described to have sensitizing properties in 1935. It is one of the 26 fragrances to be labelled on the ingredient list according to current European cosmetics regulation. OBJECTIVES: To report the experience with patch testing with methyl 2-octynoate 1% and ...

Patients sensitized to para-phenylenediamine (PPD) by semi-permanent tattoos increasingly develop threatening allergic reactions in response to black hair dye. The gold standard to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis is to perform epicutaneous patch tests, however, iatrogenic sensitizations and severe patch test reactions to PPD have been described, the latter especially in ...

BACKGROUND: Linalool is a widely used fragrance terpene. Pure linalool is not allergenic or a very weak allergen, but autoxidizes on air exposure and the oxidation products can cause contact allergy. Oxidized (ox.) linalool has previously been patch tested at a concentration of 2.0% in petrolatum (pet.) in 1511 patients, ...

The basic idea of the strip patch test (SPT), a modification of the conventional patch test (PT), is to increase the bioavailability of a test substance in the deeper epidermal cell layers by defined tape stripping of the test area on the back prior to a PT. In a prospective, ...

BACKGROUND: Contact allergy is the most frequent type of allergy, affecting 26-40% of all adults and 21-36% children. The gold standard in the diagnosis of contact allergy is patch test. OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of the range and composition of patch test series on the efficacy of the diagnostic ...

We report a case of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) after cefotaxime use confirmed by a positive patch test. A 30-year-old woman received cefotaxime, fosfomycin and ciprofloxacin for sinusitis. Twelve days after drug initiation, she developed an extending pustular erythema associated with fever. Laboratory investigations showed marked leukocytosis. His blood ...

In occupational dermatology, repeat patch testing is a frequent occurrence when an expert opinion is required. As a result, discrepancies in test results may affect the legal position in respect of insurance and a reduction in the level of disability. The strip patch test (SPT) supports the diagnosis of allergic ...

BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis is common and can be prevented. The relationship between thresholds for patch tests and the repeated open application test (ROAT) is unclear. It would be desirable if patch test and ROAT data from already sensitized individuals could be used in prevention. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to ...

BACKGROUND: The methylphenidate transdermal system (MTS) (Daytrana [Shire Pharmaceuticals Ireland Ltd., Wayne, PA]) has been shown to be well tolerated and effective; however, skin reactions, typically redness and itching, have also been noted with MTS use. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the irritancy threshold of methylphenidate ...