Salivary gland choristoma (heterotopic salivary gland tissue) is a rare condition typically seen in the newborn period. This developmental heterotopia is generally nonprogressive, with little risk of malignant transformation. We present the second known reported case of a salivary gland choristoma located on the anterior chest wall. Knowledge of this ...

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) is a recently described salivary gland tumor characterized by ETV6 translocation. It appears that prior studies have identified MASC by reviewing salivary gland carcinomas, such as acinic cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified. To address the possibility of MASC mimicking benign salivary neoplasms we ...

In this article, we present a review of the literature, and we focus on 2 particular cases of cancer of the salivary glands accessory in pediatric patients The accessory parotid is the site of congenital and acquired lesions. In adults, the acquired lesions are often neoplastic and are usually similar ...

A clinically healthy 16-yr-old female leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) was diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus on echocardiography and later confirmed on necropsy A murmur was heard on auscultation during a routine examination, and the congenital defect was an incidental finding. The animal had been asymptomatic its entire life. This ...

The major salivary glands consist of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. Most neoplasms in other subsites in the head and neck are squamous cell carcinoma, but tumors of the salivary glands may be benign or malignant. Surgical treatment differs if the lesion is benign, and therefore preoperative fine needle ...

Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malign tumour which arises from cells committed to a skeletal muscle lineage. It constitutes 4%-8% of all childhood malignancies but is rare in adults. The rare pleomorphic subtype occurs almost exclusively in adults and most often involves the extremities. RMS of the hand or foot ...

The occurrence of lymphoepithelial carcinoma in the oral cavity is extremely rare and a case with involvement of minor salivary glands is very uncommon. We describe a case of LELC of the oral cavity with involvement of the upper lip and of minor salivary glands. The tumour was described at ...

The differential diagnosis of bilateral parotid gland enlargement in children includes infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders. We present the case of a 13-year-old male who presented with a 5-week history of bilateral parotid swelling. On exam, both parotid glands were nontender, smooth, and diffusely enlarged. He had slightly elevated inflammatory ...

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology is a standardized reporting system for classifying thyroid fine-needle aspiration results comprising of 6 diagnostic categories with unique risks of malignancy and recommendations for clinical management. The majority of thyroid nodules are benign; however, up to 30% of fine-needle aspiration of thyroid nodule ...

Cystic Echinococcosis is a parasitic infestation that is distributed world-wide. It may be found in nearly any part of the body, most often in the liver and the lungs, but occasionally in other structures such as the thyroid gland. The present study reports three cases of hydatid cysts of the ...

Objective: The importance of identifying papillary carcinoma or lymphoma amidst background Hashimoto's/lymphocytic thyroiditis (H/LT) is well documented. However, avoidance of overdiagnosing neoplasms on thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with only H/LT has not been adequately addressed. Study Design: This study aimed to identify cytomorphologic features leading to overdiagnosing neoplasms within background ...

Background: The expanding use of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG PET) has led to the identification of increasing numbers of patients with an incidentaloma in the thyroid gland. We aimed to review the proportion of incidental thyroid cancers found by (18)F-FDG PET or PET/computed tomography imaging. Methods: Studies evaluating thyroid ...

Thyroid nodules are common and clinical guidelines delineate an algorithmic approach including serum TSH measurement, diagnostic ultrasound examination and when appropriate, fine needle aspiration biopsy for determination of a benign versus malignan status. In clinical practice, approximately 20% of FNA-derived cytology reports are classified as "indeterminate" or follicular nodules that ...

Background: Thyroid nodules in pediatric patients may carry a greater risk for malignancy than in adults. Most nodules >1 cm in patients ≤21 years of age may require thyroidectomy for definitive diagnosis and treatment. Although clinic-based ultrasound (CBUS) has been shown useful in the evaluation of thyroid nodules in adults, its ...

Background: We report a case of hypopharyngeal swelling secondary to a spontaneous thyroid cyst haemorrhage. Haemorrhage is a known complication of thyroid cysts, and usually presents as external swelling and localised pain. Case report: A 93-year-old woman developed hypopharyngeal swelling, dysphagia and odynophagia. A computed tomography scan was consistent with ...

Objective: To provide information on molecular biomarkers that can help assess cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.Methods: Published studies on immunohistologic, somatic mutation, gene expression classifier, microRNA, and thyrotropin receptor messenger RNA biomarkers are reviewed, and commercially available molecular test panels are described.Results: Thyroid nodules are common, and clinical guidelines delineate an ...

We made a prospective study evaluating the prevalence of thyroid nodular disease in acromegalic patients. Thyroid ultrasound and ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy were performed when nodules were detected. Nodules were characterized by cytology and histopathology. We found high prevalence of nodular thyroid disorder, 23/34 (67%) in acromegalic patients. High ...

Thyroid nodules are very common in the general population, but only 5% are malignant. We report the case of a man presenting with nodular goiter, and multiple swellings over the scalp and arm, with pathological fractures. On evaluation by fine needle aspiration, these swellings were found to be metastases from ...

Recent increases in the number of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNAs) biopsies and the popularity of on-site evaluation for adequacy (OSEA) have led many practices, including ours, to rely on cytotechnologists for performing OSEA. We retrospectively analyzed the accuracy of a cytotechnologist against that of a cytopathologist in performing OSEA and ...

Approximately 15 to 30% of thyroid nodules evaluated by means of fine-needle aspiration are not clearly benign or malignant. Patients with cytologically indeterminate nodules are often referred for diagnostic surgery, though most of these nodules prove to be benign. A novel diagnostic test that measures the expression of 167 genes ...

Thyroid nodules are uncommon in childhood and recurrent thyroid nodules even rarer. Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE), a rare and distinctive low-grade neoplasm is amongst the differential diagnosis of solitary thyroid nodule in children. We describe a boy who underwent completion thyroidectomy for SETTLE in the thyroid remnant ...

To evaluate the efficacy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculation in differentiation between malignant and benign thyroid nodules. A prospective study was conducted in 52 patients. Diffusion-weighted echoplanar imaging was performed and b factors were taken as 0 and 400 s/mm(2). The mean ADC value for malignant thyroid nodules was ...

G. C. H. Yang, A. M. Schreiner and W. Sun Can abundant colloid exclude oncocytic (Hürthle cell) carcinoma in thyroid fine needle aspiration? Cytohistological correlation of 127 oncocytic (Hürthle cell) lesions Objective:  The objective of the present study was to find out whether the presence or absence of certain cytological ...

Sampling of solitary thyroid nodules (STNs) is a common procedure performed for cytological diagnosis. The easiest and safest method is ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB). This technique is usually performed under local anaesthesia in an office setting. In contrast, sampling a substernal STN could prove to be more ...

We report a young woman with sudden and severe retroorbital headache, neck pain, and a large sellar mass extending to the suprasellar cistern. A presumptive diagnosis of non-secreting pituitary macroadenoma undergoing apoplexy was made and transphenoidal surgery performed. Histopathology revealed mononuclear infiltration and marked non-hemorrhagic necrosis of the anterior pituitary ...

Published data suggest that the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) is valuable in directing therapy of thyroid nodules. Literature examining the effect of the BSRTC on management when compared with pre BSRTC is lacking, however. This study evaluates the impact of applying the BSRTC retrospectively to a series ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate real-time shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWE) for characterizing focal thyroid lesions in routine clinical practice. METHODS: Seventy-four patients with 81 focal thyroid lesions undergoing conventional US with needle cytology also underwent SWE. Absolute and relative SWE stiffness measurements on colour-coded elastograms were correlated with cytology and their ...

BACKGROUND: The risk of radiation-induced benign and malignant thyroid nodules is well known. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of thyroid nodules and carcinomas after fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) preceding hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for malignant hematologic disease during childhood. METHODS: We conducted ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate color-Doppler features predictive of focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 521 patients with 561 thyroid nodules that underwent surgeries or gun biopsies were included in this study. These nodules were divided into three groups: focal Hashimoto's thyroiditis (104 nodules in 101 patients), benignity other ...

A 70-year-old woman was admitted to our department for investigation and treatment of a progressively enlarging multinodular goiter and a fast growing mass infiltrating the sternum. The patient was euthyroid, but computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography showed a mass in the anterior mediastinum infiltrating the sternum, with a dominant nodule ...

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer, whereas mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the thyroid gland is uncommon. Simultaneous occurrence of both disease entities is very rare. Patient findings: A 59-year-old man with known hypothyroidism from Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) was seen for thyroid ...

A form of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing changes and increased numbers of IgG4-positive plasma cells has recently been reported in the literature. These histopathological features suggest that this subtype of Hashimoto's thyroiditis may be closely related to IgG4-related disease. Therefore, this unique form of IgG4-related Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which is ...

ABSTRACT: The finding of thyroid nodules is a very common occurrence in routine clinical practice. Approximately 5% to 7% of the entire population have thyroid nodules. Vascular lesions are one of the most controversial issues in thyroid pathology. These include benign lesions such as hemangiomas and, rarely, malignant tumors such ...

The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology formulated in 2007 has standardized reporting of thyroid cytology specimens and streamlined management algorithms. Although 3 of the categories (benign, malignant, and nondiagnostic) are standardized and improved, the remaining 3 (follicular lesion of undetermined significance, follicular neoplasm, and suspicious for malignancy) remain fraught ...

Objectives- This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elasticity imaging for differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid lesions. Methods- Hospitalized patients needing thyroid surgery were evaluated. After routine thyroid sonography, the patients underwent ARFI elasticity imaging. Virtual Touch tissue imaging (VTI) and Virtual ...

The columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (CCV-PTC) is a rare subtype of PTC that exhibits morphologic features often described as reminiscent of secretory endometrium or colonic adenomas/adenocarcinomas. CDX2, a nuclear transcription factor, is important for intestinal development. It is normally expressed in intestinal epithelium and is also detected ...

First reported by Nager in 1927, unilateral vocal cord paralysis associated with thyroid disease suggests the malignant and irreversible nature of the thyroid lesion. This condition is rarely seen in benign thyroid diseases, and the function of the vocal cord does not usually return. We present a 54-year-old woman with ...

Background: The expanding use of 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) has led to the identification of increasing numbers of patients with an incidentaloma in the thyroid gland. We aimed to review the proportion of incidental thyroid cancers found by 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT imaging. Methods: Studies evaluating thyroid carcinomas ...

OBJECTIVE: diagnosing thyroid nodules preoperatively using traditional diagnostic tools -ultrasonography (US) and cytology - still carries a considerable degree of uncertainty and surgery is recommended for a far from negligible number of patients simply for diagnostic purposes. Thyroid elastosonography (USE) and BRAF analysis have recently proved useful in detecting thyroid ...

Measurement of gene expression levels in thyroid tumor cells in aspirates was difficult because it is interfered with peripheral blood cells or infiltrating lymphocytes. In this study, we established a novel method to separate thyroid tumor cells from blood cells efficiently with mesh filtration. The expression level of TFF3 mRNA ...

A 4 year-old girl was referred for CT of her neck for suspected submental lymphadenopathy and was found to have an incidental low-attenuation thyroid mass. Subsequent thyroid ultrasound showed a heterogeneous thyroid mass with punctate areas of increased echogenicity. Cytologic examination was consistent with ectopic intrathyroidal thymic nodule. We review ...

Context:Ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the most reliable nonsurgical test for distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules. However, there is no consensus on which nodules should undergo FNAB.Aims:The aims of this study were to evaluate the utility of US-guided FNAB in the diagnostic assessment of nodules with or ...

Background: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a simple technique for the investigation of suspicious thyroid nodules. However, low success rates are reported in the literature. The aim of this prospective study was to compare the clinical performance and impact of an automatic aspirator, referred to here as Aspirator 3, to ...

Abstract Background: Guidelines from the National Cancer Institute Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration State of the Science Conference recommend repeat fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) after three months for thyroid nodules with a non-diagnostic (ND) result. Our aims were to assess which factors influenced clinical management and to determine if the ...

Background: Thyroid nodules in pediatric patients may carry a greater risk for malignancy than in adults. Most nodules > 1cm in patients  21 years of age may require thyroidectomy for definitive diagnosis and treatment. Although clinic based ultrasound (CBUS) has been shown useful in the evaluation of thyroid nodules ...

Extra-osseous Ewing sarcomas/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (EOES/pPNETs) are high-grade malignant tumors found in various organs, such as the lung, skin, intestine, kidney and female genital tract; however, to the best of our knowledge, only two cases have previously been identified in the thyroid gland. We describe a case of primary ...

To determine the prevalence of thyroid incidentalomas detected by time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography (TRMRA) and to evaluate their clinical significance by using an ultrasonographic (US) and cytologic correlation. We retrospectively reviewed 2010 consecutive TRMRA examinations performed at our institution between August 2006 and April 2010. The TRMRA findings of thyroid ...

Objective. The purpose of this study is to determine if crawling wave elastography, a novel sonoelastography technique, can be used to provide quantitative measurements of thyroid tissue shear velocity (a measure of tissue stiffness) and distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Study Design. Diagnostic test assessment.Setting. Academic university.Subjects and Methods. ...

Thyroid nodules are very common and fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a very sensitive means of diagnosis. However, its limitations include the fact that the cytology reports are often indeterminate or suspicious only. The quest for adjunctive measures to improve its specificity has been ongoing for decades, but significant results ...

A 31-year-old man presented with acute onset of paraplegia. The patient's history was significant for thyroid carcinoma that had been treated 2 years earlier by thyroidectomy. A magnetic resonance imaging scan showed an enhancing intramedullary lesion at T7-8. Patient underwent surgical treatment and a tumor with hematoma was resected via ...