Small synovial cysts are a common manifestation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis; large brachial cysts, however, are a rare sign of the disease and they must be differentiated from other soft tissue swelling which are not related to articular involvement. We describe the case of three children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis ...

A 4-mo-old, juvenile roan antelope (Hippotragus equinus) presented for an acute and progressive lameness of the left hind limb, which was non-responsive to anti-inflammatory medication. The antelope was anesthetized for examination, radiography, and lab work. The left stifle joint had limited range of motion and was markedly swollen on physical ...

Sporotrichosis is a generally cutaneous, granulomatous, chronic and benign infection. Less frequently the disease may affect the joints. Articular involvement is usually characterized by monoarthritis in the absence of systemic symptoms, generally preceded by skin lesions, and frequently affects immunosuppressed individuals. We describe here the case of a healthy patient ...

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging has made it possible to detect asymptomatic lesions of osteonecrosis of the femoral head before abnormalities appear on plain radiographs. The extent of a necrotic lesion is known to be an important prognostic factor. In this study, we evaluated the fate of untreated asymptomatic osteonecrosis of ...

OBJECTIVES: To develop evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis of hand osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: The multidisciplinary guideline development group, representing 15 European countries, generated 10 key propositions regarding diagnosis using a Delphi consensus approach. For each recommendation, research evidence was searched for systematically. Whenever possible, the sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratio ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of intra-articular pathology in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy immediately before modified Latarjet reconstruction for recurrent anterior instability with bone deficiency. METHODS: The records of 33 consecutive patients who underwent shoulder arthroscopy immediately before the modified Latarjet reconstruction were analyzed. ...

Synovial lipomatosis is an uncommon intraarticular lesion rarely affecting the pediatric age group. Also known as Lipoma Arborescens (LA), it is characterized by extensive villous proliferation of the synovial membrane and hyperplasia of subsynovial fat. The etiology of this condition remains unknown. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis ...

A review of spontaneous bone and joint lesions in female aging NIH Black Swiss mice (Cr:NIH BL[S]) revealed a high incidence of fibro-osseous lesions (FOL; 89%) and degenerative joint lesions (90%). FOL was characterized by the replacement of bone marrow by fibrovascular tissue and was first seen at 59 weeks ...

Posterior knee discomfort and recurrent effusion of the left knee occurred in a 49-year-old man without a history of specific trauma. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and an arthroscopic examination revealed a soft tissue mass arising from the posterolateral capsule. The microscopic diagnosis was a fibroma, which is a rare entity ...

There is only 1 previous report of synovial metastasis to a joint that has been replaced. A 73-year-old man presented for investigation of continuing pain after a left total knee arthroplasty with normal plain radiographs. Synovial biopsy revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma of colorectal type. A barium enema and flexible sigmoidoscopy showed ...

The objective of the study is to describe two cases of proximal tibiofibular ganglion cysts in high level athletes. In May 2003 and March 2005 two athletes (one tennis player in the top eighty of the Italian national ranking and a gymnast belonging to the Italian rhythmic gymnastics national team) ...

In humans, partial-thickness cartilage lesions frequently result in premature osteoarthritis. While rabbits often are used as a model for partial-thickness cartilage lesions, the natural course of cartilage surrounding such a lesion is largely unknown. We developed a rabbit model of a chronic partial-thickness cartilage defect and asked whether these defects ...

Articular cartilage is a challenging tissue to reconstruct or replace principally because of its avascular nature; large chondral lesions in the tissue do not spontaneously heal. Where lesions do penetrate the bony subchondral plate, formation of hematomas and the migration of mesenchymal stem cells provide an inferior and transient fibrocartilagenous ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to get information on post mortem diagnoses of sows found dead or euthanised and to understand the diagnoses aetiology (causative background). Moreover, the study was to evaluate the association between the clinical symptoms observed on farm and post mortem findings. METHODS: A large ...

Osteochondral lesions of the talus can present as a late complication of ankle injuries. As the talus is largely covered by articular cartilage, it has a limited ability for repair. Early and accurate diagnosis is important as talar integrity is required for optimal function of the ankle. The common presentation ...

Inflammatory or degenerative pathology involving the vertebral bodies and/or ventral intervertebral joints has been described in numerous species, both captive and free ranging, including mammals, birds, and snakes, although never in amphibians. We described 15 cases of a newly recognized spinal arthropathy in adult cane toads (Chaunus [Bufo] marinus), an ...

BACKGROUND: Joint lesions occur widespread in the Danish sow population and they are the most frequent cause for euthanasia. Clinically, it is generally impossible to differentiate between various types of non-inflammatory joint lesions. Consequently, it is often necessary to perform a post mortem examination in order to diagnose these lesions. ...

We conducted an anatomical study of arthroscopic surgery for lateral epicondylitis. Currently, the pathogenesis suggests that lateral epicondylitis is caused by extra-articular lesions or intra-articular lesions. We anatomically and histologically examined the relationship between extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), articular capsules, and the lateral collateral ligament complex (LCLC). In addition, ...

This case demonstrates a yet unreported clinical entity of bilateral tophaceous cystic lesions of the tibiotalar joints of an 37-year-old white male who presents with moderate painful swelling in both upper ankle joints for 2 years. Radiodiagnostic studies show cystic lesions in both upper ankle joints and the right talus ...

INTRODUCTION: The superior labral anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesion is a cause of chronic shoulder pain and significant disability. This study aims to review the distribution of types of SLAP lesions, associated lesions and the outcome of arthroscopic management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This series involved all 33 patients who underwent ...

We report a case of 45-year-old male who presented with polyarthritis and posterior uveitis. He was given azathioprine (AZA) 150 mg day(-1) and methyl-prednisolone 48 mg day(-1) for his uveitis and polyarthritis. Eye and joint complaints improved with these medications within 1 month. Three months later, while he was on ...

Acute gouty arthritis typically presents with rapid development of severe joint pain, swelling, and tenderness that reaches its maximum within just 6-12 h, especially with overlying erythema, most classically in the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Demonstrating the presence of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joint fluid or tophus has been ...

Brucellar septic arthritis has become extremely rare in Western developed countries since bovine brucellosis has been successfully eradicated. Nevertheless, we should remain vigilant for this disease, as brucellosis is still endemic in many parts of the world. The authors present the rare manifestation of a brucellar septic arthritis of the ...

INTRODUCTION: Osteochondroma is the most common bone tumour and is usually found around the knee. Typical presentations range form painless masses around the joint to mechanical irritation caused by direct pressure over surrounding muscles. Snapping of the knee caused by an osteochondroma however has not been described in literature. METHOD: ...

BACKGROUND: Gout is known to mimic conditions as diverse as joint and soft tissue infections, skin malignancies, nerve compression syndromes and soft tissue tumours. Upper limb involvement is unusual. OBJECTIVE: We discuss four cases of gout in the hand and wrist masquerading as a soft tissue tumour, nodular extensor tenosynovitis, ...

Neutrophilic panniculitis is rare and is classified as a panniculitic member of the neutrophilic dermatoses spectrum. In affected patients, an underlying systemic disease, such as myelodysplasia, is often present. We describe an infant with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who developed neutrophilic panniculitis. Neutrophilic panniculitis clinically mimics other panniculitides and biopsy specimen ...

We present a patient who developed a peroneal intraneural ganglion and an adventitial cyst following the incomplete treatment of a tibial intraneural ganglion. These separate cysts all originated from the superior tibiofibular joint and dissected along their respective articular branches. A logical mechanistic explanation for these coexisting cysts is provided, ...

Lipoma arborescens is a rare benign fat-containing synovial proliferative lesion that is typically known to affect the knee joint in adults. We present the first case of lipoma arborescens of the ankle joint in an adult patient with involvement of the intra-articular synovium as well as the synovial sheath of ...

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) occurs in the knee more frequently than other joints. Most cases involve diffuse PVNS while the localized type is relatively rare. This report describes a patient who had PVNS and a lateral meniscus injury which induced locking symptoms in the knee. A closed reduction of the ...

Osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle is fairly rare. We describe a case of this lesion in a 52-year-old woman who presented with symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Although a panoramic radiograph demonstrated the bony exostosis, a pre-operative CT examination showed the relationship of the tumour to the condyle and also ...

We describe a 65-year-old male who presented with unilateral sacroiliitis as the first manifestation of metastatic prostatic carcinoma. When progressive symptoms are unresponsive to conventional therapy, a reconsideration of the diagnosis is necessary with appropriate further imaging studies. We discuss the differential diagnosis of sacroiliitis including, mechanisms of joint involvement ...

Synovial cysts are well-defined fluid filled cysts that can extend for a variable distance outside the joint space. These cysts can sometimes grow to a large size making its treatment challenging especially when associated with intra-articular pathologies. We describe a case of giant synovial cyst arising from the left knee ...

It has been suggested that bone marrow edema-like (BME) lesions in the knee are associated with progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of our study in patients with OA was to evaluate prospectively changes of BME lesions over 2 years and their relationship with clinical features. Magnetic resonance (MR) images ...

For some atypical para-articular ganglia, the presence of a joint connection is highly controversial. The proper preoperative diagnosis and identification of this joint connection for ganglion cysts is important for patient treatment and outcome. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when evaluating such lesions, but the detection of subtle ...

The authors report on a 51-year-old woman with a 9-year history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who presented with symptomatic rheumatoid nodules in the lumbar extradural region with compression on the L-5 nerve roots bilaterally. She had also suffered from dysesthesia in the right lower leg and intermittent claudication. Magnetic resonance ...

Although ganglion cysts have been reported to arise from almost any joint, those arising from the glenohumeral joint producing an axillary mass are extremely rare. We report what we believe to be the eighth such case and describe its management. The unusual differential diagnosis and aids to diagnosis of axillary ...

Synovial hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor. While mainly affecting the knee, it can also appear in other joints or tissues. The condition is very rare in children. A delay between debut and diagnosis due to its unspecific symptomatology is common. We report a case of a boy affected by ...

This review on joint aspiration and injection focuses on three common clinical problems: how to deal with 'dry taps', especially when a septic joint is suspected in the differential diagnosis; how to avoid rare complications associated with these techniques; and how to reduce pain in patients who are particularly sensitive. ...

OBJECT: The pathogenesis of intraneural ganglia has been a controversial issue for longer than a century. Recently the authors identified a stereotypical pattern of occurrence of peroneal and tibial intraneural ganglia, and based on an understanding of their pathogenesis provided a unifying articular explanation. Atypical features, which occasionally are observed, ...

Synovial fluid caused by repeated effusions may replete the gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa (GSB) communicating with the knee joint. Fluid trapped inside the GSB through an alleged unidirectional valve-like mechanism forms a so-called Baker's cyst. Since a significant association of Baker's cysts with knee joint disorders has been reported, treatment should primarily ...

The majority of acromioclavicular joint cysts are the manifestation of underlying pathology of the rotator cuff. A chronic rotator cuff tear should be the first option in differential diagnosis, when facing such a condition, although this is not always the case. A case of a 67-year-old male patient, who abruptly ...

The localized nodular synovitis is a benign proliferative synovial tumor manifesting as an intra-articular solitary nodule. We report a case of localized nodular synovitis at the infrapatellar fat pad of the knee which presented as a vague symptom of anterior knee pain. An arthroscopic excision of the lesion relieved the ...

Although most glenohumeral cartilaginous lesions are incidental findings and well tolerated, a symptomatic cartilage injury in a young, active individual remains a challenge. The diagnosis of this symptomatic lesion is difficult, and is usually only arrived at once other shoulder comorbidities and sources of glenohumeral pain are ruled out. Once ...

BACKGROUND: Considerable debate exists over the use of radiofrequency-based chondroplasty to treat partial-thickness chondral defects of the knee. This study used second-look arthroscopy to evaluate cartilage defects previously treated with bipolar radiofrequency-based chondroplasty. HYPOTHESIS: Partial-thickness articular cartilage lesions treated with bipolar radiofrequency-based chondroplasty will show no progressive deterioration. STUDY DESIGN: ...

Osteoid osteoma is a benign, osteoblastic and painful tumoral lesion. Apart from en-bloc resection, intralesional resection and percutaneous excision or destruction of the nidus, arthroscopic removal of the lesion in intraarticular locations have been reported. We present a patient with osteoid osteoma at distal femur which is accessible through knee ...

The differential diagnosis for monoarticular arthritis is extensive. Patient omissions from the history can compound this broad diagnostic dilemma. A case report is presented of a 32-year-old female with an eight-month history of isolated right first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) pain, after exhaustive, non-specific diagnostic evaluation. An open biopsy was performed, ...

Lesions in the meniscus occur particularly in young, active patients in the nonvascularized area which, consequently have a bad intrinsic healing capacity. This has a large impact on the mobility and function of the knee joint. Lesions, and partial lesions, lead to the progression of osteoarthritis over time in a ...

Meniscal cysts begin with extrusion of synovial fluid through a tear of the meniscus, enlarging probably as a result of a one-way valve effect of the tear flap. We describe a technique of arthroscopic internal marsupialization of meniscal cysts with or without meniscectomy. A 5 mm channel was created in ...

Peripatellar lesions causing knee pain include cellulitis, bursitis, synovitis, septic arthritis and patellar osteomyelitis. We present here two cases of patellar osteomyelitis which were misdiagnosed as prepatellar bursitis. Operative treatment was required for these lesions. Patellar osteomyelitis should always be considered when treating a peripatellar lesion, although it is very ...

The treatment of osteochondritis dissecans lesions remains controversial. Twelve adolescent patients, with average 6-year follow-up, underwent compression screw fixation of unstable Cahill Type-2C osteochondritis dissecans lesions. Postoperatively, patients were evaluated with several functional tests and scoring systems, including Lysholm, IKDC, and KOOS. All lesions healed, and no clinical or radiographic ...