Congenital homocysteinemia is a genetic disease with various clinical manifestations such as thrombosis, lens dislocation and mental retardation and osteoporosis, so early diagnosis is important for decreasing the mortality and morbidity especially in pediatric populations. Here we describe a child with a presentation of coma with a past history of ...

BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein E (apoE) levels have been shown to be elevated in pleural effusion of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the diagnostic value of apoE in pleural effusion in NSCLC has not been well validated and established. METHODS: Samples of malignant pleural effusions (MPE) and benign effusions ...

AIMS: Both lupus panniculitis (LP) and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) are characterized by subcutaneous lobular lymphocytic infiltrates, and they are sometimes difficult to differentiate. Recently, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) were found to be present in various types of cutaneous lupus erythematosus lesions, including LP, and are supposed to play ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the amoebicidal efficacy of protamine with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). METHODS: The International Organization for Standardization 14729:2001 procedure was modified to test amoebicidal activity. Acanthamoeba cells were inoculated into dilutions of protamine alone (57 to 228 μM) or in combination with PHMB/EDTA and ...

Bilateral persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) is a rare disorder of eye. It is one of the most important differential diagnoses of retinoblastoma, hence early and accurate diagnosis is important. We here report a case of an 11-month-old child which was referred to ocular OPD with complaints of bilateral leukocoria. ...

Besnoitia tarandi has been documented in free-ranging reindeer and caribou (Rangifer tarandus spp.) since 1922 throughout their arctic and subarctic ranges; however, very little is known about its epidemiology. We evaluated variables associated with B. tarandi prevalence and cyst density with the use of barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus) from two ...

Key Words: Serum lipid levels; Biliary obstruction; Malignancy. Background/Aims: We aimed to investigate the alterations in serum lipid levels due to biliary obstruction associated with benign and malignant cases. Also, we aimed to examine the possibility of the theory that extremely high serum lipid levels can predict the malignant biliary ...

The aim of the study was to estimate the current prevalence of advanced cutaneous malignant melanoma in 2010 in the USA and to project prevalence estimates to the year 2015. An excel-based, multicohort natural disease history model was developed. It used incidence, recurrence, all-cause mortality, and US population data from ...

To evaluate the prevalence of primary iris and/or ciliary body cysts in eyes with shallow anterior chamber and their effect on the narrowing of the anterior chamber angle. Among the general physical check-up population, subjects with shallow anterior chambers, as judged by van Herick technique, were recruited for further investigation. ...

In this study, we have determined serum neopterin levels in female dogs with primary malignant mammary tumours. The study involved 50 female dogs which had a malignant mammary tumours removed surgically (32 animals with carcinoma, 12 animals with sarcoma and 6 animals with carcinosarcoma) and 10 clinically healthy female dogs. ...

Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is a reliable tumour marker in follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). A positive correlation between Tg level and tumour mass was recently observed, but no attempts were made to derive a numerical relation. The aim of this study was to derive a numerical relationship ...

  The aim of this study was to summarize the clinical features of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and review the advances in the differential diagnosis with pancreatic carcinoma, thus help to make a correct diagnosis and avoid unnecessary surgery in clinical practice.   Five patients diagnosed as AIP in accordance with ...

Extramedullary plasmacytoma occurring as a primary pulmonary lesion is rare. The present report describes a 42-year-old Chinese man diagnosed with primary pulmonary plasmacytoma following left lower lobectomy. Of note, an extremely rare immunoglobulin G lambda paraprotein was documented in the patient's serum by immunofixation electrophoresis. The patient has been well, ...

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) represents the most common autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease. BP typically affects the elderly and is associated with significant morbidity. It has usually a chronic course with spontaneous exacerbations. The cutaneous manifestations of BP can be extremely protean. While diagnosis of BP in the bullous stage is straightforward, ...

To investigate the decisive role of preoperative serum thrombopoietin levels in the discrimination of benign and malignant ovarian pathologies and its value in the evaluation of treatment response. Fifty patients with diagnoses of adnexal masses (25 benign, 25 malignant) were included in the study. Blood samples were collected from all ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of tumour markers in the differential diagnosis of pericardial effusions and to assess their changing levels during follow up. Sixty-nine patients who were admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of pericardial effusion were included in the study. Serum tumour markers ...

PURPOSE: Lymph node enlargement in the neck is a common presentation of malignant lymphoma (ML) and requires tissue sampling for accurate diagnosis. Although delayed diagnosis may be critical for some patients, unnecessary biopsy should be avoided wherever possible. This study examined the process for determining the necessity to perform a ...

Context: Usefulness of circulating Chromogranin A (CgA) for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors (NEN) is controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess the actual role of this marker as diagnostic tool. Methods: Serum blood samples were obtained from 42 subjects affected with NEN, 120 subjects affected with ...

Pelvic-peritoneal tuberculosis is a common extrapulmonary site in young females mimicking an advanced ovarian malignancy. We present 2 cases with the classical triad of advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma-ascites, abdominopelvic masses and elevated serum CA-125 levels. Laparoscopic examination revealed peritoneal nodules which on biopsy showed granulomatous inflammation and no malignant cells. Patients ...

A 53-year-old Afro-Caribbean woman presented to casualty with a constellation of symptoms pointing to a diagnosis of hypercalcaemia. This was confirmed on laboratory investigation. Findings of a raised serum protein (108 g/l) and normal albumin (35 g/l), lead to an initial working diagnosis of multiple myeloma. However, later serum protein ...

This rare cystic lesion has an approximate incidence of 1 in 200 000. This patient complained of abdominal distension and was diagnosed with a giant mesenteric cyst measuring 26 cm in height using CT imaging. She underwent a successful ultrasound-guided drainage, which is not previously reported in the literature. This represents utilisation ...

To investigate the usefulness of serum cytokine dosage in the clinical management of cystic echinococcosis (CE), we analyzed serum levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in patients with hepatic CE in different cyst stages, CE1-2 (active), CE3a-3b (transitional), and CE4-5 (inactive). Ex vivo assessment of Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, ...

Autoimmune pancreatitis is a rare type of chronic pancreatitis that occurs predominantly in males and was first described in the Asian population. The following study seeks to characterize autoimmune pancreatitis in Hawai'i's Asian-dominant population through a retrospective review of 65 pancreaticoduodenectomy cases performed between 2000 and 2010. Three of the ...

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare disorder frequently manifesting as a mass-like lesion that may lead to obstructive jaundice. We report here a case of pancreatic obstruction with painless jaundice, and elevation of CA 19-9 without elevation of serum IgG4. Contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CE US) revealed the possibility of AIP, ...

Melanocytic nevi can have a wide range of histologic appearances. Within the spectrum of nevi, there exists a group that presents in certain anatomic locations with histologically worrisome features but nonetheless benign behavior. This group of nevi has been broadly categorized as nevi of special sites. The anatomic locations affected ...

Spitz nevi and melanoma represent benign and malignant counterparts commonly coupled in the same differential diagnosis. The precise distinction between the two entities remains an ongoing challenge in dermatopathology and surgical pathology. In past years, considerable work has been devoted to the assembly of criteria to permit exact diagnosis. Although ...

The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing worldwide. The findings of up to 30% of thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) are inconclusive, primarily as a result of several thyroid histologic subtypes with overlapping cytologic features. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs and have been implicated in carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that ...

Childhood malignant melanomas frequently present as nodular melanomas with Spitzoid features. Spitz nevus and Spitzoid melanoma overlap clinically and histopathologically and there have been many attempts to differentiate between them. Spitz nevi differ from melanomas by their immunohistochemical pattern of expression of cell cycle and apoptosis regulators such as the ...

Although fine-needle aspiration cytology is considered the gold standard for evaluating thyroid nodules, in about 10-30% of the cases, cytology is indeterminate. This study aimed to determine the value of cytological classification system and ultrasound (US) to predict malignancy in indeterminate thyroid nodule. This retrospective analysis enrolled 80 patients surgically ...

Diagnosis and classification of mastocytosis is currently based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Here, we evaluate the utility of the WHO criteria for the diagnosis and classification of a large series of mastocytosis patients (n=133), and propose a new algorithm that could be routinely applied for refined diagnosis ...

The aim of this study was twofold. The first aim was to estimate the diagnostic reliability of urinary cytology for detection and management of urothelial neoplasms by using a specific preserving fluid for sample collection, and the liquid-based thin layer method for specimen preparation, the estimate was based on the ...

We conducted a group consensus review of thyroid aspirates that were previously interpreted as "atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance" (AUS/FLUS) and followed by surgical interventions. The study aimed to investigate if consensus review would minimize the diagnosis of AUS/FLUS with an optimal interobserver agreement and also promote ...

Background: The management of women with chronic benign vulvar dermatoses has been one of the most difficult and challenging aspects of women's healthcare for a long time. Aim: Our aim was to compare the ability to approach the specific diagnosis of nonneoplastic and noninfectious vulva diseases, between the new classification ...

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cytological abnormalities of the anal mucosa in women with positive cervical cytology, but without macroscopic anal lesion. Ultimately we postulated if the anal mucosa may be a reservoir of HPV, which would allow the reinfection of cervix. Forty-nine patients ...

Pneumonic plague is a highly transmissible infectious disease for which fatality rates can be high if untreated; it is considered extremely lethal. Without prompt diagnosis and treatment, disease management can be problematic. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2 outbreaks of pneumonic plague occurred during 2005 and 2006. In ...

There is no pathognomonic symptom, sign, or paraclinical result that provides an unfailingly accurate diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), and hence, MS remains largely a clinical diagnosis. However, being a clinical diagnosis does not mean that the diagnosis of MS is one of exclusion. Increasingly sophisticated guidelines and objective paraclinical ...

This clinical practice guideline is based on a series of systematic reviews of published studies in the available literature on the diagnosis and treatment of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee. None of the 16 recommendations made by the work group is graded as strong; most are graded inconclusive; two are ...

Objectives- Initial data suggest that elastography can improve the specificity of sonography for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid lesions. The primary objective of this study was to compare quantitative sonoelastography to conventional qualitative sonoelastography and sonography for thyroid nodule characterization. Methods- Ninety-eight thyroid masses (53 benign and 45 malignant) were ...

The objective of our study was to create a Bayesian network (BN) that incorporates a multitude of imaging features and patient demographic characteristics to guide radiologists in assessing the likelihood of malignancy in suspicious-appearing thyroid nodules. We built a BN to combine multiple indicators of the malignant potential of thyroid ...

Introduction:  Narrow band imaging with optical magnification (NBI-Z) enables mucosal morphology to be assessed in real time by using light with narrowed band width and magnification of up to 115×. Methods:  Colorectal lesions detected were assessed with NBI-Z. Histology was predicted using the modified Sano's classification based on capillary network ...

Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) has arisen as a novel ancillary test for the pathological diagnosis of melanoma. It is an outgrowth of studies using comparative genomic hybridization, a technique capable of surveying the entire genome for DNA copy number changes. An original report published in 2009 showed high sensitivity (87%) ...

Primary cutaneous malignancies arising in association with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are notable for their atypical clinical and histological presentation. We report a 69-year-old man with a 17-year history of CLL who presented for evaluation of a well-defined red to violaceous nodule with a central depressed scar on the left ...

Interobserver reproducibility in the diagnosis of benign intraductal proliferative lesions has been poor. The aims of the study were to investigate the inter- and intraobserver variability and the impact of the addition of an immunostain for high- and low-molecular weight keratins on the variability. Nine pathologists reviewed 81 cases of ...

The aim of this study is to define the diagnostic role of Liqui-Prep (LP) technique for the diagnosis of thyroid lesions and to assess interobserver variabilities. In all, 98 thyroid FNA (fine needle aspiration) cytology samples from 83 patients for preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules, prepared by the LP, were ...

BACKGROUND: The dermatoscopic examination of the nail plate has been recently introduced for the evaluation of pigmented nail lesions. There is, however, no evidence that this technique improves diagnostic accuracy of in situ melanoma. OBJECTIVE: To establish and validate patterns for intraoperative dermatoscopy of the nail matrix. METHODS: Intraoperative nail ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are few cases described in the literature in which depigmentation of melanocytic nevi occurs without the appearance of halos. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between clinical and dermoscopic findings and to assess the usefulness of dermoscopy to identify possible markers of ...

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women but can be prevented through simple cost-effective measures, such as creating awareness, and regular screening with the Pap smear, both in the premenopausal and postmenopausal age group. This study was carried out to study the cervical ...

A multiparametric computer-aided diagnosis scheme that combines information from T(1) -weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI and T(2) -weighted MRI was investigated using a database of 110 malignant and 86 benign breast lesions. Automatic lesion segmentation was performed, and three categories of lesion features (geometric, T(1) -weighted DCE, and T(2) -weighted) were ...

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy and interobserver reliability of multidetector computed tomographic (CT) arthrography for the diagnosis and classification of superior labral anteroposterior (SLAP) lesions. Materials and Methods: Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. Retrospective review of images from 161 multidetector CT arthrographic examinations was performed by ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The histological finding of pleural inflammation (pleuritis/fibrosis) is frequently found in pleural biopsies taken at thoracoscopy. This is a nonspecific finding, representing a common endpoint of many pleural conditions. Additional features, such as malignant cells, caseating granulomas and evidence of vasculitis, are required to make an aetiological ...