Tissue and cellular elements generally attributed to the central nervous system (CNS) are infrequently found in areas outside the CNS proper. Most of these lesions contain predominantly glial tissue. In rare instances, heterotopic CNS tissue is found in the scalp, many associated with an intracranial connection and overlying skin and ...

Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma is a rare intracranial tumour of childhood that involves the cerebral cortex and the leptomeninges. We report two patients with desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas and multiple cerebrospinal metastases. To our knowledge, only two similar cases have been reported in the published literature. Pathologically, this rare intracranial tumour shows ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Intracranial causes of sudden and unexpected death in children are uncommon and are usually due to trauma, epilepsy or to catastrophic haemorrhage associated with neoplasms or vascular malformations. We sought to review the presenting symptoms and signs of intracranial mass lesions that led to sudden death to guide ...

BACKGROUND: Cranial base glioneuronal heterotopia is a nest or linear array of glioneuronal tissue within the basal meninges. It is thought to arise from aberrant migration of embryonic neuroepithelial tissues into the subarachnoid space. It frequently mimics tumors and may extend through basal skull bones into extracranial soft tissues. CASE ...

Congenital supratentorial hemangioblastomas are extremely rare tumors even in pediatric population. A 57-day-old female neonate presented with a pure motor seizure. On imaging studies, intracranial hemorrhagic lesions containing multiple cystic components in the cerebral and cerebellar areas were revealed, simultaneously. After the emergency surgical evacuation only to a fatal supratentorial ...

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, also known as Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), is an idiopathic condition typically associated with cervical lymphadenopathy, fever and hypergammaglobulinaemia. Extranodal involvement has been reported in diverse sites such as the skin, upper respiratory tract, orbit and the central nervous system. We document a case of intracranial ...

OBJECTIVE: Intracranial papillary endothelial hyperplasia (PEH) is rare, and only 13 cases have been reported intracranially in the literature. In this article, we present a case of PEH involving petrous and jugular foramen region due to the uncommon incidence. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 49-year-old female patient with a 4-year history of ...

Nasofrontal dermoid sinus tracts that extend intracranially through the foramen cecum or ethmoid can be difficult to completely resect. Complete extirpation of nasofrontal dermoid sinus cysts is essential for effective treatment of this problem to minimize the chance of recurrence. The authors describe a new technique based on parasagittal osteotomies ...

Intracranial lipomas are rare benign congenital neoplasms accounting for 0.1 to 0.5% of all primary brain tumours. Approximately 50% are associated with other cerebral developmental disorders. These slow growing benign lesions are usually asymptomatic and rarely require surgery. We report the case of a 37 year old woman presented with ...

Malignant gliomas are the most frequent and most malignant intracranial neoplasms. In spite of extensive clinical trials and irrespective of aggressive surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the outcome is very poor and limited progress has been made in the last three decades. Several innovative targeted molecular therapies that are tailored to ...

BACKGROUND: Intracranial extension and a cutaneous sinus tract are rarely seen with craniofacial dermoid cysts, with few cases reported in the literature. METHODS: We report a case of a 1-year-old girl who was initially seen with a cutaneous fistula of the frontotemporal region, which revealed an intracranial dermoid cyst. RESULTS: ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It is known that intracranial mass lesions are relatively isotropic on diffusion-weighted imaging. The purpose of this study is to report an unusually high fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (D(av)) in the cavity of the brain abscess compared with other cystic lesions. METHODS: We performed diffusion ...

Synchronous primary intracranial germ cell tumors are rare. Only 5-10% of all germ cell tumors are found as synchronous lesion in pineal and suprasellar region. They are also known by the entity "double mid-line atypical teratoma". An 11-year-old male child presented with polyuria, polydipsia and features of raised intracranial tension. ...

Diagnosis of tuberculoma is difficult because of its tumorlike aspects. This report describes the case of a male who displayed a hemiplegia revealing an intracranial mass. Neuroimaging was consistent with a glioblastoma; however, the definite diagnosis was a tuberculoma. Clinical features of tuberculomas are nonspecific. Even though the neuroimaging features ...

A 7-year-old girl had suffered from progressive swelling of the nasal dorsum over 2 years. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a large soft tissue density in the nasal dorsum. Tc-99m DTPA cisternography and brain SPECT showed a restricted mass in the nasal dorsum without intracranial connection. The mass ...

In the literature published so far, measurement of values of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using an echo-planar imaging (EPI) technique in intracranial hemorrhagic lesions show no uniform results. Furthermore, no data exist for bleedings into intracranial lesions. We investigated the ADCs of 18 intracranial hemorrhagic lesions of different stages ...

Intracranial deposits of extramedullary hematopoiesis are extremely rare, and limited experience with the treatment of these lesions has been reported. Our review of the literature provides further insights regarding the clinical, radiological, and pathological behavior of these lesions and examines the available treatment strategies. Radiation therapy has proven to be ...

Congenital lesions of the scalp must be approached with caution because of the possibility of intracranial extension. Heterotopic neural nodules, a type of neuroectodermal malformation, are particularly dangerous. They manifest in the newborn as a small lump, are often confused with dermoid cysts, and may have a rudimentary stalk that ...

A 33-year-old female with a longstanding history of seizures was admitted to our hospital with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) depicted a vascular fat-containing lesion overlying a right frontal cortical polymicrogyria. The diagnosis of angiolipoma was established. Conservatory management was ...

Heterotopic brain presenting as a giant, growing, single locular cyst at the parapharyngeal space has not been reported before, to our knowledge. We present such a case, with MR imaging findings, in a 13-month-old girl. A well-demarcated giant cystic mass was noted in the left parapharyngeal space from the skull ...

This study analyzes modern views on the history, variants, age at diagnosis of trilateral retinoblastoma, median time from retinoblastoma to trilateral retinoblastoma, the largest size and percentage of trilateral retinoblastoma among retinoblastoma cases, functions of pineal gland, genetics, ocular and intracranial histology, diagnosis, treatment, therapy results, survival rates and frequency ...

An 18-month-old, spayed female, domestic shorthaired cat was presented with clinical signs of depression and reluctance to walk, which progressed to nonambulatory tetraparesis. Increased opacification of both frontal sinuses and a cyst-like abnormality causing compression and displacement of the right frontal lobe were seen on computed tomography. Bilateral frontal sinus ...

In this study the hemodynamic status and treatment modality of aggressive dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) was evaluated. Of 145 intracranial dAVFs treated in our clinic, there were 38 aggressive lesions presenting with hemorrhage, infarction, seizures, and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. They included 3 (5% of all cavernous sinus lesions) ...

This article reports an unusual case of a syphilitic gumma with a clinical and radiographical presentation initially suggestive of glioblastoma multiforme. Pathological evaluation was essential in establishing the diagnosis of neurosyphilis and in excluding neoplastic involvement. Cerebral gumma should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis of a midline ...

The acute abdomen is the main term for an at first unclear emergency situation of the abdominal cavity. The acute abdomen belongs to the three most important reasons for the admission of patients into the emergency room. Further, this illness ranks 40% of all consultations in the ambulant care sector. ...

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major public health problem that continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality at worldwide level. Only 1% of patients with TB develop an intracranial tuberculoma (Tbm), usually as part of miliary TB. The radiological findings are often nonspecific, and they are difficult ...

Intracranial involvement in extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is rare, but it should be suspected in patients with myelofibrosis presenting with chronic severe headache. We present a 9-year-old girl with known myelofibrosis whose headaches were unresponsive to routine treatment. CT and MRI studies of the brain showed diffuse pachymeningeal thickening. CT examinations ...

Nasal dermoid sinus cysts (NDSC) are rare congenital lesions that most frequently present in children, but have been reported in adults. This article reviews adult (more than 16 years of age) nasal dermoid sinus cysts as they present, their radiological investigation, surgical approach and outcome. Thirty-eight previously published cases are ...

Intracranial tuberculoma is typically located in the parenchyma. Lesions limited to the ventricular system are uncommon. It is difficult to make a differential diagnosis from other lesions if no systemic tuberculosis is present. This study investigates a case of solitary intraventricular tuberculoma in a 19-year-old female patient with an initial ...

May 2004: We present the case of a male newborn (38th week of gestation) with a 3-week history of a sonographically detected parietal mass of 5-cm diameter. The entire mass was removed at surgery. Surprisingly, microscopy revealed an intracerebral hemorrhage and nests of glycophorin-A immunoreactive blasts and nucleated erythrocytes in ...

We report the case of a 72-year-old man with a history of Parkinson's Disease who presented with a history of falls, cognitive impairment and depressed mood. Neurological examination revealed moderate rigidity and bradykinesia. Alterations to his anti-Parkinsonian medication resulted in improvements in his mobility but no change in mental state. ...

BACKGROUND: Esthesioneuro-epithelioma is a very rare variant of olfactory neuroblastoma that originates in the region of the cribriform plate. Its intracranial manifestation is due to infiltration of the anterior skull base and frontal lobes. METHODS: The authors describe a 52-year-old man with a history of a subtotally resected right maxillary ...

Spondyloenchondrodysplasia is a very rare skeletal dysplasia in which multiple enchondromata exist in the metaphyses of the long bones with platyspondyly. We present three patients (two of them are sibs) with spondyloenchondrodysplasia. The first patient was a 10-year-old boy, who had short stature and enchondromatous-like lesions in the metaphyses of ...

Malignancy potential of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs) has rather been an underestimated reality. We report the case of a 13-year-old boy who presented with signs of increased intracranial pressure. The child had been epileptic since the age of 2. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance scans revealed a huge left frontal mass. ...

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis can show variations in clinical course, and some ophthalmologic abnormalities can be seen as cortical blindness and optic atrophy. A 4-year-old girl was referred to our hospital with a complaint of diplopia, vomiting, and ataxia. On physical examination, she was found to have stage IV papilledema with ...

A 44-year old man presented with a 2-year history of epistaxis and a nodular lesion in the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Neuroimaging revealed a midline nasopharyngeal tumor extending through the skull base to the clivus. Following surgical resection, histological studies showed a paraganglioma, a tumor with a typical nesting pattern, abundant capillary ...

Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) are malignant intracranial neoplasms that usually occur in the posterior fossa of children. They are characterized by cells with paranuclear rhabdoid inclusions, a mesenchymal and epithelial immunohistochemical profile, and 22q deletions with inactivation of the INI1/hSNF5 gene. Although they usually occur in young children, AT/RTs are ...

OBJECTS: The purpose of this study was to describe the indications, surgical techniques and postoperative outcome of neuroendoscopic interventions in a heterogeneous group of intracranial cystic pathologies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1992 and 2003, 127 patients with symptomatic intracranial cysts and cystic tumours underwent neuroendoscopic treatment in our department. In ...

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare inflammatory histiocytic disease of the skin. Xanthogranuloma of the central nervous system is rare and few cases have been reported. To the authors' knowledge, there has been no previously reported case of NXG in which an intracranial lesion was found. This 52-year-old man, in ...

A 30-year-old female presented with a rare case of isolated recurrence of granulocytic sarcoma manifesting as extra- and intracranial masses 16 months after successful treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemia (M-2). She presented with a swelling located on her forehead that had appeared just after hitting her forehead, and never diminished ...

Swellings on the head are common, but all require appropriate investigation and caution must be exercised during surgical intervention. We report a patient in whom an attempt at biopsy of a swelling in the scalp was made without any radiological imaging and led to an intracranial complication that caused a ...

A 26-year-old man with multiple intracranial masses widely attached to the dura presented with hypopituitarism and sexual impotence. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the lesions were isointense on the T1-weighted and hypointense on the T2-weighted images, and involved the bilateral sphenoid ridges, the convexity, and tentorial incisura. The lesion was partially ...

OBJECTIVE: The history, diagnosis, and therapy of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) (pseudotumor cerebri) are reviewed. Theories of pathogenesis are considered, the clinical presentation is described, and potential diagnostic and therapeutic challenges are explored. METHODS: An extensive literature review of IIH and related conditions (secondary pseudotumor syndromes) was performed. The history ...

A 13-year-old male with an 11-year history of a seizure disorder presented with recent onset raised intracranial pressure symptoms and no obvious phakomatosis. CT revealed a heterogeneous, frontal, intra-axial, densely enhancing, solid lesion with intense perilesional oedema and mass effect. Total microsurgical excision resulted in cure. Histopathological examination showed characteristic ...

We present a patient with a giant cerebellar tuberculoma which MRI led us to believe was a vascular, malignant tumour. Angiography revealed the mass to be relatively avascular, but also showed marked narrowing of the posterior circulation vessels, suggesting arteritis. Biopsy of the lesion was reported as consistent with tuberculoma. ...

PURPOSE: Subependymomas are rare, slow-growing intracranial neoplasms of the subependymal matrix. We document a successful case of radiosurgical treatment of a multiply recurrent subependymoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A nineteen-year-old male developed a recurrent fourth ventricular subependymoma after 6 resections, fractionated radiation therapy (50.4 Gy) and chemotherapy. In addition, a lesion ...

We report a study of a 22-year-old woman with a plasma-cell granuloma (PCG), a rare intracranial lesion characterized by a non-neoplastic polyclonal proliferation of plasma cells and other mononuclear cells. She presented after a generalized seizure and CT-scan and magnetic resonance images demonstrated a left temporo-basal tumour mass involving both ...

Solitary plasmacytomas rarely develop in the skull, meninges, or brain. Ophthalmic signs as the initial manifestations of solitary intracranial plasmacytoma have rarely been described. We report the neuro-ophthalmologic, imaging, and pathologic findings for two patients. One patient presented with optic neuropathy, the second with bilateral sixth nerve palsies. Plasmacytoma is ...

Ten patients with intracranial arachnoid cysts were treated with direct shunting of the cyst to a lateral ventricle. The strategic goal of cystoventricular shunting is to establish physiologically normal intracranial pressure relationships, rather than cyst obliteration. Cystoventricular shunts were successful in treating single and multiple intracranial cysts in supratentorial and ...

Haemangioma calcificans is a relatively rare intracranial tumour, which is characterized by the presence of a calcified nodule in or near the brain. The patient is most often an adult of either sex, who develops seizures. The lesion can be large enough to produce raised intracranial pressure. The location of ...