The incidence of urinary calculi in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) ranges from 10 to 36 %. Shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for urinary calculi in ADPKD was reported to be a safe and effective treatment option. However, there is a potential risk of cyst rupture and traumatic hemorrhage because of shockwaves. ...

BACKGROUND: Malignant pheochromocytoma (PCC) is a rare catecholamine producing tumour with a poor prognosis. For many years predicting PCC behaviour has remained a highly difficult task. The aim of this study was to evaluate heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as tissue-based ...

Recent studies have shown that shockwave heating and millisecond boiling in high-intensity focused ultrasound fields can result in mechanical fractionation or emulsification of tissue, termed boiling histotripsy. Visual observations of the change in color and contents indicated that the degree of thermal damage in the emulsified lesions can be controlled ...

Henoch-Shönlein purpura (HSP) is an acute, self-limited, systemic, small vessel vasculitis, that induces skin lesions, arthritis and abdominal pain. Palpable purpura is the most common manifestation in pediatric patients with HSP. We present an atypical case of HSP in a young patient and report successful treatment of the atypical skin ...

Eosinophilic ulcer of the oral mucosa is a benign self-limiting, chronic lesion more frequently seen in the oral cavity or tongue that can mimic squamous cell carcinoma. The pathogenesis of this problem is unknown. In this paper, we present a case of an 80-year-old woman with eosinophilic ulcer of the ...

We herein report the rare case of a 56-year-old man who suffered from heat stroke. Although he was in a coma with convulsions on arrival and developed multiorgan failure, he recovered after two weeks of successful treatments. Hyperintense signals on the right temporoparietooccipital cortex, which disappeared within one week, were ...

Posterior shoulder dislocation is a rare event that may occur after a direct trauma, an epileptic seizure, electric shock or electroconvulsive therapy. In more than 50% of the cases, posterior dislocations are missed on initial evaluation and often misdiagnosed as frozen shoulders with unfortunate consequences. We present the case of ...

PURPOSE: Late lesion extension may be involved in the genesis of delayed radiofrequency (RF) effects. Because RF lesion is thermally mediated, we hypothesized that induction of heat shock response (thermotolerance) would modulate lesion healing. We evaluated the effects of thermotolerance on the dimensions and remodeling of RF lesions in a ...

Postmortem evaluation of a Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) revealed cold stress lesions and previous watercraft trauma that included broken ribs, a diaphragmatic hernia, an enlarged vena cava, and right-sided cardiomegaly. We discuss these findings and present a possible pathogenesis for the cardiomegaly.

Metastatic pulmonary angiosarcomas frequently present with pneumothorax, especially those arising from the scalp. The metastases on chest radiographs are initially subtle and easily missed. Computed tomographic scans can show a spectrum of diagnostic findings that may be misinterpreted because of a lack of awareness related to the rarity of the ...

Coccidioidomycosis is an endemic disease of the western hemisphere. In cases occurring in non-endemic areas, eliciting a history of exposure as well as a high index of suspicion is imperative for timely and accurate diagnosis. In this case, a 65-year-old male presented to our hospital with fever, dry cough and ...

Solitary capillary hemangioma of the lung (SCHL) is a rare benign tumor that is difficult to differentiate from other nodular lesions, including lung cancer, on CT. We report a case of 58-year-old man with an SCHL of the left lower lung. A nodular lesion 7 mm in size varied in CT ...

A 38-year-old male immunocompetent soldier developed generalized seizures. He underwent surgical debulking and a progressive demyelinating pseudotumor was identified. Serology and molecular testing confirmed a diagnosis of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Acanthamoeba sp. in this immunocompetent male. The patient was treated with oral voriconazole and miltefosine with Acanthamoeba titers ...

Lung biopsy often plays a key role in identifying patients with hypersensitivity pneumonia, especially in the absence of a typical history. A 69-year-old woman with a 2-year history of unexplained dyspnea on exertion underwent surgical lung biopsy for diagnosis of diffuse lung disease thought to represent idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Her ...

Endobronchial metastases of extrapulmonary malignant tumors are rarely encountered. Herein, we have reported two cases of endobronchial metastases from nonpulmonary tumors. The first case was a 32-year-old female patient who underwent surgery for a sclerosing epitheloid fibrosarcoma in her left thigh in 2007. Metastatic bilateral parenchymal nodules in her lungs ...

Hydrogel was a commonly used material for scleral buckling in the early 1980s to the mid-1990s. Use of hydrogel ceased due to a high complication rate, including frequent migration. Various symptoms and clinical findings have been reported with hydrogel migration. There have been no published reports of hydrogel migration to ...

A patient presented with a cavitating lung lesion. Serology and sputum microscopy led to the diagnosis of pulmonary hydatid disease. However, histology of the operative samples revealed aspergillosis in the cavity and surrounding lung tissue. This is the first report of invasive aspergillosis occurring as a consequence of spontaneous hydatid ...

Transthoracic ultrasonography is still not utilized to its full potential by respiratory physicians, despite being a well-established and validated imaging modality. It allows for an immediate and mobile assessment that can potentially augment the physical examination of the chest. Ultrasound (US)-assisted procedures can be performed by a single clinician with ...

Mucormycosis is a rare complication in immunocompromised patients. Antemortem diagnosis of mucormycosis is difficult and often incorrect. We report a case of pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae in an elderly man with interstitial pneumonia. The diagnosis of mucormycosis was established by bronchoalveolar lavage. A coexisting immune deficiency condition was ...

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although focal ground-glass opacity lung nodules are generally reported to grow slowly, their natural course is unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the natural course of screening-detected pure ground-glass opacity lung nodules in patients with no history of malignancy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the database ...

BACKGROUND: Solitary thin-walled cavity lung cancer is a specific form of lung cancer, the diagnosis of which remains a formidable challenge. OBJECTIVE: By comparing the computed tomography (CT) presentations and pathological findings, the purpose of present study was to explain the possible mechanism of thin-walled cavity formation and to improve ...

Air sacculitis is an important clinical condition in non-human primates. We evaluated 37 baboons and seven chimpanzees with spontaneous air sacculitis submitted to pathology over a 20-year period. Air sacculitis was observed almost exclusively in males. Common reported signs were halitosis, coughing, nasal discharges, depression, anorexia, and weight loss. Gross ...

A 10-year-old German Warmblood gelding was referred to the Equine Department of the Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Switzerland, for an iris mass OD, lethargy, intermittent fever, and coughing. Ophthalmic examination revealed a 7 × 9 mm raised, fleshy, whitish to pinkish, vascularized iris mass at the 2 o`clock position OD. Fundic examination ...

A 28-year-old lady presented with recurrent erythematous skin lesions in different parts of the body for 3 months. There were several episodes of worm coming out of the lesions. Examination of the worms in the parasitology laboratory revealed it to be a larva of Gnathostoma sp. She was advised treatment ...

Aim: Peritoneal or retro-peritoneal sarcomatosis related malignant ascites formation is a rare but serious consequence of the locoregional metastatic event. The present work aimed to study the effect of the Hsp90 inhibitor (17-AAG), an ansamycin analog, on cell cycle and DNA replication specific chaperone-clients interaction in the event of peritoneal ...

Unexpandable lung is a mechanical complication by which the lung does not expand to the chest wall, impeding a normal apposition between the two pleural layers. The main mechanism involved is the restriction of the visceral pleura due to the formation of a fibrous layer along this pleural membrane. This ...

Opportunities to treat multifocal lung cancers, mostly adenocarcinoma, are increasing due to the development of imaging technologies. The optimal therapy modality to treat multifocally growing lung cancers remains obscure. To determine the features of multifocal lung cancers, we retrospectively reviewed patients with multiple lung lesions. Clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics ...

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours are rare masses that account for a very small percentage of primary lung neoplasms. They are generally considered as benign tumours but can exhibit malignant characteristics. When identified, the mainstay of their treatment is complete surgical resection. We present a case report of a large pulmonary myofibroblastic ...

Mediastinal lymphadenopathy may be detected by CT-scan or positron emission tomography. Malignant (e.g, lung cancer, metastatic cancer, lymphoma), infectious (e.g, tuberculosis, histoplasmosis), and systemic processes (e.g, sarcoidosis) can cause mediastinal adenopathy. In the posterior and inferior mediastinum, endoscopic ultrasound visualizes and directs transesophageal fine needle aspiration of adenopathy. In the ...

PURPOSE: Here, we report a new and rapid radiosynthesis of (18)F-N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-6-fluoro-pyridine-3-carboxamide ([(18)F]ICF01006), a molecule with a high specificity for melanotic tissue, and its evaluation in a murine model for early specific detection of pigmented primary and disseminated melanoma. METHODS: [(18)F]ICF01006 was synthesized using a new one-step bromine-for-fluorine nucleophilic heteroaromatic substitution. ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diagnosis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) requires the exclusion of, among others, concomitant connective tissue diseases (CTDs), which may present as interstitial lung disease (ILD). This review focuses on the evaluation required to separate these entities through serology, although not exclusively. RECENT FINDINGS: Several recent data suggest ...

BACKGROUND: CT-guided needle biopsy of lung nodules requires breath holding during needle placement, and is thus inapplicable to patients with difficulty in holding breath. METHODS: A robotic needle biopsy technique is introduced, adapting to the patient respiratory pattern and using a robot manipulator to drive the needle towards a moving ...

We report a case of pulmonary bilateral multiple chondromas that were possibly an initial clinical presentation of Carney's triad. A 56-year-old Japanese non-smoking asymptomatic woman was admitted to the hospital for further examination of small, multiple, bilateral nodules in the lungs. Although chest radiological findings suggested that the nodules were ...

INTRODUCTION: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (BSCE) is a rare malignancy among esophageal cancers. We reported a case of 63-year-old woman with metachronous pulmonary metastasis of BSCE, successfully treated by metastasectomy of the left lung. PRESENTATION OF CASE: Biopsy specimens of upper gastrointestinal fiberscopy led to diagnosis of ...

Pulmonary complications associated with Sjögren syndrome (SS) have attracted attention in recent years. Sjögren syndrome has been associated with small cyst formation in salivary glands, thymus, and lungs and has been recently brought to the forefront by radiologists due to high-resolution techniques. However, pathologists are less aware of this finding ...

To establish response patterns in PET following stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of malignant lung lesions. Patients with malignant lung lesions treated with SBRT were retrospectively reviewed. All patients received 40-52 Gy in three to five equal fractions. An independent, blinded radiologist reassessed all F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose PET/computed tomography scans to determine the ...

INTRODUCTION:: Early detection of malignancies in the lung by less-invasive methods aims at achieving efficient intervention and subsequently a reduction of the high mortality rate. We investigated whether biomarker analysis in endobronchial epithelial-lining fluid (ELF) collected by bronchoscopic microsampling (BMS) may be useful for a definitive preoperative diagnosis. METHODS:: ELF ...

Mesenchymal cystic hamartoma (MHC) of the lung is a very rare disease with an indolent clinical course and might be easily misdiagnosed as pleuropulmonary blastoma and other uncommon cystic lung lesions. We present a case of a 43-year-old woman who had sudden dyspnea resulting from a spontaneous right-sided pneumothorax. Computed ...

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common birth anomaly. Absence or presence of liver herniation and determination of lung-to-head ratio are the most accurate predictors of prognosis for fetuses with CDH. Though open fetal CDH repair has been abandoned, fetal endoscopic balloon tracheal occlusion promotes lung growth in fetuses with ...

Confusion, controversy, and uncertainty are all terms applicable to the diagnosis and management of congenital lung lesions both prenatally and postnatally. This review examines the current status of fetal diagnosis and treatment of these lesions; reviews the various classifications, including congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation/congenital pulmonary airway malformation, sequestrations, variants and ...

Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare cause of pulmonary nodules that occurs when uterine leiomyomas metastasize to the lung. The management of these lesions varies from resection and hysterectomy to nonsurgical treatments such as hormonal therapy. We report a case of a 45-year-old woman with multiple nodules of the ...

We report a case of pulmonary adenofibroma in a 29-year-old female found by CT scan during work-up for midline chest pain. To our knowledge, the cytological features of this entity have not been previously reported. Cytology demonstrated bland epithelial and stromal cells of varying size without karyorrhexis, pyknosis, or necrosis ...

Lung botryomycosis is a rare disease. We report what is to our knowledge the first case occurring on a lung cavity. In a 42-year-old man suffering asthenia and cough, a chest radiograph revealed a right upper lobe opacity. Computed tomography scan showed a necrotic mass which was also spiculated. Repeated ...

This report presents the case of a late relapse of an ovarian granulosa cell tumor (GCT) that metastasized to the lung 36 years after the initial diagnosis. A 72-year-old female demonstrated multiple nodules with extrapleural signs on chest computed tomography. Positron emission tomography with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG-PET) showed that the nodules had ...

BACKGROUND: Little has been described regarding the technical details, diagnostic accuracy, and probable complications of thoracoscopic cutting needle biopsy, which seems to be preferable to transthoracic needle biopsy for patients scheduled to undergo surgery for suspected lung cancer. METHODS: This study was a retrospective analysis of a prospective database of ...

A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis is of sufficient reliability for the diagnosis of lung cancer prior to a major lung resection. Altogether, 112 papers were found using the reported search, of ...

The purpose of this article is to review the computed tomography (CT) and histopathological features of uncommon primary neoplasms of the thorax that can manifest clinically malignant features (multiplicity of pulmonary nodules, an invasive nature, and metastases or recurrence after surgery) with little evidence of histological malignancy.

Introduction:   We evaluated the diagnostic results of cytological analysis of bronchial washing in addition to forceps biopsy on the basis of the bronchoscopic appearance and histologic type of lung cancer. Methods:  This retrospective study included 611 patients who had lung cancer and underwent bronchoscopic procedures between April 2003 and ...

BackgroundTo increase the diagnostic yield in pulmonary diseases, histopathology, imprint cytology and brushing cytology are assessed in combination during flexible bronchoscopy. However, the individual diagnostic discrimination of the three methods is unclear.MethodsThe authors performed the three sampling techniques in 102 consecutive patients with suspected pulmonary pathologies and compared the definitive ...

The reversed halo sign is characterised by a central ground-glass opacity surrounded by denser air-space consolidation in the shape of a crescent or a ring. It was first described on high-resolution CT as being specific for cryptogenic organising pneumonia. Since then, the reversed halo sign has been reported in association ...