BACKGROUND: Undernutrition and insufficient energy and protein intake is a common problem in hospitalised patients. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether a novel hospital menu would be an effective strategy for increasing nutritional intake in patients at nutritional risk. METHODS: A historically controlled intervention pilot study ...

OBJECTIVE: Examine relationships between food security, diet quality, and body mass index (BMI) among food pantry users. METHODS: Convenience sample of 212 food pantry clients in Hartford, CT from June, 2010 to May, 2011. Main outcomes included food security (United States Department of Agriculture module), fruit and vegetable consumption (Block ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: To assess the adherence to the national dietary recommendations and to identify factors contributing to dietary compliance in Switzerland. METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional study in Lausanne, Switzerland (CoLaus study), 2009-2012. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Participants were dichotomized according to whether they followed ...

PURPOSE: Even mild iodine deficiency may negatively affect cognitive performance, especially at a young age. Our aim was to investigate iodine status in very young children and to assess the importance of iodized salt in processed foods of which the use has decreased during the last years in Germany. METHODS: ...

This pilot study was performed to produce data of the Children's Dietary Life Safety (CDLS) Index which is required by the Special Act on Safety Management of Children's Dietary Life and to evaluate the CDLS Index for 7 metropolitan cities and 9 provinces in Korea. To calculate the CDLS Index ...

Little is published about dietary intake of children of ethnic populations found in Hawai'i, due to an absence of national statistics collected on Hawai'i's population. This information is needed to focus planning of food, agriculture and health programs aimed to prevent obesity and related chronic disease and to improve health. ...

Obesity and its co-occurrence with household food insecurity among low-income families is a public health concern, particularly because both are associated with later adverse health consequences. Our aim was to examine the relationship between household food insecurity with and without hunger in infancy and later childhood with weight status at ...

Background: A dinner meal is consumed by approximately 95% of preschool children, yet few studies have characterized the dinner meal within a broader environmental context. The primary goal of this study was to identify the average quantities of foods served and consumed at the dinner meal by preschool children. A ...

Animal-source foods are important causes of food-borne illness, and milk and dairy products can contain pathogenic microorganisms. We conducted a stochastic assessment of the risk of ingesting milk contaminated with specific microbial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus spp.) in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. We carried out structured interviews and ...

A method based on isotope dilution headspace solid-phase microextraction, followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, was developed for the determination of naphthalene in foods. Optimum method sensitivity was achieved by the addition of NaCl in water at saturation and with the sample solution incubated at 30°C for 15 min. ...

'Wara' soft cheese is traditionally produced in Nigeria and has a poor microbial quality. This study assessed the survivability of Listeria monocytogenes and other food spoilage microbes (enterobacteriacea, molds and yeasts) in vacuum packaged soft cheese treated independently with Carica papaya (Vcpc), Terminalia cattapa (Vtcc) crude extracts, nisin (Vnc), and ...

Objective: Neurotransmitter systems participate in the regulation of food intake, and their activities are expected to influence eating behavior. Design and Methods: We investigated possible associations between body mass index (BMI) and central noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine activities, as reflected by the cerebrospinal fluid levels of their main metabolites methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol ...

Food allergen detection methods must be able to specifically detect minute quantities of an allergenic food in a complex food matrix. One technique that can be used is real-time PCR. For the work described here, real-time PCR assays were developed to detect penaeid shrimp and blue crab, crustacean shellfish allergens. ...

Besides technical improvements and a reduction of food losses in the food chain, diet shifts offer practicable opportunities to reduce environmental impacts in the agri-food sector on a low-cost basis. In this paper we analyze the environmental impacts of nutrition in Germany in the year 2006. Based on an equalized ...

Context. The nutrition environment is associated with risk of obesity and other diet-related chronic diseases. In Baltimore's low-income areas, carryouts (locally prepared-food sources that offer food "to go") are a common source of food, but they lack a variety of healthy options for purchase. Objective. To evaluate individuals' preferences of ...

The dietary fibre (DF) content in wheat grain based food products have been established with both the classical AOAC 985.29 dietary fibre and the new AOAC 2009.01 total dietary fibre protocol. There is a good agreement between the high molecular weight dietary fibre (HMWDF) contents measured with the AOAC 2009.01 ...

Several methods for the rapid and specific detection of Salmonella in food samples have been described. Here, we compare 4 of those methods in terms of assay time, procedure complexity, detection limit, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Milk, eggs and mayonnaise samples were artificially contaminated with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis cell ...

Food allergies can result in life-threatening reactions and diminish quality of life. The prevalence of food allergies has increased in several regions throughout the world. A few food allergens cover the majority of food-related reactions (milk, egg, wheat, soy, fish, crustacean, nuts and peanut). Immunological mechanisms range between IgE-mediated (most ...

Organochlorines are highly hydrophobic, synthetic organic pollutants that accumulate in the environment and in food webs. The primary route of human exposure to organochlorines is through food-mainly fat-rich food of animal origin such as meat, fish, and dairy products. Here we determined the presence and concentration of organochlorine residues in ...

PURPOSE: There is a paucity of findings concerning the role of diet in childhood leukemogenesis, whereas the results are equivocal and the studies heterogeneous with regard to food items examined. This case-control study investigates the association of childhood leukemia with food groups, macronutrient consumption, total energy intake and adherence to ...

BACKGROUND: Antipsychotic-induced weight gain is a problematic side effect. The mechanism is still not fully understood. Carbohydrate (and possibly other food) cravings have been suggested in literature, but not been systematically investigated. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the hypothesis that food cravings, especially for carbohydrate, are responsible for olanzapine-induced weight gain. METHOD: ...

The relation between dairy foods, particularly specific foods, and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. We examined the association between total, as well as specific, dairy food intakes and incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in a prospective population-based cohort. We followed 33,636 women (aged 48-83 y), free from CVD, ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity of food photographs used to support the reporting of food intake with an FFQ designed for adolescents from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. DESIGN: A set of ninety-five food photographs was elaborated. The photographs' evaluation process included the acknowledgement of foods and portions in the pictures. ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Diet quality tools have been developed to assess the adequacy of dietary patterns for predicting future morbidity and mortality. This study describes the development and evaluation of a brief food-based diet quality index for use with children at the individual or population level. The Australian Child and Adolescent ...

Only a few studies have investigated the impact of nutrients and food groups on hearing level (HL) with a population-based approach. We examined the 13-year association between intake of specific nutrients and food groups and HL in a sample of French adults. A total of 1823 subjects, aged 45-60 years ...

A quantitative RT-PCR method, employing novel primer sets designed on Cor a 9, Cor a 11 and Cor a 13 allergen-coding sequences has been setup and validated. Its specificity, sensitivity and applicability have been compared. The effect of processing on detectability of these hazelnut targets in complex food matrices was ...

A new method is reported for sensitive determination of tartrazine in the food samples. The method is based on the catalytic effect of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) on the oxidation reaction of tartrazine by potassium iodate in the acetate buffer medium. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the change in ...

An immunoaffinity column (IAC) for the clean-up of citrinin-contaminated food samples was prepared by using silica gel immobilised with a anti-citrinin antibody. Antibodies produced against citrinin-bovine serum albumin (BSA) were covalently immobilised onto a silica-based solid support to prepare the IAC. The selective extraction and clean-up ability of the IAC ...

OBJECTIVE: To develop an FFQ for estimating culture-specific maize intake that can distinguish between home-grown and commercial maize. Home-grown maize is more likely to be contaminated with fumonisins, mycotoxins that are associated with increased risk of oesophageal cancer. DESIGN: An existing FFQ developed for use in urban Xhosa populations was ...

Abstract The present study describes the implementation of a food safety system in a dairy processing plant located in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and the challenges found during the process. In addition, microbiological indicators have been used to assess system's implementation performance. The steps involved in the implementation ...

CONTEXT: Dysphagia is one of the most prevalent and distressing symptoms among palliative care patients, and a practical assessment tool is required. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a tool to measure the severity of dysphagia: the Food Intake LEVEL Scale (FILS), ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The aim of this study was to (i) to compare the accuracy of reporting for child's total energy intake from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) completed independently by the mother, father and child in comparison to total energy expenditure (TEE) measured using doubly labeled water (DLW) (ii) ...

OBJECTIVES: Bolus swallowing or deglutition is a vital oral action which transports orally processed food from the oral cavity to the stomach for further digestion. Swallowing is routine to most health individuals, but it could be highly hazardous to many elderly and dysphagia patients. In order to provide proper food ...

  The objective of this study was to analyze overall contents of biogenic amines in Miso and thereby evaluate the safety of the food. Through HPLC analysis of 22 different Miso products, it was found that most samples had low biogenic amine contents. However, some samples contained both histamine and ...

Objective : To compare two surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, of the food and nutrition environment in New Zealand primary schools. Methods : A sample of primary schools was asked about foods and beverages provided or sold to students or used for fundraising, and nutrition-related policies and procedures. Comparisons ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to develop and validate a short food frequency questionnaire which could assess the nutritional lifestyles of hypercholesterolemic patients consulting in daily practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The questionnaire explores 11 nutrient categories. Hundred and thirty-one patients were recruited for the construct validity and 58 patients for ...

Due to their widespread diffusion, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been frequently found in the environment and in several animal species. It has been demonstrated that they can easily reach also humans, mainly through diet. Being lactation a major route of elimination of these contaminants, their occurrence in human milk is ...

This survey determined the levels of eight phthalates - i.e. dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) - in several Belgian milk and dairy products. Samples were obtained from various farms, a ...

Some evidence suggests that various diet components and nutrients, including vegetables, fruit and food-derived antioxidants, could mitigate contaminant exposure and/or adverse health effects of contaminants. To examine the effect of the consumption of tomato products on blood mercury levels in Inuit preschool children, 155 Inuit children (25.0 ± 9.1 months) ...

A colorimetric method for the determination of total antioxidant activity in a variety of foods and beverages was validated in both a single-laboratory validation and a collaborative laboratory validation study. The procedure involved extraction of the antioxidants directly into a methanol-water solution containing a known amount of 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), thus ...

Salmonella, one of the most common causes of foodborne illness, is a significant public health concern worldwide. There is a need in the food industry for methods that are simple, rapid, and sensitive for the detection of foodborne pathogens. In this study, the Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit, a real-time PCR ...

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of a food aid program (Plan Más Vida, PMV) on the micronutrient nutritional condition of lactating mothers 1 year after its implementation. The food program provided supplementary diets (wheat- and maize-fortified flour, rice or sugar, and fortified soup) to low-income families from the ...

The Roka Listeria Detection Assay was compared to the reference culture methods for nine select foods and three select surfaces. The Roka method used Half-Fraser Broth for enrichment at 35 +/- 2 degrees C for 24-28 h. Comparison of Roka's method to reference methods requires an unpaired approach. Each method ...

Successful management of type 1 diabetes depends on the self-care practices. Sense of coherence has been associated with various measures of lifestyle choices. We aimed to study the associations between sense of coherence and self-care practices in patients with type 1 diabetes. We hypothesized that patients with weak sense of ...

The purpose of this paper is to succinctly review the origin of US dietary surveys, the challenges and limitations of obtaining dietary intake data, the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990, the integrated US federal food survey, and the development of the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) ...

Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in childhood. The clinical presentation of asthma may worsen after food allergen ingestion in sensitized patients. To avoid nonspecific dietary restrictions in children with asthma, laboratory-based advice about foods is potentially helpful. The purpose of this study was to determine food sensitization ...

Tl'azt'en and Lheidli T'enneh First Nation communities have traditionally used smoking, drying, and salting of fish and game as preservation methods to enhance food security. Our results showed that levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were significantly higher in smoked salmon samples compared to moose meats, and further, that ...

A generic method to screen for new or unexpected contaminants at ppm levels in food has been developed. The method comprises an acidic acetonitrile extraction, detection with ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry and statistical evaluation using a metabolomics approach comparing suspected contaminated food with uncontaminated ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity and reproducibility of a 122-item interviewer-administered quantitative FFQ developed to determine food and nutrient intakes of adults in Botswana. DESIGN: Relative validity of the FFQ was evaluated by comparing nutrient and food group intakes against four non-consecutive 24 h recalls administered over 12 months. The ...

Background: Nutritional biomarkers have several advantages in acquiring data for epidemiological and clinical studies over traditional dietary assessment tools, such as food frequency questionnaires. While food frequency questionnaires constitute a subjective methodology, biomarkers can provide a less biased and more accurate measure of specific nutritional intake. A precise estimation of ...