Two species of herbivorous land crabs from Christmas Island, Cardisoma hirtipes and Gecarcoidea natalis, overlap in both diet and distribution. This study compared the dietary preferences and digestive capabilities of these two species on a diet of leaf litter to establish the digestive strategies each adopts and the likely degree ...

Fire and insects are natural disturbance agents in many forest ecosystems, often interacting to affect succession, nutrient cycling, and forest species composition. We review literature pertaining to effects of fire-insect interactions on ecological succession, use of prescribed fire for insect pest control, and effects of fire on insect diversity from ...

An investigation was carried out to analyse the biochemical parameters influencing forward motility (FM) initiation in vitro in the goat caput-epididymal immature spermatozoa. Forward motility was induced in approximately 55% of caput-sperm upon incubation in an alkaline (pH 8.0) modified Ringer's solution containing theophylline (30 mM) (an inhibitor of cyclic ...

Spectrum is a new Macintosh and Microsoft Windows program designed to read in phylogenetic four-state or binary data in NEXUS format, and output the corresponding bipartition spectra. It can be used to find the tree whose expected spectrum is closest to the observed spectrum (the closest tree, Hendy, Discr, Math., ...

The effect of feeding on Eucalyptus leaves of Tynacantha marginata (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) was studied in Brazil. The use of this plant as a complementary food source for the predatory bug increased its oviposition period, generation time, and net reproductive rate. Eucalyptus leaves apparently had no influence on the survival and ...

Consistent production of large quantities of fertile semen is a primary concern of boar management programmes. Common visual tests such as motility are poor indicators of the fertilizing capacity of an ejaculate. Research studies have demonstrated that, in general, if motility is 60% or greater, there are no relationships among ...

Primate diets may be influenced by the phytochemical composition of potential food resources. This study examined the protein, fiber, and mineral content of leaves from plant species used as food resources by the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in Tanjung Puting National Park, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia. In addition, leaf samples were ...

Consumption pattern of beta carotene rich foods from 500 households of Coimbatore district was elicited. Through market surveys in four seasons namely: summer, south-west monsoon, north-east monsoon and winter, a year calendar of beta carotene rich foods was developed. The total and beta carotene contents of five commonly consumed beta ...

With the aim of elucidating in greater detail the genealogical origin of the present domestic fowls of the world, we have determined mtDNA sequences of the D-loop regions for a total of 21 birds, of which 12 samples belong to red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) comprising three subspecies (six Gallus gallus ...

The nutrient composition, of Colocasia esculenta flowers (CF) and leaves (CL), and the green fruits of Solanum melongena (SM) were carried out as a means to determine their nutritional potential. Results showed that these food materials had high moisture and fiber levels which ranged between 888 and 906 g.kg-1; and ...

Demographers, as early as Malthus, have assumed that the preventive checks, delayed marriage and celibacy, were absent in traditional China. In this paper on the Qing (1644-1911) imperial lineage, we demonstrate that, instead, there may have been a different, more 'modern' preventive check: fertility control within marriage. Marital fertility of ...

Subfossil specimens of Indri indri have been recovered recently from the Ankarana Massif cave system in the far north of Madagascar. Taken together with material from the central highland site of Ampasambazimba, the range of this species appears to have once included much of the northern half of the island ...

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important tropical root crop providing energy to about 500 million people. The presence of the two cyanogenic glycosides, linamarin and lotaustralin, in cassava is a major factor limiting its use as food or feed. Traditional processing techniques practiced in cassava production are known to ...

We have shown in molecular basis that alcoholic tea aroma is mainly formed by endogenous enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosidic aroma precursors during manufacturing. Amounts of alcoholic aroma precursor and glycosidase activity in each part of the tea shoot (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis cv Yabukita and a hybrid of var. assamica ...

Seminal characteristics, fertility and the response to semen preservation (liquid storage and cryopreservation) were evaluated in 4 Draft stallions (Percheron 2, Breton 2). Seminal characteristics (gel-free volume, sperm concentration, sperm morphology, percentage of motile spermatozoa) were assessed in 5 ejaculates from each of the 4 stallions. The fertility of the ...

Cocoa butter is unique. The tree and flower from which it grows, the pod and its seed, as well as its postharvest handling are all different from those for any other food ingredient. Cocoa butter is the most critical raw material for chocolate, a foodstuff recognized long ago as having ...

In order to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline on sperm motility and longevity, a controlled in-vitro study was conducted on normozoospermic donor semen samples using the Cellsoft automated system for sperm motility analysis. After incubation and selection, pentoxifylline was found to improve the recovery of spermatozoa and to increase their ...

Bibliography : leaves [70]-79.

Oski and Paige are correct in their citation of the current recommended daily dietary allowances; I inexcusably referred to the value for adolescents. That changes the arithmetic, but not the substance, of the editorial. Basically, we see the same facts and come to different conclusions. We can all agree with ...

The process of sperm transport from the cervix, where a leukocytic reaction is initiated, through the uterus to gain access to the site of fertilization is very poorly understood. This preliminary study was designed to utilize a uterine flushing technique to determine firstly, the number of spermatozoa that can be ...

Our objective was to determine animal responses and forage characteristics that could explain the greater forage quality of 'Mott' dwarf elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) than that of 'Pensacola' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge). Both grasses were harvested after 5 wk of regrowth in June and September. Sheep fed Mott hays had ...

A study was undertaken about T. sordida in the natural environment in two different regions of the state of Minas Gerais: Itapagipe (Triângulo), an area of cerrado modified by the formation of fields of pasture and agriculture, and Mato Verde (north) an area of transition between caatinga and cerrado with ...

The perfluorochemicals (PFC) have a high capacity for dissolving oxygen and carbon dioxide. Two experiments were conducted using PFC as diluent components to assess their effect on the fertilizing capacity of, and the hatchability of eggs from hens inseminated with, turkey semen stored for 30 min or 3 h. Two ...

As a first step towards understanding the function and mechanism of spiral movement of spermatozoa swimming through a medium, the direction of rolling (rotational movement of the spermatozoa around their long axis) and that of yawing (circular motion of spermatozoa upon the surface of a glass microscope slide and coverslip) ...

Low fertility among nomadic !Kung foragers of the northern Kalahari Desert of Botswana has been hypothesized to be an adaptation to scarcity of food. However, a comparison of !Kung fertility before and after a transition to a more sedentary lifestyle indicates that more food did not increase fertility. An examination ...

A basic law of ecology is that living things are tightly dependent on one another, often in ways that are not easy to imagine. Who, for example, would have predicted that when the last dodo was killed in 1675, that death would lead to the slow extermination of the tambalocoque ...

Four categories of plant food dominated the diet of chimpanzees in Kibale Forest, Uganda: non-fig tree fruits, fig tree fruits, herbaceous piths and terrestrial leaves. Fruit abundance varied unpredictably, more among non-figs than figs. Pith intake was correlated negatively with fruit abundance and positively with rainfall, whereas leaf intake was ...

An aerobiologic survey using a rotoslide sampler was conducted daily (January 1979 through December 1981) in Tampa, Florida. A major tree pollen season (Dec. through May) consisted of oak, pine, Australian pine, bald cypress, cedar, bayberry and mulberry. A minor tree season (Oct. and Nov.) consisted of Australian pine and ...

The ability of bovine follicular fluid (FF) and oviduct fluid (ODF) to capacitate sperm was determined. At concentrations of greater than 20%, both FF and ODF capacitated sperm within 4 hours, but at concentrations greater than 40%, FF also initiated the acrosome reaction. Non-luteal ODF at a concentration greater than ...

13C-NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the level of cytoplasmic malate in maize root tips that exhibited different rates of malate synthesis. Intracellular malate was 13C-labeled at carbons 1 and 4 by perfusing root tips with 5 nM H13CO3-. This labeling reflects the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and malate dehydrogenase ...

In the absence of glycolytic support, mammalian sperm derive their energy for motility from a densely packed array of mitochondria at the base of the flagellum known as the midpiece. Using data on the morphometric dimensions of over 200 mammalian species, we found that an allometric relationship exists between midpiece ...

When mouse epididymal spermatozoa were rapidly frozen in two steps (37 to -70 degrees C for solid CO2 and -70 to -196 degrees C for liquid nitrogen) as pellets, 18% raffinose provided the greatest protection to ICR mouse spermatozoa against cold-shock; sperm motility and fertilizing ability were 43% and 22.4%, ...

Radiocesium contamination from the Chernobyl accident of different parts (fruits, leaves, and shoots) of selected apricot trees in North Greece was systematically measured in 1987 and 1988. The results are presented and discussed in the framework of a simple compartment model describing the long-term contamination uptake mechanism of deciduous fruit ...

The concentrations of the glucoside picein and its aglucone piceol (4-hydroxy acetophenone) in the needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) are considered indicators of plant stress. By use of two clones and a natural population of Norway spruce it was shown that the picein concentration was dependent on ...

Hamster epididymal spermatozoa became virtually immotile following washing and dilution in chemically defined medium (TLP-PVA). The sperm motility factors (penicillamine, hypotaurine, and epinephrine: PHE) were examined for their ability to reactivate immotile sperm. Sperm could be reactivated by addition of PHE at 1 h of incubation. Hypotaurine alone was capable ...

To study the ability of bacteria associated with coronal caries to initiate root surface caries, a rat model was used. Root surfaces were exposed by gingivectomy in rats fed a caries-promoting diet and orally inoculated with either Actinomyces viscosus M-100, Streptococcus sobrinus (mutans) 6715, or both. A fourth group received ...

Bovine spermatozoa from five bulls (158 ejaculates) were collected into one-piece combination liner-collection cones in an artificial vagina. Spermatozoal motility and differential staining were evaluated at each sequential step of semen processing. Linear 30-min and nonlinear 150-min cooling profiles resulted in equivalent postthaw spermatozoan survival rates. Preglycerolation holding times of ...

Oocyte fertilization occurred during three in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF/ET) treatment cycles of an infertile couple but failed during an IVF cycle when the husband took amantadine for prophylaxis against viral infection. Semen parameters were similar to those of other cycles attempted by this couple as well as to those ...

A quantitative method was used to determine whether the spermatozoa of foreign species could pass through the uterotubal junction (UTJ) of the hamster as efficiently as homologous (hamster) spermatozoa. Estrous female hamsters were artificially inseminated with epididymal spermatozoa of homologous and heterologous (foreign) species. The number and distribution of spermatozoa ...

Application of lithium ions to tips of roots of Zea mays L. cv. Silver Queen shifts the direction of initial orthogravitropic curvature from downward to upward. The production of this putatively incidental perturbation of orthogravitropic bending kinetics by a pharmacological agent might provide insight into both ortho- and plagiogravitropism. Additionally, ...

A method for the preservation in liquid nitrogen of shoot tips (meristems) of D. LANATA is described. It includes the following steps: (a) hardening of shoots by cultivation at 4 degrees C for 8 weeks, (b) treatment of the explanted shoot tips with cryoprotectors, e.g., 2 mol DMSO l (-1) ...

The hypothetical hyperrobust australopithecine gnathic nutcracker adaptation is reexamined in light of ecobotanical information on edible wild nuts provided by the flora of tropical and subtropical Africa. The nut producing species are tree-forms. Those of the forest region do not as a rule produce fruits with edible mesocarps. In contrast, ...

Twenty ejaculates, 4 from each of 5 native goats, were collected using an artificial vagina, and the effects of glycerol level (4, 6.4 and 9 %) and the equilibration period (1, 3 and 5 h) were studied by split-sample technique. The extender used was Tris egg yolk citric acid fructose ...

In nature titi monkeys spend virtually all of their time in trees. Preferences for certain heights above the ground or for trees per se are probably not, however, the immediate causes of this behavior, for animals housed in a large field cage containing many trees spend most of their time ...

Foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract are common. They may cause minimal disturbance of function, severe morbidity or even sudden death. They enter the aerodigestive tract because of haste during eating, disturbances in physical function, impairments due to extreme youth or age, or contamination of food with foreign bodies. Common ...

The common garden variety dahlia was once an important root crop and medicinal plant among the pre-Columbian Indians of central Mexico, Yucatan and Guatemala. Its roots were valued both for the nutritious inulin stored inside them and for the antibiotic compounds concentrated in the skin of the tubers. The dahlia ...

The accumulation of lead from motor vehicle exhaust on leaves of banyan trees (Ficus benghalensis) growing on roadsides from different traffic density regions of Calcutta has been investigated and the values have been compared with a few samples from remote areas. The analysis has been performed during the summer (April-July) ...

A technique is described for the cryopreservation of Giardia intestinalis trophozoites. The most satisfactory results were obtained when organisms were preserved with either 7.5 or 10% dimethyl sulphoxide (Me2SO) and cooled using a liquid nitrogen controlled freezer. Under these conditions more than 70% of organisms were motile after thawing. Lower ...

Large quantities of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomules were cryopreserved in 35% ethanediol, and attempts were made to improve their morphology and infectivity after thawing. Several variables affected the appearance of the thawed organisms. These included: 1) the particular in vitro method used to transform cercariae to schistosomules; 2) addition of serotonin ...

Root and shoot growth were severely suppressed in colchicine-pretreated lettuce achenes germinated in the dark and under illumination of 150 lux. Abnormal nuclear morphology rather than normal-appearing restitution nuclei was evident in these drug-pretreated achenes, there being no evidence of normal mitotic behaviour or cytokinetic activity in the root and ...