We investigate possible mass shift and width broadening of J/psi in hot gluonic matter using QCD sum rules. Input values of gluon condensates at finite temperature are extracted from lattice QCD data for the energy density and pressure. Although stability of the moment ratio is achieved only up to T/Tc ...

The systematic affinities of several Palaeozoic skeletal taxa were only resolved when their soft-tissue morphology was revealed by the discovery of exceptionally preserved specimens. The conodonts provide a classic example, their tooth-like elements having been assigned to various invertebrate and vertebrate groups for more than 125 years until the discovery ...

Irradiation of the melatonin metabolite N(1)-acetyl-N(2)-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) with UV light of 254 nm causes the release of carbon monoxide (CO) and, thus, deformylation to N(1)-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK). Liberation of CO was demonstrated by reduction of PdCl(2) to metallic palladium, under avoidance of actions by other reductants. Photochemical AMK formation was not ...

PEGylation induced increase in colloidal osmotic pressure (COP) of Hb, one of the unique molecular properties of PEG-Hb conjugates, facilitates the neutralization of the vasoconstrictive activity of acellular Hb is a function of chemistry of conjugation of PEG-chains. The dependence of COP with the chemistry is a consequence of PEGylation ...

Grid illusions, including the Hermann grid and scintillating grid (in which light disks are superimposed upon the grid intersections), are diminished by curving the alleys that limn the repeating pattern. Curvature might either disrupt the processes that induce the illusion, or simply make the illusory effects harder to see. To ...

2-Alkylcyclobutanones, such as 2-dodecylcyclobutanone and 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone, were analyzed to assess the irradiation history of irradiated meats or fish, and cooked foods with irradiated ingredients, which had been stored frozen for up to one year. The purpose of the study was to show that irradiated meats could be detected even after ...

The objective was to create an inexpensive, portable, and accurate absorptive radiation force balance to measure acoustic powers of up to 100 watts generated by the high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) transducer. This paper describes the process of making an effective absorbing target with commercially available ingredients. Four different absorbing ...

Ultraviolet (UV)-induced chemical reactions and inactivation of microorganisms in transparent and opaque fluids are strongly dependent upon the homogenous exposure of the target species to the UV irradiation. Current UV technologies used in water disinfection and food preservation applications have limited efficacy due to suspended particles shading target species. An ...

We have investigated the subcellular accumulation and transport of camptothecin (CPT), a monoterpene indole alkaloid, in hairy roots of Ophiorrhiza pumila. This hairy root produces high amounts of CPT and excretes it into the culture medium. When the hairy roots were exposed to UV radiation, autofluorescence emitted from CPT showed ...

2-Chlorophenol (2-CP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) at initial concentrations of 10, 20, 50 and 100mg l(-1) were degraded in aqueous media by direct UV photolysis using dielectric barrier discharge XeBr( *) excilamp (283nm) in a flow-through photoreactor. The pseudo-first order rate constants were highest and half-life times were lowest ...

This paper reports our recent efforts to develop novel tricycles based on 4H-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-one ( 2) and 1,1-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-2H-1lambda(6)-benzo[1,4]thiazin-3-one (3) using 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (1). All of these tricycles integrate two privileged structures into one skeleton, including 3,8-dihydro-5-thia-1,3,8-triaza-cyclopenta[b]naphthalene-7-one (4, 10, 12), 5,5-dioxo-3,5,6,8-tetrahydro-5lambda(6)-thia-1,3,8-triaza-cyclopenta[b]naphthalene-7-one (5, 11), 3,8-dihydro-5-thia-1,2,3,8-tetraaza-cyclopenta[b]naphthalene-7-one (6), 5,5-dioxo-3,5,6,8-tetrahydro-5lambda(6)-thia-1,2,3,8-tetraaza-cyclopenta[b]naphthalene-7-one (7), 3,8-dihydro-1H-5-thia-1,3,8-triaza-cyclopenta[b]naphthalene-2,7-dione (8), and 5,5-dioxo-3,5,6,8-tetrahydro-1H-5lambda(6)-thia-1,3,8-triaza-cyclopenta[b]naphthalene-2,7-dione (9). A ...

Ionizing radiation (IR) is known to impair learning by suppressing adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. However, in a mature nervous system, IR-induced functional alterations that are independent of neurogenesis remain largely unknown. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of IR on a food-NaCl associative learning paradigm of adult ...

Food irradiation is the process of exposing food to ionising radiation in order to disinfect, sanitise, sterilise and preserve food or to provide insect disinfestation. Irradiated food should be adequately labelled according to international and national guidelines. In many countries, there are furthermore restrictions to the product-specific maximal dose that ...

Exposure of living organisms to open space requires a high level of tolerance to desiccation, cold, and radiation. Among animals, only anhydrobiotic species can fulfill these requirements. The invertebrate phylum Tardigrada includes many anhydrobiotic species, which are adapted to survive in very dry or cold environmental conditions. As a likely ...

Photoprotection is an effective method for preventing damaging effects from ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Photoprotection is accomplished through the use of sunscreens, protective clothing, and safe sun practices. Sunscreens are composed of various UV filters, including inorganic/physical blockers and organic/chemical sunscreen agents. New technologies are emerging in sunscreen development and may ...

In order to avoid environmental threats, organisms may respond by altering behavior or phenotype. Using experiments performed in high-latitude Siberia and in temperate Sweden, we show for the first time that, among freshwater crustacean zooplankton, the defense against threats from ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a system where phenotypic plasticity and ...

Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical compound largely used in the plastics industry, can end up in aquatic systems, which it disturbs by its endocrine disrupting effect (EDE). This study investigated the BPA degradation upon ultrasonic action under different experimental conditions. The effect of saturating gas (oxygen, argon and air), BPA ...

During an annual cycle, Daphnia spinulata collected from a plankton community of Patagonia was exposed outdoors to assess the impact of recently received solar radiation on motility (i.e. swimming speed and gravitaxis). Individual values of these parameters were obtained by video recordings and image analysis at different time intervals during ...

In this study, we report on the development of discrete fibrin microthreads as well as novel scaffolds composed of arrays of fibrin threads. These scaffolds exhibit mechanical properties that are significantly greater than fibrin gels and cellular responses suggesting that the materials are conducive to the development of organized, aligned ...

Food irradiation has been considered as a safe processing technology to improve food safety and preservation, eliminating efficiently bacterial pathogens, parasites and insects. This study aims to characterize the toxicological potential of 2-alkylcyclobutanones (2-ACBs), radiolytic derivatives of triglycerides, formed uniquely upon irradiation of fat-containing food. In irradiated food they are ...

Scytonemin is an ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-screening compound synthesized by some sheathed cyanobacteria exposed to high solar and sky radiation. It is primarily produced in response to UVA radiation, but certain environmental stresses can enhance synthesis. This study focuses on the effects of periodic desiccation on scytonemin synthesis in three desiccation-tolerant ...

[structure: see text]. A diastereomeric mixture of chiral 25-(1S)-camphorsulfonyloxy-26-isopropoxycalix[4]arene 2a (de 15%) and 25-isopropoxy-26-((1S)-10-camphorsulfonyl)calix[4]arene 2b has been obtained by asymmetrical lower rim (1S)-camphorsulfonylation of the monoisopropoxycalix[4]arene. Pure diastereomer 2a has been obtained by simple crystallization, and its absolute configuration has been determinated by X-ray analysis. Enantiomerically pure inherently chiral 5,11-dibromo-26-isopropoxycalix[4]arene ...

We present an observation of B-->eta'K*. The data sample corresponds to 232x10(6) BB[over ] pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. We measure the branching fractions (in units of 10(-6)) B(B(0)-->eta'K*0)=3.8+/-1.1+/-0.5 and B(B+-->eta'K*+)=4.9(1.7)(+1.9)+/-0.8, where the first error is statistical ...

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the influence of plate roughness on well-known absolute or relative UV spectroscopic indices such as the in vitro SPF, in vitro UVA PF (PPD), UVA/UVB ratio, critical wavelength and SPF/UVA PF (PPD) ratio. Firstly, a roughness index was measured by non-contact surface ...

The degradation of hydrazine (N(2)H(4)) with concentrations of 0.1 and 1.0 mmol/L was investigated as a function of pH under the stirring (300 rpm) and ultrasonic irradiation (200 kHz, 200 W) conditions. It was found that the hydrazine degradation depended greatly upon pH under the ultrasonic irradiation condition, while it ...

Simultaneous application of UV light and ultrasonic irradiation to a reaction mixture containing 1-iodocyclohexene is reported. The irradiation of 1-iodocyclohexene in methanol was carried out with or without addition of zinc. The effect of ultrasound or mechanical stirring on this solid-liquid system was also compared. The irradiation of 1-iodocyclohexene in ...

In this study, the effects of low energy ultrasound irradiation on landfill leachate treatment by means of sequencing bath reactor were investigated. The aim of this work was to estimate the influence of leachate irradiation time on aerobic treatment efficiency. The sonification of the leachate was carried out in static ...

BACKGROUND: Sunscreens are being widely used to reduce exposure to harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The fact that some sunscreens are photounstable has been known for many years. Since the UV-absorbing ingredients of sunscreens may be photounstable, especially in the long wavelength region, it is of great interest to determine their ...

L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L: -DOPA), an allelochemical exuded from the roots of velvet bean [Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis], presents a highly inhibitory action to plant growth. The effects of L-DOPA on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) and peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) activities, and phenolic compound and lignin content in soybean ...

Fluorescence measurements were used to compare characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from distinctly different origins: boreal, agricultural and urban streams as well as a storm runoff pond and the outlet of a tertiary wastewater treatment plant. The primary goal was to determine if differences among stream types could be ...

We investigated the photomutagenicity of maltol (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one) in bacterial cells. Maltol has a caramel-butterscotch odour and is used as a food additive to impart flavour to bread and cakes. Unirradiated maltol was not mutagenic up to 5 mg/plate in the Ames test. When maltol was irradiated with either UVA (a ...

Gamma radiation effectively controls Listeria monocytogenes in uncooked and in ready-to-eat foods. This study was conducted to determine if gamma radiation could be used to control L. monocytogenes in ground pork. Ground pork was contaminated with L. monocytogenes, kept at refrigeration (4 degrees C), chilling (0 degrees C), and freezing ...

Using a data sample of 58 x 10(6) J/psi decays collected with the Beijing Spectrometer II detector at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider, searches for invisible decays of eta and eta' in J/psi to phi eta and phi eta' are performed. The phi signals, which are reconstructed in K+K- final ...

Hydrophobic ([tetrakis(2,4-dimetil-3-pentyloxi)-phthalocyaninate]zinc(II)) (ZnPc) and hydrophilic ([tetrakis(N,N,N-trimethylammoniumetoxi)-phthalocyaninate]zinc(II) tetraiodide) (ZnPcMet) phthalocyanines were synthesized and loaded in ultradeformable liposomes (UDL) of soybean phosphatidylcholine and sodium cholate (6:1, w/w, ratio), resulting 100 nm mean size vesicles of negative Zeta potential, with encapsulation efficiencies of 85 and 53%, enthalpy of phase transition of 5.33 and ...

Protozoan parasites can survive under ambient and refrigerated storage conditions when associated with a range of substrates. Consequently, various treatments have been used to inactivate protozoan parasites (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Cyclospora) in food, water, and environmental systems. Physical treatments that affect survival or removal of protozoan parasites include freezing, heating, ...

Furan and acrylamide are two possible carcinogens commonly found in many thermally processed foods. The possibility of using ionizing radiation to reduce the levels of thermally induced furan and acrylamide in water and selected foods was investigated. Aqueous furan solutions, and foods (frankfurters, sausages, infant sweet potatoes) that contained furan ...

We examine the dependence of event rates at neutrino telescopes on the neutrino-nucleon cross section for neutrinos with energy above 1 PeV, and contrast the results with those for cosmic ray experiments. Scaling of the standard model cross sections leaves the rate of upward events essentially unchanged. Details, such as ...

We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to clinically evaluate the protective and ameliorative effects of ellagic acid-rich pomegranate extract on pigmentation in the skin after ultraviolet ray (UV) irradiation, using female subjects in their 20s to 40s. Thirteen healthy volunteers per group were randomly assigned to three groups; namely, high ...

Irradiation of fresh meat to control microbial pathogens received approval from the federal government in February 2000. Food irradiation is a useful, albeit underutilized, process that can help protect the public from foodborne illnesses. The objective of this study was to determine consumer knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward irradiated meat ...

Theory predicts and observations confirm that low-mass stars (like the Sun) in their early life grow by accreting gas from the surrounding material. But for stars approximately 10 times more massive than the Sun (approximately 10M(o)), the powerful stellar radiation is expected to inhibit accretion and thus limit the growth ...

We calculate the charm-quark contribution to the decay K(L)-->mu(+)mu(-) in next-to-next-to-leading order of QCD. This new contribution reduces the theoretical uncertainty in the relevant parameter P(c) from +/-22% down to +/-7%, corresponding to scale uncertainties of +/-3% and +/-6% in the short-distance part of the branching ratio and the determination ...

We have used self-consistent field theory to calculate the tensile moduli of triblock copolymers in lamellar microstructures prepared from linear and star architectures. The extensional moduli K(33) are the main contributors to the tensile moduli, and the contribution of K(U)33 (the internal energy contribution to K(33)) is the main component ...

The reactivity of tyrosinase adsorbed on nanogold bound with 4,4'-bis(methanethiol)biphenyl monolayer self-assembled on a gold disk with catechol in a dipolar aprotic solvent, acetonitrile (AN), was studied by cyclic voltammetric and amperometric methods. Tyrosinase exhibited characteristics of a Michaelis-Menten kinetic mechanism. The tyrosinase attached to the nanogold continued to react ...

We have developed three methods for removing organic impurities as well as a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method for removing metallic and ionic impurities from recovered [18O]H2O. Preliminary experiments with [16O]H2O were used to determine the optimal purification conditions. These showed that UV irradiation rapidly (<4 h) eliminated low boiling point ...

The African cichlid fish radiations are the most diverse extant animal radiations and provide a unique system to test predictions of speciation and adaptive radiation theory. The past few years have seen major advances in the phylogenetics, evolutionary biogeography and ecology of cichlid fish. Most of this work has concentrated ...

The ultraviolet UV solar radiation flux is monitored over a fixed time interval to study the daily, monthly and annual variations for a nearly one decade in Riyadh. Mathematical expressions will be presented based on a comparison between theoretical and experimental values. It is believed that the present analysis of ...

Beliefs have a significant effect on the health behaviors of individuals and educators; however, they can be difficult to change. The purpose of this study was to determine if exposing community health educators, specifically family and consumer sciences county extension educators, to a multicomponent professional development training on food irradiation ...

An investigation into the influence of UV irradiation on elastin hydrolysates dissolved in water was carried out using UV-Vis spectroscopy and spectrofluorometry. It was found that the absorption of elastin hydrolysates in solution increased during irradiation of the sample. For fluorescence of elastin hydrolysates we observed both, a decrease and ...

The Savannah River Site (SRS) is one of the largest facilities in the nation's nuclear weapons complex. To date, little information has been published regarding radiation risk estimates derived from epidemiological studies of SRS workers. As part of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study of SRS workers, we have assessed the ...

Using data collected with the CLEO detector operating at the CESR e+e- collider at sqrt[s]=3.97-4.26 GeV, we investigate 15 charmonium decay modes of the psi(4040), psi(4160), and Y(4260) resonances. We confirm, at 11 sigma significance, the BABAR Y(4260)-->pi+pi- J/psi discovery, make the first observation of Y(4260)--> pi(0)pi(0) J/psi (5.1 sigma), ...