The cytotoxicity of seven specimens of respirable talc dust for mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro was studied. All talcs showed modest but consistent macrophage cytotoxicity and would be expected to be fibrogenic in vivo. Available data suggest that under certain circumstances respirable talc can cause lung fibrosis in animal inhalation ...

Peritonitis was produced in rabbits using a human fecal suspension. Catheters for multiple peritoneal lavage then were inserted and continuous irrigation was performed. Contrast material was injected on day 1, 2, or 3 to evaluate the mechanical effectiveness of irrigation. Radiologic studies revealed that contrast material penetrated most or all ...

An important series of issues confronts the animal research scientist involved in meeting world needs for food products from animal agriculture. The major issues stem from societal pressures for improved products, for prevention of chemical pollution of the biosphere, and for wise use of animal resources in toxicological testing and ...

Queuine, a modified base found in transfer RNA, appears to be a new dietary factor because (i) previous studies have shown that mice require it for the expression of queuine-containing transfer RNA's but apparently do not synthesize it, and (ii) significant amounts of free queuine are present in common plant ...

This study compared the effects of transection of the lateral olfactory tracts (LOT) and the accessory olfactory tracts (AOT) in male hamsters on nest building, food piling, and sexual behavior. Autoradiographic tracing of amino acids injected into the olfactory bulbs allowed accurate determination of the location and extent of the ...

An increased number of reports have appeared in the literature describing the harmful effects of degraded and undegraded carrageenan supplied to several animal species in their diet or drinking fluid. The harmful effects include foetal toxicity, teratogenicity, birth defects, pulmonary lesions, hepatomegaly, prolonged storage in Kupffer cells, ulcerative disease of ...

The body weight of male rats with lateral hypothalamic lesions remained approximately 20% below that maintained by nonlesioned controls. One month following surgery, both food intake and energy losses in feces and urine were measured in all animals for five days. The percentage of ingested food absorbed by the gut ...

1. Bioavailability studies and current methodologies provide a very useful system for assessing the safety of radioactive drug related residues in food-producing animals. 2. Two year chronic toxicity studies provide useful information regarding the toxic properties of the parent drug but they have limited value for the assessment of safety ...

By feeding rats their essential nutrition through gastric intubation and test foods on a programmed feeder it is possible to determine the cariogenicity of many foods in animals. Because the test food is the only substance that contacts teeth, all carious lesions that develop can be ascribed solely to the ...

Daytime restriction of food and water availability in nocturnal animals phase-shifts the circadian periodicity of plasma corticosteroid concentrations and body temperature. These shifted rhythms do not persist in animals with lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus, in contrast to our previous reports of persistence of such shifted rhythms in animals with ...

As a prelude to a flight experiment, an attempt was made to separate energy requirements associated with gravity from all other metabolic needs. The biological effects of weightlessness were simulated by suspending animals in a harness so that antigravity muscles were not supporting the body. Twelve pairs of rats were ...

Some illustrations are given of how historical factors, such as the pattern of domestication of animals, and plants, and religious traditions, work together to form cultural determinants of diet. It is suggested that some long-term genetic changes in human populations may have come about as a result of consumption of ...

Early studies of hypothalamic function found that damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) resulted in marked overeating but inferior performance in food-motivated tasks, leading several investigators to conclude that hyperphagic VMH animals were actually less hungry than normal animals. However, numerous studies have since demonstrated that under certain conditions VMH-damaged ...

The periodontal effects of food consistency and of experimental occlusal stresses were clinically studied with healthy and arteriosclerotic rats. Experimental arteriosclerosis was induced with a hypercholesterolemic diet continued for 6 -- 12 months. By using food that was finely powdered and moistened, mechanical irritation of the periodontium was reduced to ...

A system of miniature anechoic chambers for chronically exposing a sizeable number of animals to microwave radiation was developed in which each animal can be individually exposed to microwaves or sham-exposed under controlled environmental conditions. Each animal is supplied with food and water by means designed to eliminate undesirable perturbations ...

Fasting affects the body retention and tissue distribution of Ga-67 in experimental animals. In Ga-67 experiments, therefore, a difference in food intake between treated and control animals might result in confusing side effects. We have observed this in irradiation studies. It is suggested that a fasting regimen should be imposed ...

Mice were trained to find buried food pellets or amyl acetate-scented sugar cubes. After training, the mice were intranasally irrigated with saline or one of several mitotic inhibitors--hydroxyurea (10 mM), ethidium bromide (2 mM), cytosine arabinoside (10 mM), or colchicine (0.25 mM). The behavioral testing was continued daily. By day ...

Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a widespread and often sub-clinical microsporidian parasite of homeothermic animals, including man. The biology, pathology and taxonomy of the organism is reviewed and the available diagnostic methods discussed. Transmission is almost invariably via the oral route either by ingestion of contaminated tissues and other foods or by ...

The therapeutic efficacy of a 0.5% cuprimyxin plus 1% hydrocortisone acetate-water-base suspension was evaluated in 130 clinical cases of otitis externa in dogs and cats in various geographic areas of the United States. The otic microbial flora was studied before treatment in 125 (96%) of the dogs and cats, with ...

The indisputable need to intensify animal production in order to provide an adequate food supply for the world population involves the use of substances that are highly potent pharmacologically and toxicologically. The history of regulatory action with regard to such additives is similar to that for other substances: first, no ...

Sharp reductions in the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.)) population in the Mallee are associated with annual myxomatosis epizootics. The extent to which the population reductions are the direct result of the epizootics varies with time of epizootic occurrence. All grazing animals in the Mallee are under nutritional stress each ...

For different reasons urban areas are colonized by numerous animal groups. From the aspect of the incidence of zoonoses the following animal groups are primarily significant: 1) food-producing animals; 2) pets; 3) synanthropic mammals; 4) synanthropic birds; 5) synanthropic arthropods. Certain species live in central parts of urban areas which ...

The paper gives a survey of health risks associated with the occurrence of animals in urbanized areas. The author distinguishes the following animal categories involved: I. food-producing animals; 2. pets; 3. synanthropic mammals; 4. synanthropic birds; 5. wild mammals and birds; 6. synanthropic arthropods. From the aspect of animal occurrence ...

Practically all today's raw agricultural products have been treated or exposed to one or more agricultural chemicals or veterinary products, in order to increase food production. A tremendous amount of work has been done by veterinarians in coping with diseases and health risks due to microorganisms, parasites and other agents ...

Substances described as progestogens differ greatly in their additional properties, which determine the limitations of their clinical use. The extrapolation of animal assays to human use requires caution, since synergism with oestrogens, which is usually necessary, shows widely-differing species-specific ratios. In other ratios, progestogens are often antagonistic to oestrogens.

Using histologic techniques, we have quantified the amount of infiltration of bronchi and alveoli by polymorphonuclear leukocytes during the 4 hours after an aerosol inoculation of mice with bacteria. Although the lungs of animals challenged with Staphylococcus aureus differed little from those of animals exposed only to a water aerosol, ...

Three experiments with C57BL/10J mice examined the possible roles of cage size and simple motor practice as factors responsible for producing improved performance of animals reared in enriched environments. Neither factor was found sufficient to improve subsequent performance in a food-seeking task. Mice reared in flat environments containing a variety ...

Male rats (N = 27) were given initial experience with escapable shock, equivalent amounts of inescapable shock, or no shock. Measures were then obtained in the ensuing 15 hours on food intake, water intake, number of cage crossings, and weight change for all groups. Following this, animals were tested on ...

The orbital sinus bleeding technique was used to obtain 1-3 ml samples of venous blood from chinchillas (Chinchilla laniger) within 1 minute. By monitoring food intake and body weight, this technique was shown to have no detrimental effects on the general health of the animals, but serial samples taken twice ...

A discrete behavioral task was initiated to study the effects of a 300-rad variable dose rate exposure profile upon positively (food reward) and negatively (mild shock) reinforced groups of primates. Animals performed the task for 12 h. Performance decrements were readily apparent in 2 of 8 shock and 2 of ...

Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) were deprived of food and water for several weeks during the fall and winter in a cold-room hibernaculum (Ta 5-8 degrees C), and for several days at room temperature during the summer. Body temperatures (Tb) were determined periodically in nine animals by radiotransmitters implanted in ...

White leghorn cockerels of the same age with combs of about equal size and raised under identical conditions were injected with melatonin, 5-methoxytryptophol, or with 5-methoxytryptophol in combination with melatonin. Melatonin, injected in animals with small comb sizes, has no effect on testicular growth, whereas an inhibiting effect is noticed ...

1. Fluctuations in the rate of secretion and metabolism of thyroxine in the pig were observed whilst the ambient temperature was reduced from 32 to 8 degrees C. The quantity of food supplied was either maintained constant or doubled when the animals were exposed to the lower temperature. 2. It ...

In a previous experiment, it was demonstrated that the removal of portions of the optic tectum in a turtle, Podocnemis unifilis, impaired its ability to perform a horizontal vs. vertical line discrimination task. To further elucidate the nature of this deficit, turtles (P. unifilis) were operantly conditioned to locate a ...

It is clear that most zoos feed their gorillas a principally frugivorous diet, while the diets of wild gorilla populations are undoubtedly basically herbivorous. The primary food plant of western and eastern lowland gorillas is Aframomum, and Blancou (1955) even maintains that these plants possess active parasiticidal qualities, but this ...

One hundred and four animals aged 13-18 months were measured at monthly or two monthly intervals, as were comparable numbers of animals 19-36 months old. Height, girth and circumference of the cannon bone below the knee were recorded, measurements for colts and fillies are shown separately. The average height at ...

Tales of dangerous marine animals have flourished, entwining history, legend and imagination. Man is now demonstrating his remarkable adaptability in returning to the aquatic environment, from which he had his origins, and factual knowledge of marine creatures is surplanting mystery, folklore and fear. There is still cause to fear certain ...

Analyses for lead content were carried out on 78 random samples of pet food (purchased in local grocery outlets) and on 25 individual rations for laboratory animals. The lead content of 46 samples of cat food ranged from 0.1 to 7.6 mug/g, 32 dog foods ranged from 0.1 to 3.4 ...

Research in the United States on synthetic sources of dietary calories was initiated in 1958 to develop high nutrient density food for extended manned space travel. Of many known compounds screened, 1,3-butanediol was the most promising. Small amounts in ester form with fatty acids exist in nature, and tests indicate ...

The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) (from the Greek phascolarctos meaning leather pouch and bear, cinereus ashen grey in colour) is Australia's most admired native animal but very little scientific reference material is available on this unique animal. The demands of the fur trade during the latter half of the last century ...

This study was designed to explore the relationship of estrogen, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and food availability to endocytosis in developing oocytes. When estrogen alone is administered to an animal, large amounts of vitellogenin are synthesized by the liver and secreted into the circulatory system, where it accumulates. Under these ...

In rhesus monkeys with knife cuts which disconnected the ventromedial hypothalamus and produced hypothalamic hyperphagia, we have studied a variety of stimuli known to reduce food intake: weight gain, emotionally arousing stimuli, bitter-tasting food, amphetamine, and pre-prandial intragastric infusion of nutrient. We demonstrate that these animals are similar to animals ...

Histoplasmosis was diagnosed histopathologically in a female chinchilla. This animal had originated from a commercial chinchilla ranch in central Missouri. Seventeen of 130 animals in the colony had died within a month's period with a respiratory illness. This animal had a history of fur chewing, but this was not true ...

The rationale for studying certain hypothalamic nuclei and the pituitary and adrenal glands of the pocket mice that flew on Apollo XVII was the need to evaluate the effects of the potentially severe stress on these animals in the foreign environment of flight canister, weightlessness, increased G forces, and other ...

Pocket mice are facultative homoiotherms with the ability to drop their metabolic rate dramatically while at rest or in response to environmental stresses. Under these conditions, they characteristically enter a state of prolonged torpor. These animals require no drinking water and they can live in darkness for many months without ...

1. Leptospires of mozdok serotype of the Pomona serogroup possessed specific pathogenic properties for a definite subspecies of Apodemus agrarius. They caused carriership in rodents of a European population, but were unable to cause such a process in Far East mice. However, leptospires of monjakov and pomona types were also ...

A survey of the relationship between caries prevalence and the consumption of sugar and other foods by man has been interpreted to show that snack foods share importance with sucrose in caries causation. Support for this conclusion is found in animal experiments and some in vitro and in vivo tests.

A method for the assessment of behaviour of the cardiac frequency regulation in freely moving animals by means of telestimulation and biotelemetry is described. The results of the examinations allow, in spite of individual variability, a classification of the animals into different types of regulation by consideration of the biorhythm. ...

The mound known as Cayönü Tepesi (38 degrees 16' N; 39 degrees 43' E) in southeastern Turkey is one of the increasing number of early village sites which, since World War II, have been excavated archeologically in greater southwestern Asia. The evidence recovered in the autumn 1972 campaign of the ...

The Canadian Veterinary Medical Association (CVMA) develops position statements on national issues affecting the veterinary profession. The CVMA's National Issues Committee in close consultation with the CVMA membership has developed this position statement on antimicrobial use in animals, in particular, the implications of antimicrobial use in food animal production on ...