The effects of repeated administration of different macronutrient loads on spontaneous food intake and body weight of male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. For 6 wk, eight groups of five rats each received two daily intragastric loads, 3.5 h apart, consisting of isocaloric amounts of one of the following: albumin, sucrose, ...

Rats were lesioned bilaterally in the globus pallidus (GP) with anodal current or 6-OHDA, and were observed in various motor tests 10 min daily for 3 weeks. Body weight, home cage water and food intakes were recorded daily under two different food accessibility conditions. The lesions produced adipsia, aphagia, loss ...

Sectioning the hepatic branch of the anterior abdominal vagal trunk attenuated but did not abolish the normal nocturnal bias in the day-night distribution of food intake in female rats. Neither total daily food intake nor body weight was affected by hepatic vagotomy. This effect appeared to be specific to the ...

The effects of ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions on plasma corticosterone, insulin, and glucose levels were studied in food-restricted and ad lib fed female rats. VMH lesions resulted in significant elevations of corticosterone and insulin levels compared to control values during the first 25 days after surgery. However, unlike insulin values ...

The addition of quinine to the food reversed the obesity in rats with hypothalamic hyperphagia induced by knife cuts. Similarly, the injection of quinine into rats with hypothalamic knife cuts reduced food intake and body weight but the effects were smaller than those observed when quinine was added to the ...

Twelve rats with amygdala damage (CBM) and 20 sham-operated controls were tested in several food-related situations. The CBM rats showed a longer latency to eat than controls in a novel environment due to more pronounced exploration. In the competition for food, CBM rats lost 85% of encounters with controls. Immediately ...

Rats anticipate daily 2 hr meals with a sharp increase in activity several hours prior to food availability. The present experiment examined the response to phase shifts of food access in rats with lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Following entrainment of activity to 2 hr of food per day, ...

Quantities of food required by Sprague-Dawley rats during gestation and lactation and in the post-lactation period were examined. Rats allowed to eat ad libitum during pregnancy consumed quantities of food only slightly greater than the amount reported to be the average intake of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (20 g/day). Rats delivered ...

The study was designed to determine the effect of dietary tyrosine levels on food intake in the zinc-deficient rat. This was accomplished by using free L-amino acids as the source of nitrogen and manipulating the tyrosine concentrations in the diet. Results showed that low dietary tyrosine significantly increased food intake ...

Much evidence has accumulated indicating that cigarette smokers weigh less than non-smokers and that smokers gain weight when they cease smoking. In the present study we evaluated the effects of cigarette smoke and nicotine on food intake, weight gain, resting energy output, brown fat mass and opiate binding (opiates initiate ...

The effect of hypophagia following lesions of the area postrema and caudal-medial aspect of the nucleus of the solitary tract AP/cmNTS) on body-weight, water intake and preference for palatable diets was examined. Following AP/cmNTS ablation, rats reduced pelleted-food intake to a degree which was sufficient to account for the weight ...

The effect of cecectomy on food intake and defecation was studied in Wistar rats fed ad libitum or under restriction. Food intake, fecal output, dry matter and water content of feces, and numbers of scybala increased significantly in both groups of cecectomized rats. The weight of scybala and their dry ...

Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the Okamoto-Aoki-strain (n = 20) and normotensive rats (NCR) of a random-bred Wistar strain (n = 20) were kept in low-pressure chambers for 13 days at sea-level atmospheric pressure, then for 20 days at a simulated altitude of 4000 m, and subsequently again for 10 ...

The relationships among food intake, insulin secretion, and adrenocortical function are reviewed. It is hypothesized that a major role of structures in, or passing through, the ventromedial hypothalamus is to inhibit food intake, insulin secretion, and adrenocortical function during the day (in the nocturnally active rat) and that this activity ...

Presenting rats with a 0.9 per cent sodium chloride solution to drink instead of water had little or no effect on body weight gain and food intake, but resting oxygen consumption and total energy expenditure (corrected for body size) were elevated, and thermogenic responses to both noradrenaline and a meal ...

Lesions which destroy the area postrema (AP) and damage the adjacent nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) produce a constellation of behavioral signs which include overingestion of highly palatable food, exaggerated drinking in response to angiotensin II, diminished feeding in response to glucoprivation and chronically reduced body weight. The diversity ...

Three experiments contrasted the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the ventral noradrenergic and dorsal noradrenergic projections, predominantly to hypothalamus and cortex, respectively, upon body weight changes and food-related behaviour in the rat. In general, ventral noradrenergic bundle lesions enhanced weight gain and these effects were exaggerated by the provision of ...

The effect of intragastric ethanol, 7.8 g/kg, on the microsomal enzyme activities NADPH cytochrome c reductase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, were investigated in two sizes (150 g and 260 g) of mature male rats having free access to food and water for the 23 hours following ethanol administration. Controls ...

Male weanling rats, fed a riboflavin-deficient diet for 14 days showed impairments in reactivity to the hyperphagic action of either insulin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) and in sensitivity to the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin or alloxan. The intraperitoneal injection of riboflavin (160 micrograms/rat) resulted in an immediate restoration in FAD-dependent activation ...

To help identify determinants of rat appetitive behavior during the weanling period, rat pups 17-32 days of age were studied in a Y-maze. One arm of the maze provided pups with the opportunity to suckle a lactating or nonlactating anesthetized female. The other arm always contained a familiar food, either ...

Using standard reference snack foods, we tested a method, using rats fed in a programmed feeding machine, to evaluate the caries-promoting properties of foods. Results, which were expressed in relation to a control food, indicate that the method distinguished differences in caries potential among a number of different snack foods. ...

Intestinal uptake of antigenically intact food proteins was measured by a solid phase radioimmunoassay on serum samples after instillation of food proteins into a closed intestinal loop of adult Wistar rats. Compared to normal controls, rats fed protein deficient diets during five months had a higher macromolecular uptake. During the ...

Rats were trained to feed each day from 10 o'clock to 12 noon. Once a week in an environment of Ta--15 degrees C, additional food was made available 16 m from a thermoneutral refuge. The additional food offered was either shortcake, meat pâté, peanut butter, Coca-cola, all of these (cafeteria), ...

The present study was undertaken to examine how morphine changes food and water intake in non-fasted or fasted rats with different administration times. Morphine (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered at 10:45 (light period) or 18:45 (dark period). Morphine increased food and water intake in non-fasted rats 2 ...

Despite the hyperphagia, the food intake of the lactating rat showed marked diurnal changes which paralleled those of virgin rats. The major difference was that lactating rats consumed a higher proportion (35%) of their diet during the light period than did virgin rats (14%). The peak rate of lipogenesis in ...

In order to compare phenolic and tyrosyl ring monodeiodination, we investigated 3'-isopropyl-3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (DIIP), a potent thyronine analog which can only be monodeiodinated on the tyrosyl ring. A specific RIA was developed. The in vivo metabolism and biological potency of DIIP and T3 were compared. DIIP and T3 kinetic studies were ...

Male and female rats were given three palatable, high energy foods either simultaneously or in succession during three 40 min courses. Both simultaneous and successive variety enhanced energy intake compared to the intake of single palatable foods, which was itself enhanced compared to the intake of chow. Rats deprived of ...

Rats prescreened for responses to dipsogens received anteroventral third cerebral ventricular (AV3V) or sham lesions (ether anesthesia). Many known effects of AV3V lesions were observed, and new findings include a failure to drink adequately in response to polyethylene glycol (PEG) and water deprivation (regardless of responses to other dipsogens) and ...

The role of brain serotonin levels in Walker 256 tumor induced anorexia was investigated. Total and free plasma tryptophan, regional brain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were determined at night, and their relationship to nocturnal anorexia assessed by linear regression analysis. No significant difference in tryptophan, serotonin, or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels ...

Recent data suggests that quinine adulteration of rats' maintenance diets may suppress food intake by postingestional (i.e., pharmacological or toxicological) mechanisms. This possibility was tested by increasing rats' rates of drug excretion prior to presentation of quinine maintenance diets. This treatment increased consumption of 3 concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.4%) of ...

A deafferentation procedure was used to examine the contributions of trigeminal orosensation to the control of ingestive behavior in the rat. The procedure removed somatosensory input from the mouth, sparing olfaction, lingual taste, and vibrissae inputs as well as proprioceptive afferents from and efferents to the jaw muscles. Rats with ...

Lean Sprague-Dawley rats underwent surgery in which 10 or 20 cm of the lower ileum was transposed to the middle of the duodenum. After the surgery, food passed through the stomach and upper duodenum before moving into the transposed ileal segment. Unabsorbed food moved on into the lower duodenum and ...

Rats partially deprived of food were trained individually to press a lever in the presence of a vertical, 60-Hz electric field and not to press in its absence. Correct detections that occurred during brief, 3- or 4-s trials occasionally produced a food pellet. The probability of detecting the field was ...

The light/dark (L/D) rhythms of food and water intake, urine output and Na+, Cl- and K+ excretion were studied in male Wistar albino rats subjected either to constant light (LL) or darkness (DD). The LL regimen had a suppressive effect on the daily food and water intake, urine output and ...

The changes of food intake after administration of glucose or a mixture of amino acids were determined in rat pups from the 5th to the 23rd day of life. The milk intake was significantly reduced 90 min after glucose treatment in 17 day-old pups, while decreased food intake after injection ...

The circadian feeding rhythm and food intake under restricted feeding conditions, including adiurnal feeding cycles, were examined in rats with bilateral lesions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Although rats with SCN-lesions ate nearly as much food per day as those with control-lesions, their feeding pattern did not show circadian rhythmicity. ...

Behavioral and physiological consequences of heparinoid injections, which increase plasma levels of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) by releasing lipoproteinlipase into the circulation, were studied in rats, because, according to the lipostatic hypothesis of food intake control, changes in plasma metabolite levels should influence food intake. Subcutaneously injected 55 mg/kg body ...

A potent, homogeneous, 50 kDa protein which transiently depresses food intake of rats up to 24 h after injection was isolated from rat urine. It was prepared from an ethanolic benzoic acid precipitate of urine. The material was subjected to DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, whereupon four fractions (DEAE pools a, b, c, ...

By 20 days of age, dehydration produces a clear anorexia, even though weanling rats have had only limited feeding and drinking experience. Their lack of ingestive experience makes weanlings good subjects for studying the physiological mechanisms subserving anorexic phenomena because learned contributions are unlikely to add significant complications. Twenty-day-old rats ...

The effects of dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DNB) lesions on plasma corticosterone levels were determined in male albino rats. DNB lesions did not affect baseline plasma corticosterone levels. Furthermore, the increased corticosterone levels produced by various environmental manipulations did not differ between control and DNB lesioned groups. However, the lesioned group ...

Streptozotocin diabetic rats received four daily subcutaneous injections of glycerol or a glycerol solution in place of water for a seven day period. Both night and total food intake in the subcutaneous glycerol group were significantly suppressed below untreated diabetic controls. The oral glycerol group showed a nonsignificant decrease in ...

The effects of electrolytic midbrain raphe lesions on ingestive behavior and locomotor activity of rats were compared to those produced by intracerebral injections of 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine (5,7 DHT) at various points along the ascending serotonergic pathways. Only electrolytic lesions of the median and/or dorsal raphe nuclei produced significant changes in ...

The food intakes of male and female rats (Harvard strain) adapted to cold (5 degrees C) starting at weaning were studied in the cold and during reacclimation to 25 degrees C. Following 24 hr food deprivation, the male rats regained the weight they had lost without making up for the ...

Bilateral destruction of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) eliminated light-dark (L/D) variations in water intake and urine output in albino rats. The lesions abolished also the circadian rhythm of food intake, without changing significantly the 24 hour number of meals, total meal duration and 24 hour food intake. Only the L/D ...

Large lesions of the rostral zona incerta (ZI) permanently reduced food and water intake and body weight to about 75% of control levels. When quinine hydrochloride was added to the water supply, the experimental animals exhibited a somewhat greater initial decrease in fluid consumption, but otherwise responded much like control ...

A simple and relatively inexpensive lick counter-volumeter is described which automatically records liquid intake and drinking behavior of rats. It counts lick contacts while accurately measuring the rate of volume intake in constant unit volumes. The unit volumes are adjustable over a wide range. For a unit volume on the ...

Following destructions of the prefrontal medial brain area in dogs two basis changes were noticed: an increase in food intake (14 dogs--group I) and a decrease of food intake (16 dogs--group II). On the basis of a histological analysis one can conclude that the differences in size, site and depth ...

Weaning rats were allowed access to food for either 5 hours or 24 hours per day. Within each food availability condition one group had access to a complete diet and one group had access to the complete diet and a 32% solution of sucrose. Caloric intake and rates of growth ...

This study tested the hypothesis that exposure of the lower intestine to nutrients decreases subsequent food intake. Eight male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent jejunoileal bypass surgery with 8 cm of proximal jejunum anastomosed to 5 cm of terminal ileum in an end-to-side fashion. Eight control rats had sham bypass surgery with ...

To test the possibility that theophylline induced circadian disappearance of food intake might depend upon rhythmic disruption of blood glucose, insulin and free fatty acids (FFA), theophylline was administered chronically. This markedly lengthened postprandial intermeal intervals during the dark, and induced approximately identical intermeal intervals and identical meal sizes in ...