William Beaumont noted the gastric effects of vegetable fiber and suggested that dietary fiber may provide health benefits. In the last decade investigators documented the physiological effects of fiber on gastric emptying, intestinal nutrient absorption rates, and colon function. Further clinical investigation and much more of the type of repetitive ...

In addition to studies on the action of gastric juice, William Beaumont studied the motility of Alexis St. Martin's stomach. He documented the nature of fundal and antral motility and how antral contractions might convert an admixture of solid food and gastric juice into a uniform homogenous semifluid. Beaumont described ...

Previous studies suggested that the food-containing canine stomach retains large, nondigestible spheres until all food has emptied; but it is not known whether there is a threshold size or a gradation of sizes that will empty along with food. Further, nothing is known of the effects of such parameters as ...

The pathology of the alimentary tracts of nine patients dying of Salmonella typhimurium infection is reviewed. Two patients had previous gastric operations, supporting previous reports that such patients are more susceptible to food poisoning. Four had no parietal (oxyntic) cells in the gastric mucosa, suggesting hypo- or anacidity. Only one ...

We tested whether indigestible solids could empty from the canine stomach independently of gastric burst motor activity. Test meals contained polycarbophil, an indigestible particulate (1-3 mm diameter) substance. Test meals were slurries of 30 or 90 g of radiolabeled polycarbophil particles in saline. Meals were administered via an oral gastric ...

Associated with the development of methods to quantify gastric emptying, there has been an increased understanding of the physiology of gastric emptying in normal subjects and the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of gastric emptying disorders. The measurement of gastric emptying, using radionuclide-labeled food markers and a scintillation camera, has widespread ...

In animal and human studies, the gastric emptying of large (greater than 1 mm) indigestible solids is due to the activity of the interdigestive migrating myoelectric complex. The gastric residence time (GRT) of an orally administered, nondigestible, pH-sensitive, radiotelemetric device (Heidelberg capsule) was evaluated in three studies in healthy volunteers. ...

There has been a greatly increased understanding of the physiology of gastric emptying in normal subjects, and of the pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment of gastric emptying disorders associated with the development and application of methods to quantify gastric emptying in humans. The non-invasive measurement of gastric emptying by means of ...

One hundred and fourteen patients attending for barium meal examination were randomly allocated to receive Buscopan (hyoscine N-butylbromide, Boehringer Ingelheim; 20 mg) or glucagon (0.5 mg) as paralysing agents, or sterile water as control. The radiographs were analysed with regard to (a) gastric and duodenal distension and coating and (b) ...

Some years ago, we reported that the increased blood intake of hypoglycemic rats was inhibited by the intravenous infusion of fructose, a sugar that cannot cross the blood-brain barrier and nourish cerebral chemoreceptors. More recent experiments therefore have focused on visceral factors in the control of food intake. Three observations ...

The effect of a single dose of (+/-)-fenfluramine hydrochloride (40 mg) on gastric emptying of a mixed solid and liquid meal was assessed with a dual isotope scintigraphic technique in eight obese patients. Fenfluramine significantly delayed gastric emptying of solid food (approximately a 15% reduction in the solid linear emptying ...

The effect of the presence of food in the intestinal lumen on fluid transport by an intestinal loop isolated from nutrients is debatable and seems to be species dependent. The aim of the present study was to investigate this effect in humans. Fluid and ion transport by a 30-cm-long jejunal ...

Cannulae were surgically implanted in the caudoventral margin of the glandular stomach of 10 Single Comb White Leghorn hens to permit collection of gastric secretions. A total of 44 experiments was performed. The hens were fasted for 24 hr after which secretions were collected separately for three 20-min periods with ...

Rats were fitted with gastric cannulas, food deprived, and allowed to drink a sugar solution that drained out of the opened cannula; i.e., the rats sham-fed. Although this procedure is thought to prevent absorption of ingested food, it was found that the sham feeding of a 32% glucose or sucrose ...

The physiological significance of the residual distal stomach after proximal gastrectomy (PG) was evaluated in dogs from the view-point of serum gastrin. The fasting gastrin levels in both (1/2 and 2/3) PG groups were high, especially in the 1/2 PG group. The serum gastrin levels did not decrease with time ...

Secretion from Duvernoy's gland of the colubrid snakes Malpolon, Spalerosophis, and Thamnophis was obtained by pilocarpine stimulation and tested for lethality and selected enzymatic activities. Pools of secretion from Malpolon and Spalerosophis were fractionated by gel filtration, and several major active fractions were examined. The secretion from Malpolon had an ...

With the carrageenin food oedema assay, we studied in rats the effects of indomethacin on inflammation, gastric ulcers and lipid peroxide levels. Our results show a positive correlation between ulceration and plasma lipid peroxides. We suggest that the ulceration could be due to inhibition of prostacyclin synthetase by lipid peroxides.

The synthetic analog of ceruletide, (beta-Asp9) ceruletide, which in previous studies was found to retain some central effects of ceruletide with virtually no effect on gallbladder contraction, was studied for its stimulatory effect on pancreatic secretion. This peptide was shown to induce an increase in the volume of pancreatic juice ...

A technique for the implantation of a pH electrode into the stomach of the toad, Bufo marinus, is described. The technique permits continuous monitoring of gastric pH for extended periods. Results from continuous monitoring and from acute measurements of gastric pH are compared in fasting and fed toads. Prostaglandin E, ...

The author describes a specific intermediate condition of the response to atropine during the 2nd stage of denervation of the human parotid gland. Of the entire cohort of 110 subjects, some 20 subjects have been observed systematically. They demonstrated an extremely intense atropine salivation that followed an additional trigger activation, ...

Five Labrador retrievers provided with one vagally innervated and one denervated pouch were given graded doses of food composed of liver, heart and bonemeal to make dose/response curves of food-stimulated gastric secretion. A constant ranitidine infusion resulted in a decreased inhibition of acid output as the physiological stimulation increased both ...

This study was undertaken to compare with previously published findings in normal subjects and subjects after truncal vagotomy and antrectomy the effects of nonresective ulcer surgery on (a) gastric emptying, grinding, and sieving of solid food and on (b) pancreatic and biliary secretions. Six subjects with proximal gastric vagotomy and ...

The urinary excretions by young healthy men of histamine and its metabolites, N tau-methylhistamine, imidazole acetic acid, and imidazole acetic acid conjugate(s), increased 1-3 h after food intake. The increase was seen even after the intake of konnyaku (mannan) as a protein-deficient food, suggesting that physical stimulation of the gastric ...

Glycemia, free fatty acids, insulinemia, hepatic glycogen, adrenal ascorbic acid, the amount of food ingested and of feces eliminated, gastric emptying and body weight were measured in two groups of rats of the same age. The F, free fed group was subjected to fast during 22 hours and then had ...

In chronic experiments on five dogs with stomach fistulas and bipolar electrodes (6-8 pairs) symmetrically implanted in the cranial bones we recorded simultaneously the activity of the stomach balloonographically and the electroencephalogram using the Nikhon Koden encephalograph with automatic analysis of the frequency spectrum within five ranges: 2-4, 4-8, 8-12, ...

The individual daily intake of gluten was calculated in 45 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) on the basis of a depth interview about food habits. Gastric and small intestinal morphology and function were studied concurrently. Mean daily gluten intake was estimated to be 15 g, a figure which corresponds well ...

The effects of administration of (pyro)Glu-His-Gly-OH and its analogs on food consumption and 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2-DG)-induced gastric acid secretion were examined in rats. (Pyro)Glu-His-Gly-OH and (pyro)Glu-His-EA significantly reduced food consumption, but not gastric acid secretion as compared with controls. The tripeptides: (pyro)Glu-3Me-His-Gly-OH, (pyro)Glu-His-D-Ala-OH, and (pyro)Glu-Phe-Gly-OH were found to significantly inhibit 2-DG-induced ...

This study was designed to assess the relative influence of meal weight and caloric content on gastric emptying of liquid and solid meals in man. A dual radioisotopic method which permits noninvasive and simultaneous measurement of liquid- and solid-phase emptying by external gamma camera techniques was employed. Nine healthy volunteer ...

A technique for determination of the prostaglandin E2 biosynthetic capacity ( PGBC ) of gastric mucosa is described. The effects of food deprivation and indomethacin pretreatment on PGBC were studied. Indomethacin (1 mg/kg i.p.) significantly reduced the PGBC of fundal and antral tissue. This effect was more marked in the ...

In conscious rats provided with appropriate indwelling catheters the steady-state adaptation of digestive enzymes in pancreatic juice is investigated in relation to different food composition. Six isocaloric diets with different composition of carbohydrates (5-70%), proteins (10-57%) and fat (0-38%) are applied for two weeks before operation and also afterwards. The ...

Studies on the relevance of scintigraphy and breath hydrogen analysis to the measurement of small bowel transit time are outlined. The main dietary factor influencing small bowel transit time appears to be the level of unabsorbable carbohydrate. The rates of gastric emptying and small bowel transit seem to be largely ...

The release of gastrin into the serum of five conscious gastric fistula dogs after a meat meal was monitored for 2 hours. Neither the rate of increase in serum gastrin nor the 2 hour cumulative integrated gastrin response was changed by administration of small doses of somatostatin tetradecapeptide (0.5 microgram/kg.hr ...

The transit 111In-labelled polymer beads of different particle sizes in the stomach and colon of five healthy Beagle dogs was monitored after intake of different kinds of meal by a gamma camera and data processor system. The various meals studied were a solid balanced type of dog food mixed with ...

To determine whether extrinsic nerves of the stomach play a role in the short-term inhibition of food intake, 4 inbred Lewis rats received a supernumerary transplant of the stomach, duodenum, proximal jejunum and pancreas. When 4 or 8 cc of liquid diet was infused into the transplanted stomach, the rats ...

Four hundred and eight sudden cardiac deaths are reviewed from epidemiological and pathological viewpoints. All cases were investigated by Otago coroners between 1971 and 1979. Necropsies were performed personally by the author, these representing over 80% of such examinations in the specified period. Fifty-four point nine percent of the deaths ...

In a double-blind study comparing ranitidine to placebo in the treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), we assessed gastric emptying time, gastroesophageal reflux, and gastrin response to food. Mean half-time for gastric emptying, measured using 99mTc-sulfur colloid, was 109 minutes in GERD and 102 minutes in nine healthy asymptomatic ...

In a series of feeding pattern studies, amphetamine was shown to produce a period of complete anorexia often followed by a broken nibbling pattern of eating. Fenfluramine produced a regular feeding pattern in which a depressed meal size was not compensated for by an increase in meal frequency. The disproportionate ...

Previous methods for correction of depth used geometric means of simultaneously obtained anterior and posterior counts. The present study compares this method with a new one that uses computations of depth based on peak-to-scatter (P:S) ratios. Six normal volunteers were fed a meal of beef stew, water, and chicken liver ...

In farmed raccoon dogs and blue foxes, the hepatic content of cytochrome P-450 and the activity of polysubstrate mono-oxygenase with benzo(a)pyrene and 7-ethoxycoumarin as substrates, as well as activity of UDP glucuronosyltransferase were of the same order of magnitude as those in the laboratory rat. The amount of reduced glutathione ...

This paper reviews the literature on the role of food in the homeostatic regulation of serum and tissue gastrin levels. In general, the scientific evidence indicates that, in addition to neural and systemic factors (not reviewed here), the chemical rather than the physical characteristics of a meal play an important ...

Acute gastric dilatation occurs sporadically in laboratory-housed nonhuman primates. Clinical histories often include chronic drug administration, food restriction, accidental overfeeding, and prior anesthesia. Monkeys may be found dead or may have clinical signs of colic, abdominal distention, and dyspnea. Death in untreated cases is due to impaired venous return and ...

A radiolabeled cellulose (131I-fiber) that retains the essential physical and chemical properties of this class of fiber was developed in our laboratory. We quantified the fate of orally ingested 131I-fiber in healthy individuals by external gamma camera monitoring and fecal collections. The marker passes virtually intact through the human gastrointestinal ...

The influence of food deprivation on the release of somatostatin and gastrin from the rat stomach was investigated using an isolated, vascularly perfused rat stomach preparation. Basal and acetylcholine-stimulated gastrin release were significantly lower after a 3 day starvation, whereas the inhibitory effect of acetylcholine and the stimulatory effect of ...

The inhibitory effect of a new H2-receptor antagonist YM-11170 on gastric acid response to histamine and food was compared with that of cimetidine in the conscious dog with a Heidenhain pouch. When given intravenously at a steady state of gastric secretion by continuous infusion of histamine. YM-11170 was 42 times ...

In five conscious dogs motility of the antrum, pyloric sphincter, and duodenum was recorded with strain gauge transducers and induction coils. Gastric evacuation of low, medium, and high viscosity meals was measured via a duodenal cannula and observed simultaneously by radiography. Computer analysis of the propagation of the gastric waves ...

The aim of the study was to determine the basal and meal stimulated plasma gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide levels in six morbidly obese patients before and after partial gastric transection (gastroplasty), an operation which results in the distention of the stomach with a small volume of food. The partial gastric ...

Determinations were made of the Zn and Mg contents of pancreatic juice in 12 cases undergoing external pancreatic duct drainage following pancreaticoduodenectomy in order to investigate the output and excretion pattern of trace elements in pancreatic juice and also to study their relations to pancreatic enzyme secretion and fibrosis of ...

Antroduodenal motility was studied before, during, and after food intake in patients with X-ray-negative dyspepsia and abnormal duodenal loop and in normals. No differences were observed between X-ray-negative dyspepsia and a proximally located abnormal duodenal loop. Patients with a distal duodenal anomaly had significantly higher food-stimulated duodenal activity than any ...

Bombesin, administered by intravenous infusion (5 ng . kg-1 . min-1) for 60 min, significantly delayed gastric emptying of solids in man and strongly potentiated the gastrin response to food. However, no correlation was found between the difference in the integrated gastrin response (to meal and to meal plus bombesin) ...

The present study was undertaken to determine whether colestipol-phenol red complexes can be used as markers for gastrointestinal transit of solid food. Colestipol (1.0g) bound completely with phenol red (10 mg) to form a stable complex in water (pH 7.0) Phenol red was more readily eluted from colestipol with 20 ...