Autophagy dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The expression of LC3II and sequestosome 1 (P62) were progressively increased in the lumbar spinal cord of ALS mice. However, whether autophagy is activated or inhibited is still unclear. By treating mice with food restriction, a well-recognized ...

Abstract Previous studies have related levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) of seabirds to variation in foraging conditions during the breeding period, but it is unclear whether similar relationships between foraging conditions and baseline CORT exist during other life stages. We validated methods for identifying baseline CORT of lethally sampled birds ...

Evaluate achievement of the Stephanie Alexander Kitchen Garden Program in increasing child appreciation of diverse, healthy foods. Comparative 2-year study. Six program and 6 comparison primary schools in rural and metropolitan Victoria, Australia, matched for socioeconomic status and size. A total of 764 children in grades 3 to 6 (8-12 ...

To obtain the best results from their organizations' food service programs, hospital leaders should conduct in-depth assessments of the programs with the guidance of individuals who possess expertise in the broader food service industry. Such an assessment should comprise three broad steps: A contractual best-practice evaluation. A financial analysis. An ...

Each year, >9 million foodborne illnesses are estimated to be caused by major pathogens acquired in the United States. Preventing these illnesses is challenging because resources are limited and linking individual illnesses to a particular food is rarely possible except during an outbreak. We developed a method of attributing illnesses ...

Mexico's Oportunidades program provides conditional cash transfers, nutrition education, health services, and fortified food supplements for the young children of poor families. We have documented the effects of the program on growth and reduction of anemia. To better understand the impact pathways and disentangle the relative effects on dietary intake ...

Adaptation to nutrient scarcity depends on the activation of metabolic programs to efficiently use internal reserves of energy. Activation of these programs in abundant food regimens can extend life span. However, the common molecular and metabolic changes that promote adaptation to nutritional stress and extend life span are mostly unknown. ...

Known pathogens cause an estimated 9.4 million foodborne illnesses annually in the United States. CDC collects data on foodborne disease outbreaks submitted by all states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico through CDC's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System. Data reported for each outbreak include the number of illnesses, hospitalizations, ...

Functional food for prevention of chronic diseases is one of this century's key global challenges. Cancer is not only the first or second leading cause of death in China and other countries across the world, but also has diet as one of the most important modifiable risk factors. Major dietary ...

Few studies have evaluated the association of diet and weight status with head and neck cancer outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pretreatment dietary patterns and weight status are associated with head and neck cancer prognosis. This was a longitudinal study of 542 patients with newly ...

Television watching has been positively associated with overeating and obesity. How popular food-related television shows affects eating behavior has not been examined. An experimental study was conducted to examine how exposure to a food-related television program affects amount and type of food consumed in adults (N=80). Participants were randomized to ...

This work presents the enforcement performance of recent Haulien County, Taiwan municipal solid waste (MSW) recycling management programs. These programs include: Mandatory Refuse Sorting and Recycling, Diverse Bulk Waste Reuse, Pay-as-you-Discharge, Total Food Waste Recycling, Restricted Use on Plastic Shopping Bags & Plastic Tableware, Recycling Fund Management, and Ash Reuse. ...

This study examined barium concentration in the mushroom Trogia venenata, the leading culprit for sudden unexpected deaths in Yunnan, southwest China. We found that barium in T. venenata from Yunnan were low and comparable to other foods, inconsistent with barium in this mushroom as a significant contributor to these deaths.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Produktion und Verbrauch von Nahrungsmitteln sind traditionell mit weit reichenden Ängsten verknüpft. Bezogen diese sich in vormodernen Gesellschaften vorrangig auf eine ausreichende Versorgung, sind sie in der modernen Industriegesellschaft eher auf die Qualität der Nahrungsmittel gerichtet. In diesem Zusammenhang spielten in der Nachkriegszeit Antibiotika eine zentrale Rolle. Der Aufsatz ...

Recent clinical trials comparing the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents targeting low (generally a hemoglobin of 90-115 g/L) and near-normal hemoglobin targets (generally a hemoglobin >130 g/L) in patients with chronic kidney disease have shown no improvements in clinical outcomes (aside from a small reduction in transfusion) and potential harm for ...

Few epidemiologic studies have examined the potential cardiovascular mechanisms of tomato-based food products, the primary dietary source of lycopene. We examined the cross-sectional association between tomato-based food product intake and coronary biomarkers in the Women's Health Study. Tomato-based food products (tomatoes, tomato juice, tomato sauce, pizza) were summed from a ...

Less healthy diets are common in high income countries, although proportionally higher in those of low socio-economic status. Food subsidy programs are one strategy to promote healthy nutrition and to reduce socio-economic inequalities in health. This review summarises the evidence for the health and nutritional impacts of food subsidy programs ...

To determine whether food insecurity--the inability to reliably afford safe and nutritious food--is associated with poor glycemic control and whether this association is mediated by difficulty following a healthy diet, diabetes self-efficacy, or emotional distress related to diabetes. We used multivariable regression models to examine the association between food insecurity ...

Aims:  The objective was to study growth of Pseudomonas in a food product (tofu) where it typically occurs as a spoilage organism, and when this product is stored under modified atmosphere. Methods and Results:  A Pseudomonas strain was isolated from the endogenous microflora of tofu. Tofu was inoculated with the ...

The aim of the study was to test three different hand-milking techniques ("pull down", "thumb in", and "full hand grip") and their effects on milk production and teat treatment. This is important since milk production in many tropical areas still rely on hand-milking. The study was carried out at a ...

The purpose of the current work was to examine the complexation of a mammalian protein, hemoglobin (Hb) with a food additive hesperidin at physiological conditions. Molecular modeling, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) methods were exploited to analyze the binding domain, affinity, and the effects of hesperidin conjugation on Hb spatial ...

Many developing countries are experiencing a rapid nutrition transition in urban areas. To investigate whether a nutrition transition was occurring in a rural area by examining the dietary patterns of women in rural Tanzania. A total of 252 women aged 16 to 45 years from three districts of northeastern and ...

In this study we evaluated Pavlovian conditioned food anticipatory behaviour as a potential indicator for stress in groups of Atlantic salmon, and compared this with the physiological stress responses of cortisol excretion into water and hyper-consumption of oxygen. We hypothesised that environmental stress would result in reduced feeding motivation. To ...

Background:  Despite the increasing prevalence of food allergy, few studies have assessed the prevalence of perceived food-induced symptoms among school-aged children. There is also a paucity of data on how children with food reactions are managed. We investigated the frequency and characteristics of perceived food reactions in school-aged children. Methods:  ...

We compared behavioural and physiological responses and recovery time after different acute environmental challenges in groups of salmon parr. The fish were prior to the study conditioned to a flashing light signalling arrival of food 30s later to study if the strength of Pavlovian conditioned food anticipatory behaviour can be ...

My work (Mark S. Gold) began in the 70s looking for the mechanisms of drug reinforcement and withdrawal. Through observation and experience, drugs of abuse and the drive for food appeared to be quite related. As pioneered by Bart Hoebel, food can become an object of desire and act in ...

In recent years each edition of HEPATOLOGY has included a viewpoint article written by a member of the Editorial team. This month Dr. Michael Charlton has offered his turn at the microphone to Professor Donald Jensen, from the University of Chicago, in order that he can address a pressing issue ...

As obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and the metabolic syndrome sweep across the research and the clinical landscape of medical care, effective pharmacologic remedies for the treatment of obesity have become imperative. The complexities of nutrient impact on neurotransmitter and endocrine modulating chemistry have become increasingly better characterized as have ...

Conducting clinical trials for diabetes can present researchers with a number of regulatory questions. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has increased regulatory enforcement at clinical sites, with an increased emphasis on oversight by principal investigators (PIs; referred to by the FDA as the clinical investigator). The FDA has issued ...

Amoebic dysentery is caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. It is transmitted in areas where poor sanitation allows contamination of drinking water and food with faeces. In these areas, up to 40% of people with diarrhoea may have amoebic dysentery. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and ...

To test the effectiveness of the sterilization process of the transducer while applying the Food and Drug Administration recommendations on a routine basis in a high-volume clinical setup. In June 2006, the Food and Drug Administration issued a Public Health notification about reprocessing of the reusable ultrasound transducer assemblies used ...

The biochemical methane potentials for typical fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) and food waste (FW) from a northern China city were investigated, which were 0.30, 0.56 m3 CH4/kgVS (volatile solids) with biodegradabilities of 59.3% and 83.6%, respectively. Individual anaerobic digestion testes of FVW and FW we re conducted at the ...

The study aimed to analyze the themes related to the area of food safety surveillance that were approached in scientific research studies from postgraduate programs, with potential in-service application. A total of 337 theses and dissertations submitted to Universidade de São Paulo between 1993 and 2007 was analyzed. The results ...

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending certain of its general regulations to include tobacco products, where appropriate, in light of FDA's authority to regulate these products under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (Tobacco Control Act). With these amendments, tobacco products will be subject to the ...

Background: Epidemiological data on food allergy are scarce in African countries. We studied the prevalence of food sensitization in Ghanaian schoolchildren. Methods: Children (5-16 years; n = 1,714) from 9 Ghanaian schools were given parental consent to participate in the study. Adverse reactions and food consumption were determined by a ...

Veterinarians are confronted with a variety of food and nutrition-related skin diseases, with cutaneous food adverse reaction the most common in small animal dermatology. In addition to canine atopic dermatitis, cutaneous food adverse reaction has been an area of interest for extensive research for the last decade. Nutritional deficiencies and ...

In food science the Maillard reaction is well known to cause degradation of amino acids and an overall decrease in the nutritional value of foods that have been subjected to heat in processing. There has been evidence more recently of the endogenous formation of some Maillard reaction products (MRPs) in ...

Perceived and objective food hypersensitivity reactions are increasing steadily in the western countries. Therefore, otorhinolaryngologists are facing more frequently the challenge to evaluate individual food hypersensitivity reactions, to set these reactions into context with otorhinolaryngologic symptoms and to start systemic and appropriate diagnostic procedures and possibly therapy. Although a good ...

Edible composite coatings based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydrophobic components (beeswax and shellac), and food preservatives with antifungal properties were evaluated on "Ortanique" mandarins during long-term cold storage. Selected food preservatives included potassium sorbate (PS), sodium benzoate (SB), sodium propionate (SP), and their mixtures. Intact mandarins or mandarins artificially inoculated ...

2-Methyltetrahydrothiophen-3-one (3) is a volatile compound that plays an important role especially in food and flavour chemistry because it contributes to the aroma of several foodstuffs including wine. Although 3 can be formed by chemical reactions during food preparation, it is also produced by microorganisms. Recent studies with yeasts showed ...

To date, there are sparse data on epinephrine treatment for food-related anaphylaxis in adults. We sought to establish the frequency of more than one epinephrine treatment for adult patients who present with food-related anaphylaxis to the emergency department (ED). We performed a chart review, at two academic centers, of all ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of adverse food reactions (AFRs) in dogs with dermatological signs presented to the referral dermatological clinic of the University of Milan. METHODS: The medical records of dogs with dermatological signs were reviewed. Prevalence of AFRs was calculated. Owner and clinician pruritus scores were compared. Breed, ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review current evidence on food oral immunotherapy (OIT). RECENT FINDINGS: Desensitized state, defined as the ingestion of a substantial amount of food in the home diet that protects from severe reactions to accidental exposures, can be achieved by approximately 50-75% of the children treated with OIT. ...

Anaphylaxis is the most concerning manifestation of hypersensitivity. Recent thorough investigations on the pathophysiology of anaphylaxis achieved important advances in its understanding, regarding in particular the emerging role of mediators such as platelet activating factor (PAF) and sphyngosine 1 phosphate (S1P) and the improved knowledge on the actors of the ...

Federal regulation of the traditional art of pharmacy practice compounding is an unsettled area of the law and the profession. For many years, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was not interested in compounding. Attempts to regulate by FDA and Congress have caused difficulty within the profession, litigation with inconsistent ...

Coronary vasospasm can be induced by allergic reactions with some chemical mediators, and the angina and myocardial infarction secondary to allergy-induced coronary vasospasm are referred to as "Kounis syndrome." Only two cases of Kounis syndrome following food ingestion have been reported. However, they had pre-existing atheromatous coronary artery disease, and ...

Food allergy is defined as reaction to a food which has an immunologic mechanism. Its prevalence is increasing in children globally and is therefore of increasing clinical importance. A useful clinical approach is to distinguish food allergic reactions by the timing of clinical reaction in relation to food exposure and ...

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is an epoxide that is used as a starting substance in the manufacture of can coatings for food-contact applications. Following migration from the can coating into food, BADGE levels decay and new reaction products are formed by reaction with food ingredients. The significant decay of ...

The application of microwaves as an efficient form of volumetric heating to promote organic reactions was recognized in the mid-1980 s. It has a much longer history in the food research and industry where microwave irradiation was studied in depth to optimize food browning and the development of desirable flavours ...

Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening systemic allergic reaction, often with an explosive onset; the symptoms range from mild flushing to upper respiratory obstruction, with or without vascular collapse. Foods are common offending allergens and remain the leading cause of outpatient anaphylaxis in most surveys. Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a plant ...