For estimating herbage intake during grazing, the traditional sward cutting technique was compared in grazing experiments in 2002 and 2003 with the recently developed n-alkanes technique and with the net energy method. The first method estimates herbage intake by the difference between the herbage mass before and after grazing and ...

If cows or sheep are grazing on areas known for a higher dioxin level of the soil, respectively, dry cows are fed with feedstuffs produced on such areas, the dioxin concentration in food, in this case in cows' milk and livers of sheep could reach or exceed maximum levels. Furthermore ...

Effects of artificial insemination (AI) and natural service (NS) breeding systems on pregnancy rates (PR) by stage of lactation, season, and changes in milk production over time were examined using lactation and herd DHIA records of Holstein cows in dairy herds located in Florida and Georgia. The reported genetic profile ...

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of anthelmintic treatment at calving in herds that were totally or semiconfined during the summer. In totally confined herds, lactating and dry cows were housed throughout the summer and had no access to pasture. In semiconfined herds, lactating and dry ...

An expert group was established in 2001 representing various organisations and authorities responsible for primary production, food processing, the distribution and consumption of foodstuffs, food safety and availability, catering and extension services, nature conservation, research into environmental impacts, and the media. The aim was to strengthen networking and improve the ...

The diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 1 gene (DGAT1) was investigated in Polish Black-and-White cattle. The frequency of the K allele was 0.60, 0.68 and 0.48 for AI sires (n=150), young bulls (n=139) and cows (n=213), respectively. The method of selective genotyping for identification of the quantitative trait nucleotide was verified through identification ...

The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) among deer and rabbits surrounding infected and noninfected Minnesota dairy farms using fecal culture, and to describe the frequency that farm management practices were used that could potentially lead to transmission of infection between ...

Animal models have been invaluable for studying aspects of food intake regulation that for various reasons cannot be observed in humans. The dairy cow is a unique animal model because of an unrivaled energy requirement; its great drive to eat results in feeding behavior responses to treatments within the physiological ...

In 1998 and 1999, fecal samples were collected from 669 beef cows on 39 farms located within 10 counties of Ontario. Overall prevalences of Giardia, Cryptosporidium muris, and Cryptosporidium parvum in cows were 8.7%, 10.6%, and 18.4%, respectively. Of the 39 farms sampled, Giardia was detected on 64%, Cr. muris ...

The iodine supply in Germany has improved throughout the last decade, albeit with enormous differences between individuals and regions. In the Thuringian city of Jena, analyses of the iodine content of human milk have been undertaken regularly since 1982. Significantly increasing iodine concentrations in human and cow's milk have been ...

Grazing behavior of Holstein cows in late lactation at 2 pasture allowances without or with supplementation was studied in a single reversal design. Twenty multiparous cows (4 ruminally cannulated) grazed a bromegrass/orchardgrass pasture offered at 2 pasture allowances: 1) low, and 2) high, with 25 and 40 kg/d of DM ...

The objective of this study was to compare the conception rate for fixed-timed artificial insemination (FTAI) and observed heat artificial insemination (HAI) prior to the scheduled FTAI in Ovsynch and Heatsynch synchronization protocols. In Experiment 1, lactating dairy cows (n=535) received two set-up injections of 25mg prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) i.m., ...

Lamb, beef and cow's milk are common causes of cutaneous adverse food reactions in dogs. The aim of this study was to identify the proteins responsible for cutaneous adverse reactions to these foods. Ten dogs with allergen-specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E to lamb, beef and cow's milk were included in the ...

The effect of Leptocorisa oratorius (F.) on the yield, grain quality, and seed viability of four rice, Oryza sativa L., lines was studied. Three of the lines, C2, IR64, and PSBRc20, are grown in the Philippines. The fourth, IR72164-201-1 is an unreleased experimental line of an O. sativa japonica x ...

Bollgard II cotton event 15985 producing the Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 proteins has been developed by genetic modification to broaden the spectrum of insects to which the plant is tolerant and to provide an insect resistance management tool to impede the onset of resistance. The purpose of this study was to ...

The objectives of this study were to compare milk coagulation ability (MCA) and the prevalence of noncoagulation of milk within the main Finnish dairy breeds, Finnish Ayrshire (FA) and Holstein-Friesian (HOL), as well as to study the herd effect on MCA. Data used in the statistical analyses consisted of individual ...

French dairy herds (n = 534) were enrolled in the National 'Zero Mastitis Objective' Program to highlight management practices characterizing very low somatic cell score (SCS) herds. The herds studied were stratified into 2 groups. The first group (LOW) included herds within the first 5 percentiles and the second group ...

Dry periods of 40 to 60 d have been an industry standard because dry periods <40 d have resulted in reduced milk yields in the subsequent lactation by 10 to 30%. However, recent research has demonstrated no production losses for cows given a 30-d dry period. The current study evaluated ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate rumen transfaunation after surgical correction of left-sided displacement of the abomasum (LDA) in cows. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: 20 multiparous cows with LDA. PROCEDURES: Cows with LDA were treated surgically (day 0). On days 0 (immediately after surgery) and 1, 10 cows each received 10 L ...

The objective of this study was to compare milk loss and treatment costs for cows with clinical mastitis that were given antibiotics in addition to supportive treatment or supportive treatment alone. Between January 1994 and January 1996, 116,876 daily milk records on 676 lactations were taken at the University of ...

The present investigation was carried out with a view to evaluate the frequency of Flehmen behaviour in bull in response to body fluids of cows in various stages of the estrous cycle, in the context of estrus detection. The study was performed on free moving bulls under natural conditions. Samples ...

A sudden increase in the incidence of milk off-flavours in bulk tank milk from Prince Edward Island (Canada) dairy farms in the late 1990s prompted an investigation of potential herd-level risk factors. A prospective case-control study was conducted from 2000 to 2002. Data on herd management were obtained by questionnaire ...

AIM: To investigate possible relationships between the incidence of lameness in dairy cows, and walking order from the paddock into the milking shed, milking order, and dominance structure in the herd. METHODS: Ten dairy herds from the Taranaki region in New Zealand, with an average herd size of 183 cows, ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the elimination kinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride in milk after intramammary administration in lactating dairy cows. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 5 lactating dairy cows. PROCEDURE: After collection of baseline milk samples, 300 mg (6 mL) of ceftiofur was infused into the left front and right rear mammary gland ...

A field study was conducted to evaluate the influence of milking frequency (3 or 6 times/d [3x or 6x, respectively]) during the initial 21 d of lactation on milk and milk component yield and mammary gland health as indicated by somatic cell count. During 2 seasons, spring and fall, multiparous ...

Cyanogenic glucosides are naturally present in plant foods especially in staple foods (cassava) consumed by millions of people in tropical countries. Most traditional processing methods are effective in detoxifying such goitrogens to safe levels of consumption. Nevertheless, residual cyanide (CN) is rapidly metabolized to thiocyanate (SCN) by existing metabolic pathways. ...

The role of primary prevention of allergic diseases has been a matter of debate for the last 40 years. In order to shed some light into this issue, a group of experts of the Section of Pediatrics EAACI critically reviewed the existing literature on the subject. In this paper, the ...

Sequestering agents bind dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and reduce absorption from an animal's gastrointestinal tract. As a result, they protect an animal from the toxic effects of AFB1 and reduce transfer of the metabolite, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), into milk. Three experiments, using late-lactation Holstein cows fed AFB1-contaminated feed, were conducted ...

BACKGROUND: Cow's milk proteins are amongst the most common causes of food allergy in infants, and caseins are probably the main allergens. The existence of a high degree of cross-reactivity between milk caseins from different animals has been reported. We describe a 2-year-old boy who experienced allergic reactions after eating ...

The effects of a symbolic "yield here to pedestrians" sign and advance yield pavement markings on pedestrian/motor vehicle conflicts, motorists' yielding behavior, and the distance motorists' yield in advance of crosswalks were evaluated at multilane crosswalks at uncontrolled T intersections. In Experiment 1, the sign, when used alone, reduced pedestrian/motor ...

Currently, urea kinetic modeling has been accepted for the routine evaluation of peritoneal dialysis (PD) through the calculation of Kt/V (normalized whole body urea clearance) and nPNA (normalized protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance). In pediatric dialysis, the exact meaning of and target values for, those parameters is still under ...

A technology of automatically applying a postmilking teat dip via the milking machine prior to machine detachment was compared to manual postmilking teat dipping with a teat dip cup for effects on new IMI and iodine content in milk. One hundred twenty Holstein cows were experimentally challenged in a 22-wk ...

Changes in teat skin surface pH were studied over 12 wk in 99 lactating Holstein cows. Half the udder of each cow routinely received postmilking disinfection, and the other half served as control. Measures of pH were made on all teats at weekly intervals. Teat skin pH was affected by ...

Nearly 36 years ago Thomas K. Hunt, with Patrick Twomey, was the first to report that the level of lactate significantly increases in healing wounds. This observation convinced him that lactate, besides being the by-product of glycolysis, must have a regulatory role in the healing process. He set out to ...

A randomized, controlled field trial was performed in The Netherlands to determine the therapeutic efficacy of parenteral penethamate hydriodide (Leocillin) against naturally occurring, chronic, streptococcal mastitis during lactation. Quarter milk samples were collected from subclinical cases of Streptococcus uberis or Streptococcus dysgalactiae mastitis to determine the effect of treatment on ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine patterns of mycoplasma shedding in the milk of dairy cows with intramammary mycoplasma infection. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: 10 Holstein cows with intramammary mycoplasma infection. PROCEDURE: Milk samples were collected from each cow daily for 28 days and plated on mycoplasma agar to evaluate shedding patterns. ...

Milk production per cow has increased as a result of progressive changes in the genetics and management of the dairy animal population. A management constant during many decades of progress has been the widely adopted dry period length of 51 to 60 d. The scientific basis for that industry standard ...

Over a of 7-year period, six patients (four males, two females aged 3-12 months) were diagnosed with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) triggered by foods other than cow's milk and soy: chicken in four, turkey in two, peas in one, and lentils in one (five patients reacted to more than ...

The objective of this study was to establish a withdrawal period for flunixin in milk by quantifying 5-hydroxyflunixin, the marker residue, in bovine milk as a function of time, following intravenous treatment of lactating dairy cows with flunixin-N-methyl glucamine (Banamine or Finadyne). Lactating dairy cows were dosed on three consecutive ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the elimination kinetics of chlorhexidine in milk when used as an intramammary infusion to stop lactation in cows. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 6 cows. PROCEDURE: The study was performed in 2 phases. Three cows were studied in each phase. All cows were treated with chlorhexidine suspension by ...

BACKGROUND: Because of the high prevalence of cow's milk allergy as one of the most frequent clinical presentations of food allergy in infancy and early childhood, it is important to define the condition accurately. Allergy must be distinguished from the broader term food intolerance, which may be defined as a ...

We determined the effects of non-nutritional factors such as breed, parity, days in milk (DIM), milk production, milk quality and milk components on milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration. A total of 177 dairy farms in Prince Edward Island containing 10,688 lactating dairy cows participated in the project. Individual-cow milk samples ...

It has been hypothesized that certain consumers tolerate untreated cow's milk, but react to processed (i.e. homogenized and pasteurized) cow's milk although they do not suffer from IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy or lactose intolerance. The aim of the study was to compare the tolerance of unhomogenized and homogenized cow's milk ...

BACKGROUND: Infantile food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a severe, cell-mediated gastrointestinal food hypersensitivity typically provoked by cow's milk or soy. Solid foods are rarely considered a cause. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics and natural history of FPIES provoked by solid foods. METHODS: Patients with FPIES induced by solid ...

This study compared feeding and milking behavior and milk yields for cows housed in the same barn, fed the same ration, but milked with a conventional milking parlor (parlor) or automatic milking system (robot). Behavioral data were videotaped hourly 1 d/mo for 9 mo. Feeding behavior patterns differed and were ...

Cow's milk allergy is one of the most common food allergies prevalent during infancy and it may cause anaphylactic reactions in more sensitive patients. Cow's milk is found in a large variety of processed foods but its presence may be hidden as it is occasionally listed on the product label ...

Currently, the International Bull Evaluation Service calculates international dairy sire evaluations using the multiple-trait across country evaluation procedure. This method depends implicitly on political boundaries between countries, because the input data are national evaluations from each participating country. Therefore, different countries are treated as different production environments. The goal of ...

Four experiments were conducted in two commercial packing plants to evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial online video image analysis (VIA) system (the Computer Vision System equipped with a BeefCam module [CVS BeefCam]) to predict tenderness of beef steaks using online measurements obtained at chain speeds. Longissimus muscle (LM) samples ...

Records taken on 13,070 first-lactation daughters of 250 Norwegian Cattle sires were used to examine associations between susceptibility to clinical mastitis and to culling. Clinical mastitis was defined as a binary trait, whereas culling was treated as either binary (culled or not culled) or continuous (length of opportunity period) for ...

Cloning technologies, including embryo splitting and nuclear transfer, were introduced into dairy cattle breeding in the early 1980s. With the recent worldwide attention on the cloning of sheep ("Dolly") and cows ("Gene"), the potential food safety concerns for food products derived from cloned animals needs to be addressed. There has ...