Recent data have shown that children of immigrant noncitizens experience more persistent and higher levels of food insecurity than the children of citizens following welfare reform. However, little is known about the range of factors that might explain different rates of food insecurity in the different populations. In this study, ...

Previous studies suggest that households headed by single women in general, and particularly those by African-American females, are at greater risk for food insecurity and hunger. However, questions remain about how single mothers cope with food insecurity. This study examined how food-insecure, poor single mothers get food for themselves and ...

The aims of this study were to determine the sociodemographic and dietary correlates of household and child food insecurity in Bogotá, Colombia and to examine whether food insecurity is a risk factor for underweight or overweight in this population. We analyzed data from 2359 families with 2526 children 5-12 y ...

To investigate cigarette affordability in 60 cities. Affordability of cigarettes is defined as the ratio of the price of one pack of cigarettes to daily income (cigarette price-daily income ratio: CPDIR). Daily income data were calculated using the mean of the seven occupations with the lowest daily wage, as listed ...

BACKGROUND: There remains controversy about the contribution of food advertising targeted at children to the epidemic of childhood obesity in the UK. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between the ability to recognize brand logos featured in promotional campaigns of the food industry and eating behaviours, ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to assess the construct validity, criterion-related validity and internal consistency of the Radimer/Cornell food insecurity measure for use in rural Tanzania. DESIGN: A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted from March to May 2005. Key adaptations to the nine-item Radimer/Cornell items included translation ...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of dairy and non-dairy farming households in Dagoretti in regard to the risk posed by bovine brucellosis and determine the prevalence of the disease in urban dairy cattle. DESIGN: A cross sectional study. SETTING: Urban and Peri-urban dairy farming and non dairy ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if measures of diet quality differ between food insecure and food secure adults in a rural high-risk population. DESIGN: Random digit dialing telephone survey of a cross-section of the population designed to collect data on food intake, household demographics, and food security status. SETTING: A representative sample ...

During the past decade, rates of food insecurity and obesity have risen, and an association has been made between these two seemingly paradoxical states. Although this relationship has not been repeatedly seen in men, research suggests a correlation in women. Studies have not been able to consistently show a relationship ...

In the year 2000, multiple global health agencies and stakeholders convened and established eight tenets that, if followed, would make our world a vastly better place. These tenets are called the Millennium Development Goals. Most of these goals are either directly or indirectly related to nutrition. The United Nations has ...

OBJECTIVE: This study identified differences between women from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)- and WIC/Farmers' Market Nutrition Program-participating households regarding household food security status, fruit and vegetable intake and behaviors, perceived diet quality, and education level; and assessed the relationship between household food security ...

The aim of this pilot study was to document the association between food insecurity and body composition among men and women from urban Kampala (Uganda, East Africa) with an emphasis on the potential discrepancy between the sexes. A convenience sample of 60 food secure subjects (30 males and 30 females) ...

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the built nutritional environment in terms of types and number of food stores, availability, and cost of selected food items in a rural area. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of food stores conducted in 2004. SUBJECTS/SETTING: We selected a rural county (population 91,582; 1,106 square miles). Food stores ...

Access to food is essential to optimal development and function in children and adults. Food security, food insecurity, and hunger have been defined and a U.S. Food Security Scale was developed and is administered annually by the Census Bureau in its Current Population Survey. The eight child-referenced items now make ...

Food insecurity is a pressing public health concern in many developing countries. Despite widespread interest in the sociocultural determinants of food insecurity, little is known about whether youths living in food insecure households experience food insecurity. The buffering hypothesis reviewed here assumes that, to the extent possible, adult members of ...

The aim of this study was to assess the content and extent of food references and marketing within popular children's magazines in Australia. Sixteen popular Australian children's magazines were selected, as determined by readership and circulation data. Back copies of each magazine were purchased for publications released between January and ...

At the time of independence majority of Indians were poor. In spite of spending over 80 per cent of their income on food, they could not get adequate food. Living in areas of poor environmental sanitation they had high morbidity due to infections; nutrition toll due to infections was high ...

The potential of animal-source foods (ASF) to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies is well recognized. How the intake of ASF can be effectively increased is not known, but promoting animal production (AP) is one possible method. We reviewed the impact of interventions promoting AP on nutritional status and on 6 nutrition-related outcomes: ...

BACKGROUND: Environmental factors such as the availability of local-area food stores may be important contributors to the increasing rate of obesity among U.S. adolescents. METHODS: Repeated cross-sections of individual-level data on adolescents drawn from the Monitoring the Future surveys linked by geocode identifiers to data on food store availability were ...

BACKGROUND: Both food insufficiency and HIV infection are major public health problems in sub-Saharan Africa, yet the impact of food insufficiency on HIV risk behavior has not been systematically investigated. We tested the hypothesis that food insufficiency is associated with HIV transmission behavior. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We studied the association ...

Poverty, a complex, multidimensional, and universal problem, has been conceptualized as income and material deprivation. In this article, we discuss poverty and related factors in Turkey. The absolute poverty line for Turkey was US$ 4 per capita per day. Turkey was ranked 92nd out of 177 countries with moderate human ...

The study evaluated the contributions of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) to household income and food security in the adjoining villages of Gambari forest reserve Nigeria. Stratified random sampling was used to select respondents among the community members. 141 copies of questionnaires were administered among consumers and marketers of NTFPs. The ...

OBJECTIVES: A number of studies have pointed to the pressure that housing costs can exert on the resources available for food. The objectives of the present study were to characterise the relationship between the proportion of income absorbed by housing and the adequacy of household food expenditures across the Canadian ...

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to explore some typically understudied characteristics of food security in Arctic Canada: observed changes to traditional food systems, perceived advantages and health benefits of traditional food and traditional food preferences. STUDY DESIGN: Data analysis used a cross-sectional survey of Yukon First Nations, Dene/Métis and Inuit women ...

This paper investigates urban retail food markets and health in Syracuse, New York. A structured observational analysis found that a majority of corner markets do not sell fresh produce or low fat dairy products, but conduct a lively business selling lottery tickets, cigarettes, and liquor. A comparison of census tracts ...

Food insecurity represents a lack of access to enough food to meet basic needs. We hypothesized that food insecurity may increase birth defect risks, because it is an indicator of increased stress or compromised nutrition, which are both implicated in birth defect etiologies. This study used population-based case-control data. Included ...

Cross-sectional studies have suggested that food insecurity leads to obesity in women. The objective of this longitudinal study was to determine whether changes in women's food security status were associated with changes in their body weight. In 20 large U.S. cities, 1707 mothers of preschool children were followed for 2 ...

Ghana is a typical low-income sub-Saharan African country facing significant sanitation challenges. In Ghana, fresh salads are not part of the normal diet, but have become a common supplement to urban fast food served in streets, canteens and restaurants. In Accra, about 200 000 people consume from such supplements every ...

We used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort 9- and 24-mo surveys (n = 8693) and Structural Equation Modeling to examine direct and indirect associations between food insecurity and toddlers' overweight (weight for length), physical health, and length for age. There were significant effects of food insecurity on parental depression ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether interview mode (telephone vs. in-person) affects the results of surveys that measure food security. DESIGN: Responses given by households interviewed by telephone and in-person in recent US Current Population Survey Food Security Supplements (CPS-FSS) were compared. Statistical methods based on the Rasch measurement model were used ...

OBJECTIVES: Low-income households in the UK concentrate factors associated with poor record-keeping such as lower literacy, numeracy and English language skills. The present study aimed to (1) compare the validity and acceptability of three dietary survey methods against appropriate reference measures and (2) identify a method which was both valid ...

BACKGROUND: Food neophobia in children has been associated with a low intake of fruit, vegetables, and protein foods. The design of effective interventions to improve children's diets would be facilitated by a better understanding of the determinants of neophobia. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to quantify the contribution of genetic and ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of low-income, rural mothers regarding their need for nutrition and physical activity education and the role of technology in addressing those needs. Quantitative and qualitative research was combined to examine the nature and scope of the issues faced by this ...

Food insecurity affects individuals' dietary intakes, but there have been few direct examinations of changes in individuals' intakes in the context of declining resources. This study examined changes in dietary intake over 30 d following the receipt of income in a sample of low-income, predominantly food-insecure women with children. Data ...

There is currently a lack of research on the association between demographic dynamics and household use of natural resources in rural Africa. Such work is important because in rural Africa natural resources buffer households against shocks, offering both sustenance and income-generating potential. The article focuses on adult mortality as a ...

OBJECTIVE: Access to an affordable, nutritious food supply is an important determinant of population health. Healthy food basket surveys have been used across Australia as a tool to monitor food cost, quality and variety. The release of the revised Nutrient Reference Values, together with local interest in food security, highlighted ...

This study examined the role of hunger and food insecurity in the sexual behaviour of female commercial sex workers in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria within the context of HIV/AIDS. In addition, the study investigated the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and induced abortion among the respondents. Cross-sectional survey and in-depth ...

OBJECTIVES: We used self-reported and measured height and weight data to examine the relationship between food insecurity and obesity. METHODS: We defined food insecurity according to 3 different models. We used self-reported and measured height and weight from 2 versions of the Canadian Community Health Survey to calculate obesity rates. ...

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relation between parental tobacco use and malnutrition in children <5 y of age and compared expenditures on foods in households with and without tobacco use. METHODS: Tobacco use, child anthropometry, and other factors were examined in a stratified, multistage cluster sample of 77 678 households from ...

In a diary-survey study in 234 households with children aged 4-12 years, we investigated the associations between children's exposure to food advertising and their consumption of (a) advertised food brands, (b) advertised energy-dense food product categories, and (c) food products overall. Relations were examined using multiple hierarchical regression analysis, while ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the household intakes of retinol and carotenoids and social economic factors determining their intakes. SUBJECTS: Data on a total of 1001 households (771 in rural areas and 230 in urban areas) were used in the analyses. Interviewed person was household food preparer. RESULTS: Mean (s.d.) intake of ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine food and nutrient availability in New Zealand using supermarket sales data in conjunction with a brand-specific supermarket food composition database (SFD). DESIGN: The SFD was developed by selecting the top-selling supermarket food products and linking them to food composition data from a variety of sources, before merging ...

National level data show food insecurity/insufficiency is more common in Latino families than the dominant population, however local ethnic rates aren't often available, nor have there been many studies of food insufficiency/insecurity among Latino ethnic groups. This study presents food insufficiency data from three low income immigrant Latino Chicago communities. ...

Emerging evidence suggests chronic household food insecurity has an adverse effect on health. This study examined the prevalence, predictors and health outcomes associated with food insecurity in 100 migrant and seasonal farmworker (MSFW) households living on the U.S.-Mexico border. Data were collected using the U.S. Food Security Scale, California Agricultural ...

The government of Zimbabwe has been accused in the media over the last few years of using food as a political weapon. This paper reviews the evidence and provides data from two villages in Matabeleland describing food insecurity at a personal level. The data supports the view that food has ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the use and accuracy of a brief screening tool to identify family hunger, administered in an inner-city primary health care setting and the use of food assistance programs by families in this setting. METHODS: Parents were asked to complete a screening tool for hunger during a routine ...

Bangladesh has already experienced the biggest catastrophe in the world due to arsenic contamination of drinking water. This study investigates the association of drinking arsenic-contaminated water (DACW) with both personal and household characteristics of 9116 household respondents using the household data of the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2004. ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine exposure to food advertising on television (TV) among children aged 2 through 11 years. DESIGN: Weighted examination of the distribution of national advertisements (ads) using TV ratings data. SETTING: National ads from 170 top-rated TV shows viewed by children aged 2 through 11 years from September 1, ...

BACKGROUND: Urban agriculture is an important livelihood strategy to increase access to and availability of food in urban settings. OBJECTIVE: We examined the impact of sociodemographic and farming variables on the household food security and nutritional security of an index child aged 2 to 5 years. Our hypothesis was that ...

Prior research shows that food insecurity is associated with being overweight in women, with few and ambiguous results in men. Little is known about the characteristics and roles of individuals who are most likely to be both food insecure and overweight or obese. This study analyzed associations between food insecurity ...