1. Growing male chickens of broiler and layer strains were allowed to eat either a high-protein food (HP) or a low-protein food (LP) for 10 min after an overnight fast and then offered a choice between HP and LP. During the next hour they ate significantly more of the food ...

Lunch intake was followed in 31 matched pairs of hospitalized diabetic patients over four consecutive days. Pairs of patients were matched for type and duration of diabetes, gender, age and body mass index. Lunches were composed of appetizer, meat, vegetables, starch, cheese, bread and dessert; water, coffee, tea and lemon ...

The aim of this study was to investigate cultural values and ideas concerning table manners and food habits expressed by patients in geriatric care. The research approach was ethnographic. The findings exposed conflicts related to three themes. The first, "Mind your manners", demonstrated problems in managing food and objects, keeping ...

An epidemiological survey of the dyspepsias in a Nigerian Community drawn from five different local government areas, is described. Analysis of the data obtained from 1,151 respondents (684 males and 467 females) showed that 45.0% of this population had complaints of dyspepsia within the immediate six months period preceeding this ...

We used a histologic technique to detect multiple bloodfeeding in a single gonotrophic cycle by Culiseta melanura. In a laboratory study with colonized mosquitoes, 77% (10/13) of known multiple meals were detected when the interval between meals was 24-30 h. Outside that range, known multiple meals were undetectable with this ...

Male and female undergraduate students (n = 387) were asked to complete the statement "I usually stop eating when" on a written survey which listed four of five alternative responses and an open, write-in, alternative. Half of the questionnaires listed the alternative, "I feel full"; the other half omitted this ...

We studied the effect of gender on food intake, meal number, and meal size in eight 10-wk-old female and seven age-matched male Fischer 344 rats for 44 consecutive days. Although food intake (g/100 g body wt) was similar in males and females (5.42 +/- 0.10 vs. 5.13 +/- 0.13 g ...

Our long-term objectives continue to be elucidation of the mechanisms that control spontaneous food intake (SFI), so that we may utilize this information in seeking ways to ameliorate abnormalities of SFI that occur in nutritionally ill humans. To this end, we have developed and used an Automated Computerized Rat Eater ...

Dietary practices, a 24-hr food recall, self-reported health status, perceived well-being, and socioeconomic data were collected from 2890 rural elders selected from 11 southern states by a stratified randomization method based on income and population. Overall nutrient intakes were low, especially energy and calcium, and 16.3% of respondents consumed fewer ...

Pleasantness is important in influencing food choice, and may play a role in determining the amount of food consumed. Judgements of pleasantness decrease as the food is eaten. It has been proposed that his reflects the development of satiety to a specific food. However, consumers may not rate these changes ...

Meal size is a major determinant of energy intake and an important phenotype in animal models of obesity and in human eating disorders. Successful analysis of the controls of meal size is a fundamental goal of the science of ingestion. This paper proposes a new classification of the controls of ...

The resident dining room was noisy, food was served cold and late, food containers were hard to open, and food preferences were not respected. Verbal and physical confrontation was common, there were no specified meal hours, and care givers were not available to assist residents during meals. A multidisciplinary Continuous ...

OBJECTIVE: Providing overweight patients with the food they should eat has been shown to significantly improve weight loss in a behavioral treatment program. The objective of this study was to examine the contribution of three components of food provision to these positive effects: the specific meal plans indicating what foods ...

Low income, primiparous mothers who had exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) continued exclusive breast-feeding to 6 mo (EBF), 2) introduction of complementary foods at 4 mo, with ad libitum nursing 4-6 mo (SF), and 3) introduction of complementary foods at 4 ...

Image-intensification radiology showed that artificial introduction of food slurry into the intestines of 6-12 wk-old turkey hens significantly increased the proportion of boli entering the crop during an evening meal, hence decreasing the proportion of boli travelling directly to the gizzard. Since bolus movement is directed by esophageal motility, esophageal ...

Peripherally infused interleukin-1 reduces food intake. Its temporal and selective effects on meal number and meal size were investigated in seven rats continuously infused for 3 days with recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha (rHu IL-1 alpha; 3 micrograms day-1, i.v.). Food intake decreased significantly during the first two infusion days, and ...

The effect of the number of others present on the amount of food eaten was investigated in the Netherlands by studying spontaneous meal size in 50 free-living young males and females. Subjects recorded food consumption, number of others present, hunger, taste of the food, food availability, and atmosphere at each ...

In each of two university canteens differing in the use (canteen A) or non-use (canteen B) of iodized salt for food preparation, 15 mostly equal lunch meals were collected for iodide and NaCl analysis. With similar NaCl content, the meals of canteen A contained on average 6.1 micrograms I/100 g ...

A novel substance called liquid fibre (LF) has been developed which gels in the stomach and dramatically delays gastric emptying. The prolonged stomach distension LF causes would be expected to reduce food intake. The present study tested whether LF affected psychological factors connected with eating behaviour and short-term food intake. ...

A new technique has been developed to study the changes in feelings of satiety during food consumption. Five non obese women were interrupted after eating 75 g increments of a tomato soup test meal served on an eating monitor to complete rating scales of hunger, satiety, fullness, sickness, and pleasantness ...

This descriptive, correlational study examined meal frequencies and dietary intakes as they related to airsickness in a population of novice civilian pilots. Food and nutrient intakes and dietary patterns of pilots prior to flight were measured for association with airsickness. A 24-h dietary recall was used in recording dietary intake ...

Exogenous fibre added to liquid meals delays gastric emptying. Its effect on solid meals is uncertain, and nothing is known of the effect on gastric emptying of fibre naturally present in food. This study therefore looked at gastric emptying of two different solid meals in eight healthy subjects and their ...

Foraging involves the expenditure of both time and effort in the acquisition of food; animals typically modify their meal patterns so as to reduce these expenditures or costs. The contribution of time, as compared with effort, to the overall cost perceived by an animal is not known. We investigated the ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of gender, age, and living situation on utilization of home-delivered meals by elderly recipients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING: The sample was recruited from five meals-on-wheels agencies in southern Ontario, Canada, representing both rural and urban settings. SUBJECTS: Participants were 150 white, independently living recipients ...

OBJECTIVES: Investigation of a Plantago ovata seed containing supplement (Plantaginis ovatae semen and testa) to determine its effect on appetite variables, nutrient and energy intake in normal subjects. DESIGN: Triple blind (subjects, investigators and statisticians) cross-over design. Three, 3-day study periods when subjects were given the following treatments in randomised ...

Two natural-food mixed meals composed in accordance with the present dietary recommendations were given to 10 diabetic patients on two occasions. The meals were planned to achieve large differences in glycemic index (GI) by altering the food structure but maintaining an identical nutrient composition. In the first study, two meals ...

It has been suggested that merely being exposed to a novel stimulus can enhance liking for it. Two experiments explored this hypothesis in relation to the development of liking for the chilli burn in a two-course meal. In the first experiment there was a linear increase in rated liking for ...

Aspartame administered in capsules (i.e., without tasting) 1 h before a meal significantly reduces the amount eaten in that meal. In the present study 36 young men and women were divided into 3 groups of 12 to receive aspartame (400 mg) or placebo (400 mg starch) on separate occasions either ...

Rats living in a laboratory foraging paradigm began each meal by bar pressing to procure access to food and then could eat any amount. In different conditions the procurement price changed from low (10 bar presses) to high (200 or 400 bar presses) every ten days, five days, or one ...

In this study, we examined the effects of electrolytic lesions of the nucleus accumbens which had no obvious effect on body weight, or on the short term intake of solid food, sucrose and salt solutions. However in 24 h records of feeding and drinking lesioned animals took many more meals ...

This paper explores the issue of the serving of food in hospital from both a moral and a philosophical point of view. The concepts of 'having a meal' and of 'feeling nourished by food' are examined; it is suggested that the former is a necessary condition for the latter. The ...

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of the CCK, a receptor antagonist loxiglumide on food intake, hunger and fullness in humans. A double blind, placebo controlled, cross-over test was carried out, with subjects taking one loxiglumide or one placebo tablet three times a day, 15 min ...

The reduction in growth resulting from lead (PB) exposure in weanling rats is consistent with a lowering of the biological set-point for food intake. In this study the effects of lead on the patterns of food intake were examined. For 10 days (from ages 26 to 36 days), female rats ...

Preloads (250 ml) of 2% or 10% fructose containing 1% soluble fibre and 1% insoluble fibre or 10% fructose with 3% soluble fibre and 1% insoluble were administered 60 min before lunch to 24 healthy women, who were slightly overweight and considerably weight concerned. The fibre consisted of guar gum, ...

We studied the effect of the 5-HT receptor agonist, m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) (0.4 mg/kg), on food intake in 12 healthy female volunteers, in a double-blind placebo controlled design. Compared to placebo, mCPP significantly lowered food intake in a test meal. Treatment with mCPP also caused significant increases in ratings of nausea ...

Previous research has indicated that individual foods or beverages are ingested independently and do not produce adjustments to the intake of other constituents in the diet (de Castro, 1993; Wilson, 1991). In order to eliminate time of day as a potential contaminant, the present study investigated the accommodation of foods ...

We examined the effect of presenting two meals at fixed times on the activity of six intact female rats. Rats maintained on a 12-12 h light-dark cycle were fed: ad lib, at two randomly chosen times during the active period, and at 3 and 9 h, 1 and 7 h, ...

This study examined the effects of learned flavor cues on lunch-meal and daily food intake in 39, normal-weight, free-living adults. Subjects were fed distinctly flavored high-calorie (HC) and low-calorie (LC) milkshake preloads. Following the repeated flavor-calorie pairings, the flavors of the milkshakes were covertly switched. Twenty-three percent of the participants ...

The short-term regulation of plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration by food intake has been studied in 6-8 week old pigs, both within the thermally neutral zone (26 to 30 degrees C) and at a low (12 degrees C) environmental temperature. In animals at thermal neutrality, the plasma level of ...

Twenty-four-hour cumulative food intake is the summation of repeated bouts of feeding, separated by intermeal intervals. Intake in a given meal influences subsequent feeding by modulating the duration of the intermeal interval, meal size, or both. Analysis of the time course of the effect of an individual meal on subsequent ...

Patterns in food web structure have provided an important, though contentious, testing ground for ideas about the population dynamics and energetics of multispecies systems. One of the most debated of these patterns is the apparent decrease in food web connectance as the number of species in a web Increases. Several ...

Effects of palatability on the meal as a whole or the microstructure of meals are often inconsistent or even divergent. Is this attributable to the nature of the test meals? In the present study, three frequently used types of meals were offered to seven normal-weight women: conventional courses, sandwiches and ...

Experiments indicate that exposure to high-carbohydrate foods can give rise to a clear modulation of the expression of human appetite. The potency and time course of the effects of various carbohydrates on satiety vary with the amount consumed and the chemical structure. There is evidence that this biological effect can ...

The effect of dietary variety on meal size was investigated in golden hamsters. Hamsters ate meals (four courses x 12 min/course) in which either the same food was offered in all four courses (one of powdered Purina chow, shortcake cookie, process cheddar cheese, or milk chocolate) or four different foods ...

This study describes the dietary habits of athletes involved in four common sports in Bahrain (football, handball, volleyball and basketball). A sample of 304 athletes was obtained from 14 first class clubs. It was found that 28% of athletes skipped breakfast, and only 39% consumed breakfast daily. Foods eaten before ...

Rapid growth in the Hispanic elderly population, coupled with their unique needs, necessitates increasing their numbers in Title III(C) meal programs. This study assessed the nutritional adequacy of the diets of 49 Northwest Indiana congregate meal participants by evaluating: (1) their 1-day food records, and (2) the contributions of the ...

To investigate the functional capacity of the combination of pregastric and gastric satiating stimuli for the control of meal size, rats were surgically implanted with a pyloric cuff that could be inflated to prevent gastric emptying. After 0.5 or 19 h of food deprivation, rats were given access for 30 ...

The effect of mycoprotein, a food produced by continuous fermentation of Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe), on energy intake and appetite was investigated. Female subjects, all classified as nonrestrained eaters, participated in two 3-d study periods. Subjects weighed food consumed on the day before the study, on the day of the meal, ...

Body size and daily and meal nutrient intakes have been shown to be affected by heredity. The present study investigated the independence of the heritability of overall daily intake from body size, meal intake from overall daily intakes, and meal macronutrient intake from meal size. Previously collected 7-day food intake ...

The role of olfactory input in the regulation of food intake and feeding patterns in rats was investigated by performing bilateral olfactory bulbectomy. Compared to control rats, bulbectomized rats ate the same amounts of food, but did so via a decrease in meal size, and a doubling in meal number. ...