My favorite food is sashimi and Peking duck. If I were not a scientist, I would be a security guard for the National Parks of Taiwan.

The radiation doses to humans resulting from a potential release of radionuclides from a geological repository for long-lived waste are assessed over tens or even hundreds of thousands of years. Ingestion is expected to be the major exposure pathway, and the group with the highest exposures will be those that ...

BACKGROUND:The incidence of skin cancer has increased in the United States, concomitant with increased UV radiation (UVR) exposure among young adults. We examined whether tanning facilities in Missouri, a state without indoor-tanning regulations, acted in accordance with the Food and Drug Administration's recommendations and consistently imparted information to potential clients ...

The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of environmental radioactivity in Shanghai from the operation of Qinshan Nuclear Power Station (QNPS). The levels of terrestrial gamma radiation and radioactivities in the drinking water, main food and soils in the Jinshan area where is only 38 km far ...

The present study assessed the influence of food intake on acoustic radiation force impulse elastography (ARFI) measurements. Seventy-three healthy volunteers were included: 57 subjects in the study group (on whom ARFI measurements were performed first in fasting condition, followed by measurements made 1h and 3h after food intake); and 16 ...

Glaucomides bromelicola n. gen., n. sp. is a tetrahymenid ciliate common in tank bromeliads of Central and South America. The new genus is characterized by having a kinety fragment along the left mouth margin, an unciliated dorsolateral area, a tetrahymenid silverline pattern, and the ability to produce macrostomes when bacterial ...

We used the ant species Myrmica sabuleti as a model to study the impact of electromagnetic waves on social insects' response to their pheromones and their food collection. We quantified M. sabuleti workers' response to their trail, area marking and alarm pheromone under normal conditions. Then, we quantified the same ...

We investigated the change of radioactive cesium content in food due to cooking in order to estimate the internal radiation exposure due to from radioactive materials in food. Our results revealed that soaking dry shiitake in water decreased the radioactive cesium content by about 50%, compared with that present in ...

The concentrations of Pb-214 and Bi-214 in groundwaters and agricultural products from several geologically distinct parts of the Yamanashi region of Japan were measured and compared. The concentrations of Pb-214 and Bi-214 in groundwaters were well correlated with each other, and were consistent with the predominant geology in each area. ...

Screening tests were carried out for radioactive cesium in foods using a NaI (Tl) scintillation survey meter. The screening level was set at 250 Bq/kg, and specimens exceeding this level were scheduled to be sent to an external testing organization, which would conduct further tests using a germanium semiconductor detector. ...

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending the food additive regulations to provide for the safe use of a 4.5 kilogray (kGy) maximum absorbed dose of ionizing radiation to treat unrefrigerated (as well as refrigerated) uncooked meat, meat byproducts, and certain meat food products to reduce levels of foodborne ...

Vitamin D is made in the skin using ultraviolet radiation of specific low wavelength, 290-315 nm (UVB). For many parts of the world there is a period when there is insufficient intensity of UVB to make vitamin D, which is reflected by a clear seasonal variation in vitamin D status. Sun ...

In the past, manufacturers' labeling of sunscreen varied greatly, confusing the consumers regarding efficacy and the appropriate photoprotection provided by their products. Therefore, in June 2011, the United States Food and Drug Administration issued new guidelines for sunscreen labeling. Sunscreen products are over-the-counter drugs; therefore, they are regulated by the ...

A new type of nanomaterial has been developed as antibacterial additive for food packaging applications. This nanocomposite is composed of copper nanoparticles embedded in polylactic acid, combining the antibacterial properties of copper nanoparticles with the biodegradability of the polymer matrix. Metal nanoparticles have been synthesised by means of laser ablation, ...

Assembly of proteins or peptides into fibrils is an important subject of study in various research fields. In the field of food research, the protein fibrils are interesting candidates as functional ingredients. It is essential to understand the formation and properties of the fibrils for successful application of the fibrils ...

Whether or not all foods marketed to consumers as organic meet specified standards for use of that descriptor, or are nutritionally different from conventional foods, is uncertain. In a retail market study in a Western US metropolitan area, differences in mineral composition between conventional potatoes and those marketed as organic ...

To estimate Cu exposure level from wine consumption and to assess possible health risk for moderate wine consumers, wine samples were collected from different wine-growing areas of Croatia. Median concentrations were 180 μg L-1, range (76 to 292) μg L-1, in commercial wines and 258 μg L-1, range (115 to ...

A supplementation trial starting with 224 postmenopausal women provided with adequate vitamin D and Ca was conducted to determine whether increased Cu and Zn intakes would reduce the risk for bone loss. Healthy women aged 51-80 years were recruited for a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Women with similar femoral neck T ...

This paper reports the content in macronutrients, free sugars, polyphenols, and inorganic ions, known to exert any positive or negative action on microbial oral disease such as caries and gingivitis, of seven food/beverages (red chicory, mushroom, raspberry, green and black tea, cranberry juice, dark beer). Tea leaves resulted the richest ...

Maternal food restriction (FR) during pregnancy results in intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) offspring that show rapid catch-up growth and develop metabolic syndrome and adult obesity. However, continued nutrient restriction during nursing delays catch-up growth and prevents development of obesity. Epigenetic regulation of IGF1, which modulates growth and is synthesized and secreted ...

Obesity and the metabolic syndrome represent serious health threats affecting increasing numbers of individuals, with females being more affected than males and with growing incidence among children and adolescents. In the present study, we used the OLETF rat model of early-onset obesity to examine the influence of different timing of ...

Successful treatment of obesity and related diseases by chronic food restriction requires the understanding of the effect of such nutritional therapy on the expression of genes which have been implicated to be involved in some diseases associated with obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ...

The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of improved ischemic tolerance induced by severe, short-term food restriction in isolated, perfused rat hearts. Male Wistar (8 week-old) rats were given a food intake equivalent to a 70% reduction on the food intake of ad-libitum fed rats for 11 ...

There is evidence that patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) demonstrate specific cerebral activation patterns in response to visual food stimulation. We postulated that cerebral activation patterns could represent different perceptions of high-calorie images during hunger and satiety and could be determined by patients' subjective ratings. After 6 h of starvation ...

Effects of ovarian hormones on sex and ingestive behavior are well studied, and yet, their role in diverting attention from food to sex has not been examined directly, possibly because these functions are masked under conditions of excessive food abundance typical of the laboratory. Female Syrian hamsters were either fed ...

Increased reports of restrictive feeding have shown positive relationships to child obesity, however, the mechanism between the two has not been elucidated. This study examined the relationship between reported use of restrictive feeding practices and 4-6-year-old children's self-selected energy density (ED) and total energy intake from an ad libitum, laboratory ...

Linezolid is a weak, reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor. The current practice at most hospitals is to place patients receiving linezolid on a tyramine-restricted diet. This process typically involves both the hospital's pharmacy department and the food and nutrition department. A literature search assessing the interaction between linezolid and tyramine was ...

The severity, duration and amplitude of extreme weather events are forecast to intensify with current climate trends, over both long (e.g. seasonal) and short (e.g. daily) time-scales. As such, the predictability of food supplies for many small endotherms is likely to become increasingly important. Numerous small mammals and birds combat ...

It is well known that maternal nutritional status is important to the development of mammalian offspring. We examined the effect of maternal food restriction during lactation on offspring in mice. From 1 to 21 days after parturition, control dams (CDs) were fed with the standard amounts of daily food consumption, ...

Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor (GHS-R). It has recently emerged as an orexigenic food intake controlling signal acting upon hypothalamic centres. To study the effect of food restriction on ghrelin level and its relation to male reproductive hormones, 32 adult male albino rats divided ...

Calorie restriction (CR) has been known for more than 70 years to extend life span and delay disease in rodent models. Metformin administration in rodent disease models has been shown to delay cancer incidence and progression, reduce cardiovascular disease and extend life span. To more directly test the potential of ...

To address the obesity crisis, public health experts recommend major reductions in the marketing of unhealthy food to youth. However, policies to restrict food marketing are not currently viewed as politically feasible. This paper examines attitudes and knowledge about food marketing and support for restricting unhealthy food marketing [corrected] among ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if restrictions of postoperative diet concerning hard food and hot drinks as well as excessive physical exertion influence recovery during 14 days after T&A surgery. METHODS: 800 patients aged 3-13 years (median 6) underwent curette adenoidectomy with or without scissors tonsillotomy. 413 adenoidectomies and 387 adenotonsillotomies were ...

Torpor is the physiologically controlled reduction of metabolic rate and body temperature experienced by small birds and mammals when facing periods of low temperature and/or food shortage. In this study, we provide a first quantitative description of torpor in the relict marsupial Dromiciops gliroides by: (1) characterizing body temperature (T ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of one day of food restriction on subsequent spontaneous daily food intake and the recovery of body weight in humans. Twenty-two, non-restrained females were fed from Monday to Friday for four weeks using food prepared and measured in the Cornell ...

This study investigated the effects of a conspecific on survival advantages in a challenged feeding environment created through restricted food availability periods. We measured the daily activity-rest pattern as the circadian response indicator, and changes in body mass and mortality as the survivorship indicator. Migratory male redheaded buntings (Emberiza bruniceps) ...

BACKGROUND: Temporal restriction of food availability entrains circadian behavioral and physiological rhythms in mammals by resetting peripheral oscillators. This entrainment underlies the activity of a timing system, different from the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), known as the food entrainable oscillator (FEO). So far, the precise anatomical location of the FEO is ...

Catch-up growth after food restriction (CUGFR) is characterized by a significant change in food intake which could theoretically lead to the change in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion that consequently results in altered functions of pancreatic islets. Experimental rats were divided into two groups. Rats in CUGFR group were put on ...

While feeding is rewarding, the feeling of satiation has been theorized to have a mixed affect. Using a food restriction model of overeating we examined whether bingeing was capable of supporting conditioned taste avoidance (CTA). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on either an ad lib (n=8) or restricted (50% ...

The neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to rodents leads to obesity in the adult animal, characterized by increased fat storages. Chronic food restriction is known to induce reduction in body energy expenditure, as an adaptive mechanism to save energy. Our purpose was to examine whether obesity can alter the ...

Serotonin (5-HT) plays a key role in controlling food intake and feeding behaviour and drugs targeting the 5-HT transporter (SERT) at the synaptic cleft have been used to treat feeding related disorders. To test the hypothesis that SERT might be one of the etiologic factors in the rebound hyperphagia that ...

This study compared the influence of fasting/refeeding cycles and food restriction on rat myocardial performance and morphology. Sixty-day-old male Wistar rats were submitted to food ad libitum (C), 50% food restriction (R50), and fasting/refeeding cycles (RF) for 12 weeks. Myocardial function was evaluated under baseline conditions and after progressive increase ...

A side-by-side comparison was made between a conventional vial system and a novel bottle system for cultivating flies and testing the effect of chemical exposure on the lifespan of the flies. While the two cultivation systems yielded very similar results for the effect of DEHP (di[2-ethylhexyl] phthalate) on reducing the ...

Nausea and emesis are common side effects of gastrointestinal disease. Reports indicate that ghrelin and endocannabinoids, agents that stimulate appetite, also reduce emesis evoked by chemotherapy treatment, which suggests that stimulation of feeding inhibits the emetic system. In the following study we conducted a more direct test of this hypothesis ...

Recent studies have indicated that flies respond to dilute food solutions by compensatory feeding. The existence of compensation mechanisms calls for a reconsideration of the relationships between diet, feeding behaviour and longevity. This study shows that flies fed on liquid diets, sense sucrose and yeast nutrients and adapt to changes ...

Two models of intrauterine growth restriction, maternal food restriction (FR), and dexamethasone (DEX) exposure were compared for early postnatal catch-up growth and later development of glucose intolerance and obesity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Mated dams were randomly divided into three groups at 10 days gestational age. Group FR was food restricted ...

Reward is mediated by a distributed series of midbrain and basal forebrain structures collectively referred to as the brain reward system. Recent evidence indicates that an additional regulatory system, the circadian system, can modulate reward-related learning. Diurnal or circadian changes in drug self-administration, responsiveness to drugs of abuse and reward ...

A restricted schedule of food access promotes numerous metabolic and physiological adaptations to optimize the biochemical handling of nutrients. The restricted feeding activates responses in hypothalamic and midbrain areas, as well as in peripheral organs involved in energy metabolism. A restricted feeding schedule (RFS) is associated with marked behavioral arousal ...

Young birds, in their post-natal growth period, may reduce their growth and metabolism when facing a food shortage. To examine how such responses can be mediated by endocrine-related factors, we exposed Japanese quail chicks to food restriction for either 2 days (age 6-8 days) or 5 days (age 6-11 days). ...

Previous studies have shown that food restriction promotes myocardial dysfunction in rats. However, the molecular mechanisms that are responsible are unclear. We investigated the role of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) on myocardial performance in food-restricted rats. Male Wistar-Kyoto rats, 60 days old, were fed a control or restricted diet (daily ...