The effects of L-364,718, a cholecystokinin receptor antagonist, on cholecystokinin octapeptide-induced inhibition of food, and its effect on food intake when given alone, were studied in mice using several different feeding paradigms. In all studies, L-364,718 (100 micrograms/kg, 1.0 mg/kg) reversed the ability of cholecystokinin octapeptide to decrease food intake. ...

The effects of L-364,718, a new CCK receptor antagonist, on food-stimulated exocrine pancreatic secretion and plasma levels of PP, insulin, CCK, and gastrin were examined in four conscious dogs with pancreatic fistulas. Intravenous injections of L-364,718 (20 nmol/kg) significantly inhibited pancreatic protein and enzyme responses by food (33% inhibition) but ...

Systemic injection of the nauseogenic agent LiCl is known to increase neurohypophyseal secretion of oxytocin (OT) in rats. The present results indicated that the induced OT secretion was related exponentially to the inhibition of food intake. A similar relation between OT secretion and food intake also was observed after systemic ...

The aim of this investigation was to study the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) in connection with feeding and lactation and to investigate the involvement of CCK in the regulation of food intake. For this purpose a method based on high performance liquid chromatography and subsequent radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the determination ...

Systemic cholecystokinin (CCK) suppresses food intake in various species and has therefore been proposed to act as a satiety factor. Because CCK is also present in the hypothalamus and furthermore meets neurotransmitter criteria, the hypothesis was tested whether CCK participates in the transmission of satiety messages at the lateral hypothalamic ...

Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), a major component of panax ginseng, on modulation of ingestive behavior were investigated. No direct effect was observed on food intake after 10 microliters infusion of 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 or 8.0 mM Rg1 into the rat third ventricle for 10 min. Continuous osmotic infusion of ...

The satiety-inducing effects of centrally and peripherally administered cholecystokinin (CCK) in experimental animals have been well documented. Recently, studies in humans showed that CCK is released into plasma following food ingestion, a phenomenon postulated to promote meal-related satiety. To explore whether abnormal CCK secretion during feeding may be related to ...

The effect of single intraperitoneal 1 g.kg-1 doses of a solution of 20 amino acids (AA) on food intake was investigated in 20 piglets examined repeatedly between 2 and 26 days of age. The animals were reared individually from day 1 after birth in cages and bottle-fed a liquid diet ...

Cholecystokinin (CCK) radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry were used to localize the expression of CCK-like peptides in the gut, brain, and skin of Xenopus laevis during development from fertilization through metamorphosis to the adult form. CCK-like peptides were first detected in the gut shortly before food was first observed in the lumen ...

Our experimental models in this study were cats fitted with gastric fistulae. Intravenous infusion of sulfated CCK 8 and nonsulfated Boc CCK 7 inhibited both sham-feeding and feeding in fasted cats. The threshold dose (1.2 pmol/kg.hr) required for inhibition of sham-feeding was identical to that required to inhibit feeding in ...

Systemic injection of the peptide hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) is known to inhibit food intake and gastric emptying, and to stimulate neurohypophyseal secretion of oxytocin (OT) in rats. Previous studies also have shown that surgical destruction of afferent fibers in the gastric vagus eliminates the inhibitory effects of CCK on food ...

The aim of this study is to determine the role of adenosine in postprandial hyperemia in the jejunum of anesthetized dogs. The effect of two adenosine antagonists, aminophylline and 8-phenyltheophylline, on the vascular responses to intra-arterial infusion of adenosine and luminal placement of food was determined. The effect of aminophylline ...

Specific binding sites for cholecystokinin (CCK) in the gastrointestinal tract of the adult rat are limited to the gastroduodenal region and are concentrated in the circular muscle of the pyloric sphincter. To determine the relationship of these pyloric muscle binding sites to the inhibition by CCK of food intake and ...

Like other mammals, ruminants can also control their food intake. One of the potential sites where feed-back signals arise is the liver. We have already shown in our previous study that intraportal administration of propionate depresses intake and that this action is dependent on an intact nerve supply to the ...

Plasma fuels, pancreatic hormones, liver glycogen, and food and water intake were measured immediately before or during the nocturnal feeding period of rats given hepatic portal or jugular infusions of glucose, fructose, and mannitol (0.3 M x 10 ml/2 h). Compared with mock and saline control infusions, hepatic portal glucose, ...

Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) is known to suppress feeding in sheep, pigs, golden hamsters and rats following acute intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection. In this study, we report the effects of chronically administered i.c.v. CCK-8 on long-term food intake in rats. After baseline food intake was established over a period of 3 days, ...

Food intake and feelings of hunger and fullness were monitored in paired studies carried out in two groups of six healthy non-obese male volunteers during infusion of isotonic solutions of either a 50% corn oil emulsion or saline into the jejunum or into the ileum. Infusion of the lipid emulsion ...

Early satiety may play a role in the anorexia of aging. The effects of the peripheral satiety agents cholecystokinin (CCK), bombesin, glucagon, and calcitonin were studied in 8 and 25 month old mice. During normal feeding behavior, the older mice consumed more than their younger counterparts, however, when food deprived, ...

Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8, 5 micrograms/kg) was injected i.p. into male Sprague-Dawley rats bearing the Walker 256-carcinosarcoma, or into non-tumour bearing controls, on a 20-h food deprivation schedule. Food and water intake and body weight maintenance were monitored for 15 days after tumour implantation and compared to that of tumour-bearing animals ...

In this study, we examined the effect of a putative neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator histamine (HA) on the feeding behavior to elucidate its physiological function in the central nervous system. Rats were implanted with a cannula into the suprachiasmatic nucleus through which HA was continuously infused for 200 hours with ...

1. To determine the role of endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) in the regulation of food intake, the effects of the potent CCK receptor antagonist L364,718 were investigated on the intake of a palatable diet in non-deprived rats. The effect of a single dose of proglumide was also investigated for comparative purposes. ...

A substance which suppresses food intake was isolated from human feces. This substance was extracted and partially purified using Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography and a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography. To assess the biological activity, rats were subjected to various applications. The intraperitoneal administration and the intracerebroventricular microinfusion of this substance ...

A method of mathematical treatment of data concerning changes in voluntary consumption of ethanol solution, water and solid food, induced by experimental treatments in animals, in order to recognize effects on mechanisms involved in specific appetite and satiety for calories, water and ethanol is proposed. The need of such method ...

We compared growth rate, food conversion ratio and morphology of the growth zone in female Sprague-Dawley rats with subtotal nephrectomy or sham operation. Both groups were either given vehicle or 1.4 IU/day recombinant human growth hormone (GH) by s.c. osmotic minipump, or 2.5 IU twice daily intraperitoneally for 14 or ...

The effects of intraportal administration of endogenous sugar acids such as 2DTA, 3DPA and 2B40 on afferent activity of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve were investigated in the rat. A decrease in afferent discharge rate was observed after administration of 2DTA (0.1 mM approximately 10 mM, 0.1 ml) ...

If a satiating effect of endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced through a circulating hormonal mechanism, then administration of exogenous CCK into the hepatic-portal vein should decrease meal size. We report here that when doses of CCK-8 are injected intraperitoneally, they are at least four times more potent at reducing food ...

The reduction in food intake produced by exogenous CCK-8 (8 micrograms.kg-1, IP) in 18 hr food-deprived rats was significantly reversed by either of two proglumide analogues at doses of 0.44 and 4.4 microM.kg-1. The two glutamic acid derivatives tested were CR-1409 [N-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-L-glutamic acid-1-di-n-pentylamide], effective at doses of 0.2 and 2.0 ...

Male rats deprived of food for 48 h ignored food pellets immediately after ejaculating with a sexually receptive female rat as did males tested 5 min after i.p. injection of 5 micrograms cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) or males which had consumed food pellets for 1 h. The concentration of CCK-8 in ...

1. Adolescent cockerels of a laying strain were prepared with catheters whose tip lay in the hepatic portal vein, to study the effect of 3-h infusions of nutrients on food intake. 2. Lysine, infused into the hepatic portal vein at rates of 150-450 mg/3 h reduced 3-h food intake by ...

Male and female ob/ob and +/+ mice were tested with CCK-8 (1, 2, 4 and 8 micrograms/kg) administered 15 min prior to 30-min access to solid food after 17.5 hr food deprivation and 15 min prior to 30-min access to water after 17.5 hr water deprivation. The threshold dose for ...

Intra-third cerebroventricularly administered cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) decreased food intake through central mechanisms in the dog. Proglumide, administered intravenously, did enter into cerebrospinal (ventricular) fluid, and partially, but significantly, reversed this effect. CR1409, one of the newly synthesized glutaramic derivatives, blocked CCK-8-induced satiety more strongly than proglumide. These results indicate that ...

To determine whether exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) and endogenous CCK evoke different gastrointestinal motor responses, we investigated the motility induced by CCK by use of standard manometric methods. Injection (ip) of 500 ng/kg CCK caused immediate profound gastric inhibition and duodenal phasic excitation that did not resemble the postprandial pattern. Similar ...

Cockerels of a laying strain were prepared at 16 weeks of age with catheters whose tip lay in the hepatic portal vein, to study the effect of 3-h infusions of nutrients into the liver on food intake. L-Lysine (300 mg) and D-glucose (1.26 mg) reduced food intake by up to ...

Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8, 1, 190 pmol/5 min) decreased food intake and water consumption in two models of ingestive behavior, i.e., food deprivation-induced feeding and insulin-induced feeding, when administered into the third (3V) and lateral (LV) cerebral ventricles. In fasted dogs, the suppression of food intake was more prominent after 3V ...

If the putative satiating effect of endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced through a circulating hormonal mechanism, then administration of exogenous CCK into the hepatic-portal vein should decrease meal size. To test this, one form of endogenous CCK, the C-terminal octapeptide CCK-8, was infused intraportally in doses of 4 and 8 ...

1. The influence of gastrointestinal infusions of fat on short-term and 24 h control of food intake were studied in twenty-four pigs fed twice per day and seventeen fed three times per day. The pigs were fitted with up to four catheters placed in the stomach, the duodenum, and at ...

Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8, 5 micrograms/kg, IP) was injected daily, for two 4-day periods, into rats bearing the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma (TB) and non-tumor bearing (NTB) control animals. All animals were on a 20 hr food and water deprivation schedule and monitored for food and water intake and bodyweight for 4 ...

Cholecystokinin (CCK) suppresses food intake in a number of animal models, but appears to be less effective in females [5,23]. We studied the effect of CCK on food intake in female rats on each day of the estrous cycle. In addition, we evaluated the effect of sex hormones on food ...

Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorous sungorous) decrease their food intake when exposed to short ("winter-like") photoperiods. The cause of this naturally-occurring hypophagia is unknown, but it may be due to a heightened sensitivity to the factors that normally terminate food intake in long photoperiods, such as the putative satiety peptides. The ...

In the studies reported here we demonstrate that bombesin decreases food intake in wolf (Canis lupus) pups without altering glucose or insulin levels. A high dose of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK, 5 micrograms/kg) decreased food intake. CCK produced a transient increase in insulin, without altering glucose. Glucagon (0.5 mg/kg) failed to decrease ...

The effects of infusions for approximately 1 wk of the synthetic COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) and its derivatives, pyroglutamyl-CCK-8 (pGlu-CCK-8) and glutaryl-CCK-8 (Glt-CCK-8), into the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus of male Wistar rats on their feeding behavior under 12:12 light-dark cycle were examined. Infusion of CCK-8 (0.8 ...

Because cholecystokinin octapeptide and angiotensin II are directly involved in intestinal food and water absorption, the effect of these two compounds on intestinal motor responses of hibernating and alert 13-lined ground squirrels was investigated. Both cholecystokinin octapeptide and angiotensin II caused a greater increase in the composite motility of intestinal ...

We examined the contribution of experimental factors to the hepatic control of food intake. Rats with either hepatic portal or jugular catheters were infused four times with glucose (4.5 mg/min) and equitonic saline (2 ml/2 h). During the infusions their food contained nonnutritive chocolate or chicken flavor, depending on the ...

Previous experiments demonstrated the ineffectiveness of the C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) for impairing runway performance by food-deprived rats. These results were consistent with the proposal that CCK-8 does not reduce food intake by inhibiting appetitive motivation but instead acts late in the meal to prematurely trigger satiety. For further ...

Cholecystokinin (CCK), a peptide found in both gastrointestinal endocrine cells and neurons, suppresses food intake and reduces locomotor behavior when injected systemically. Both the locomotor and ingestive effects of CCK are abolished by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Pretreatment of adult rats with capsaicin attenuates the reduced locomotor activity and reduced food intake ...

Administration of cholecystokinin (CCK) to rats caused a dose-dependent increase in plasma levels of the neurohypophyseal hormone oxytocin (OT). The OT secretion was comparable to that found in response to nausea-producing chemical agents that cause learned taste aversions. The effect of CCK on OT secretion was blunted after gastric vagotomy, ...

The mother rat is hyperphagic, aggressive toward other adults, and less fearful than non-maternal rats. The present experiments were conducted to examine whether GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acid) mechanisms in the ventromedial hypothalamus and amygdala participate in the control of these behavioral changes. Unilateral infusions of the GABA receptor blocker bicuculline (60 ...

Baboons were infused intravenously for 5 min with the octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) after either a 16.5- or 3.5-h fast. After a 3.5-h fast, food intake was significantly suppressed over the ensuing 30 min by 2 micrograms/kg of CCK-8 (-156 +/- 34 kcal compared with control days, P less than ...

Rats were surgically prepared to allow perfusions of anatomically limited portions of the gastrointestinal (GI) surface during test meals. The results demonstrated that at least one potent satiety signal was generated when ingested food accumulated in the stomach and did not enter the small intestine. This gastric satiety signal did ...

Subdiabetogenic doses of alloxan injected into the hepatic portal vein of rats abolished glucagon-induced inhibition of feeding (glucagon satiety) both in daytime tests using a palatable food and in nighttime tests using their standard pelleted diet. In contrast, inhibition of food intake by cholecystokinin and epinephrine and stimulation of feeding ...