To test the hypothesis that only dietary protein (Pro; chicken egg albumin) and not amino acids (AA), carbohydrates (CHO; cornstarch), or fats (Fat; corn oil) produces a satiating effect via cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors, devazepide was coadministered with each macronutrient. Given alone (in 4 ml ig), Pro (0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 ...

Glucose or lipid was infused intravenously (IV) or intragastrically (IG) 30 min before and also during the 17 h when rats were fed both a high-carbohydrate diet and a high-fat diet. Three-day infusions of 28.1 kcal of glucose reduced daily food intake by 19.7 +/- 1.9 kcal/day, representing an oral ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of pancreastatin (PST) (400 pmol/kg/hr) and somatostatin (SRIF) (400 pmol/kg/hr) on food-induced release of gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and peptide YY (PYY) in conscious dogs. The present findings indicate that SRIF is more potent than PST on the inhibition of ...

To further investigate the possible role of apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV) in the short-term control of food intake, we examined the kinetics of intestinal apo A-IV synthesis and release into lymph and plasma after intragastric delivery of physiological amounts of lipid. Within 30 min of intragastric administration of 0.1 g ...

Apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV, a component of intestinally secreted, triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins, has recently been proposed as a physiological controller of gastric function and food intake. Thus, it is important to understand the mechanisms involved in the control of expression, synthesis and secretion of apo A-IV. Apo A-IV is a member of ...

Amylin is a hormone produced by the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Amylin decreased food pellet consumption. Amylin also decreased lever pressing for milk solution whether or not the mice were prefed. Amylin did not produce a conditioned taste aversion in a two bottle test, whereas lithium chloride did. In addition, ...

The aim of this work was to study the involvement of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the control of food intake in chickens. The following aspects were studied: 1) the effects of intravenous and intracerebroventricular sulfated octapeptide of CCK (CCK-8s) on voluntary food intake; 2) the effects of two CCK-receptor antagonists. L-365,260 ...

This article has examined the control of food intake as a physiologically complex, motivated behavioral system. During the past four decades, considerable progress has been made in understanding putative signals for hunger, satiation, and satiety, although hunger signals have proven to be more difficult to identify. The putative physiologic controls ...

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a hormonal peptide that at high doses has been shown to reduce food intake. In the present study, the dose-response effects of subcutaneous infusion of IAPP (0, 2, 7, and 25 pmol.kg-1.min-1) for 8 days on food intake and meal patterns in rats were investigated. ...

Peripheral administration of the fructose analogue 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (AM), that inhibits hepatic glucose release and ATP formation, stimulates food intake in rats. This effect is partly generated in the hepato-portal area and transmitted to the central nervous system by the common hepatic vagus branch because hepatic branch vagotomy eliminated the feeding ...

We examined satiation after intraduodenal infusion of triglyceride with or without Pluronic L-81 (L-81) in rats. L-81 suppresses lipid transport into mesenteric lymph by preventing the formation of chylomicrons. Under unrestrained conditions, a lipid emulsion was infused into 24-h fasted rats intraduodenally for 8 h. After the infusion, food intake ...

The demonstration that intraperitoneal administration of the sulphated octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8S) inhibits food but not water intake in rats, has led to the hypothesis that endogenous peripheral CCK acts as a food-specific satiety factor. As water-deprived rats given free access to water can satisfy their thirst fairly rapidly, it ...

The influence of the cholecystokinin (CCK)-A receptor antagonist, devazepide (DVZ), on the chicken digestive tract was investigated. The passage of food from the crops of birds treated with DVZ was not significantly different from that of the control. DVZ treatment did not inhibit the biliary flow stimulated by the CCK ...

Central and peripheral administration of enterostatin have been reported to reduce fat or high-fat food intake in rats. Enterostatin is formed in the intestinal lumen by tryptic cleavage of pancreatic procolipase during intraluminal fat digestion. The present experiments were designed to test if enterostatin following intraintestinal infusion would affect food ...

The number of egg rafts oviposited by Culex pipiens and Culex restuans in infusion-baited ovitraps varied with the type of infusion substrate, infusion age, method of infusion preparation, and calendar date. In one or more tests, more Culex egg rafts were collected from water infused with Kentucky bluegrass sod, mixed ...

Previous studies have shown that acidic and basic fibroblast growth fa ctor (aFGF and bFGF) and certain fragments of the aFGF N-terminal suppress food intake in rats due to their inhibitory actions on the glucose-sensitive neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). The present study was planned to determine the ...

To examine whether the sodium-potassium pump (Na+,K(+)-ATPase) mediates food or NaCl intake, male Sprague-Dawley rats with ad lib access to food, water, and 300 mM NaCl solution were infused for 27 days with the Na+,K(+)-ATPase inhibitor, ouabain (4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 micrograms/h, SC). Ouabain significantly decreased NaCl preference ...

The effects of CCK on food intake were investigated under fixed feeding conditions in comparison to a test meal taken after 16 h of food deprivation. The experiments were performed on young adult rats (8 weeks old) as well on aged rats (23 months old). Intraperitoneal CCK-8 (8 and 40 ...

The satiating effect of the selective cholecystokininA (CCKA) receptor agonist A71378 and the mixed A and B receptor agonist CCK-8S were compared in 24-h food-deprived rats. After systemic application of 1.6, 8.0, and 40 micrograms/kg A71378 or CCK-8S, respectively, food intake was measured for 24 h. During the first hour ...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether pretreatment with the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen could prevent the inhibitory effect of systemically administered cholecystokinin (CCK) on food intake in rats. Baclofen (2 mg/kg, SC) administered 60 min prior to IP injection of CCK (5 micrograms/kg) significantly attenuated the suppressant ...

How fat feeding, especially lipoproteins and apolipoproteins, may affect food intake is unclear. Apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV) is a protein associated with chylomicrons, and its synthesis by the small intestine is markedly stimulated following ingestion of fat. We explored the anorectic effect of chylous lymph on feeding behavior. Intestinal lymph ...

The arrival of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract suppresses intake. To specify the neural pathways and receptor locations of this feedback, we examined the effects of intraduodenal infusions of 10 nutrients plus saline on short-term food intake of rats with selective deafferentations of vagal celiac branches. Three response profiles were ...

Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) has suppressive effects on food intake. In the present study, the effect of aFGF fragments on food intake were investigated in rats. Infusion of a carboxyl-terminal fragment of aFGF, aFGF-(114-140), did not affect food intake, whereas an amino-terminal fragment of aFGF, aFGF-(1-15), was significantly inhibitory. ...

To explore mechanisms whereby unabsorbed nutrients in the ileum inhibit the upper gut ("ileal brake"), we perfused the canine ileum or colon and monitored phase 3 in the duodenum. Fasting motility was recorded when the ileum or colon was perfused with 154 mM NaCl, a mixed isotonic nutrient solution (Ensure), ...

1. The demonstration that systemic administration of the CCKA receptor antagonist, devazepide, increases food intake in rats has provided the strongest support for the hypothesis that endogenous peripherally released cholecystokinin (CCK) acts as a satiety factor. However, interpretation of these results has been confounded by the fact that devazepide can ...

The reproducibility of three questions, related to fullness, satiety and desire to eat, rated on an unmarked triangle was verified. In four sessions 12 volunteers ate pasta with tomato sauce (520 kcal) and were asked to rate the sensations felt. There was no difference in rating scores of the replications ...

Amylin has been demonstrated to decrease food intake in mice and rats. Amylin is effective when delivered both peripherally and directly into the central nervous system. Amylin's effect on food intake is not aversive. Amylin may produce its effect on food intake by modulating nitric oxide synthesis. Calcitonin gene related ...

The hypothesis that endogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) reduces the incentive value assigned to food was examined by training undeprived rats to lever press and chain pull, with one action earning food pellets and the other maltodextrin solution. All animals were then food deprived and reexposed to one outcome after an injection ...

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) at 50 ng/h for 5 days in male BALB/c mice suppressed the daily intakes of water and food (n = 4). Intakes were reduced on the second day, and were suppressed until the second day after stopping the infusion. The same ...

In the absence of causative therapy of acute pancreatitis the management of the disease focus on treatment and prevention of complications and symptoms. In mild acute pancreatitis intravenous fluid administration, analgetics and avoidance of oral fluid or food intake is sufficient in most cases. The treatment of severe pancreatitis involves ...

Several studies have demonstrated that administration of cholecystokinin (CCK) reduces food intake in several species, including humans. In animal studies CCK-receptor antagonists have been reported to increase food intake, suggesting a physiological satiety effect of CCK in these animals. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we investigated the effect of the ...

Somatostatin (ST) inhibits gastrointestinal motility and exocrine and endocrine secretions. In animals, ST has been demonstrated to decrease food intake. We investigated, in a randomized double-blind investigation in 10 healthy humans, the effects of an intravenous ST infusion compared to saline on subjective hunger feelings. After 1 h, a low ...

An analogue of the C-terminal heptapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK) t-Boc-Tyr(SO3-)-Nle-Gly-D-Trp-Nle-Asp-a-2-phenylethylester is a potent, specific CCK receptor antagonist. Intraperitoneal injection of the antagonist abolished suppression of real feeding and sham feeding by exogenous CCK-8 (1.8 nmol/kg), and significantly increased real feeding. Assuming an antagonist distribution like that of exogenous CCK-8, our ...

Cholecystokinin 33 (CCK) was infused intravenously to eight healthy obese women and 10 healthy lean women of the same age, in doses that elicited plasma cholecystokinin concentrations in the physiological range. The effect of these infusions after a standardised banana 'shake' (preload) on food intake and satiety signals was compared ...

The relationship between surfeit caloric consumption during intravenous infusion of a parenteral nutrition solution providing 100% daily caloric needs (PN-100; glucose:fat:amino acid = 50:30:20), carcass adiposity, and postinfusion food intake was evaluated. Rats received saline (control) or PN-100 for 4 days via jugular vein. PN-100 rats were either allowed or ...

PURPOSE: To determine the cause of body weight loss after total gastrectomy. METHODS: We evaluated the acute effect of exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) on food intake and the chronic effect of CCK receptor blockade on food intake and body weight after total gastrectomy in rats. RESULTS: Exogenous CCK significantly reduced food ...

We compared suppression of intake of 30% sucrose produced by continuous aortal (near celiac) and intravenous infusions of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8). Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats received 21-min infusions of saline or 100-1,600 ng CCK-8. Sucrose was available for 20 min, beginning 1 min after onset of infusions. Significant reductions in ...

The large increase in propranolol (PL) bioavailability when administered with food cannot be entirely explained by a transient increase in hepatic blood flow. A change in metabolic capacity or tissue uptake induced by changes in insulin and/or glucagon associated with food ingestion may contribute to the food effect. This hypothesis ...

A cholecystokinin monoclonal antibody (CCK MAb) was used to immunoneutralize CCK to test the hypothesis that CCK produces satiety by an endocrine mechanism. We first characterized the effects of CCK MAb on pancreatic secretion. Conscious rats with jugular vein and bile-pancreatic duct cannulas received CCK MAb or control antibody intravenously ...

Peripheral administration of the brain/gut peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) has been demonstrated to inhibit food intake in a variety of species, and administration of the specific type A CCK receptor antagonist devazepide increases food intake in a variety of experimental paradigms. The potency of CCK to inhibit intake depends upon a ...

In order to investigate whether the inhibitory effect of systemically administered cholecystokinin (CCK) on food intake is dependent on an interaction with central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) processes, we examined the effects of pretreating rats that were deprived of food for various periods of time (22 h in Experiments 1 and 3, ...

In 1987 Ryan-Harshman et al. reported finding no effects on food intake after administering high doses (up to 10.08 g) of phenylalanine and aspartame in capsules to human volunteers. However, this is contrary to the results of other studies, and trends in their tabulated data suggest that certain effects may ...

The effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), basic FGF (bFGF), and related peptides, such as aFGF fragments, on food and water intake were investigated. Infusion of aFGF and bFGF into the third cerebral ventricle significantly suppressed food intake. The potency of aFGF was 1.5 that of bFGF in food ...

Amylin has been demonstrated to produce anorexia in rodents. Its mechanism of action is unknown. We have studied the effect of amylin on food intake in mice in a variety of paradigms to determine whether it inhibits food intake by a peripheral mechanism of action. In addition, we determined its ...

Intraperitoneal injections of 3.5, 7.0, 14.0, and 28.0 micrograms/kg of CCK-8 into free-feeding broiler chickens significantly reduced food intake and delayed feeding (p < 0.05). To determine whether CCK can condition preference or aversion and to investigate the latency and the reversal of the effect, a low (2 micrograms/kg) and ...

The effects of repeated morphine infusions (10 micrograms/0.5 microliter) into the nucleus accumbens on feeding were studied in sated rats. As shown previously, intra-accumbens morphine infusions induced a large increase in food intake. After undergoing repeated morphine treatment, animals consumed significant quantities of food in response to a saline or ...

Exogenous administration of cholecystokinin (CCK) reduces food intake in humans; however, it is not clear if endogenous CCK is a true satiety hormone. The aim of this experiment was to manipulate endogenous release of CCK using L-phenylalanine (L-PA), a potent releaser of CCK, and to measure subsequent food intake. On ...

Animal and human studies have suggested a satieting effect of ceruletide, an analog of cholecystokinin. In humans, signs of a selectively diminished central nervous processing of food stimuli may provide a more valid measure of satiety than overt eating behavior. To assess the satieting effects of ceruletide in humans, effects ...

We investigated the roles of the vagus nerve and the serotonin3 (5-HT3) receptor in mediating the food intake depression associated with amino acid deficiency. The food intake of sham-operated (sham) rats given an isoleucine-imbalanced (IMB) diet was reduced to < 40% of control basal (BAS) diet intake (P = 0.0009), ...

The cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonist MK-329 (previously L-364,718) was administered intraperitoneally to free-feeding broiler chickens and tested for conditioning effects using the colored food paradigm. The 8.0, 16.0, and 32.0 micrograms/kg doses of MK-329 did not exert any effect on food intake and failed to condition a color preference or ...