Factors that induce hibernation of Syrian hamsters were analyzed in young adults and older adults under two photoperiodic conditions (i.e., a long photoperiod and a natural photoperiod). The experiment was performed from September 1st, 1992 to March 24th, 1993. The older hamsters entered earlier into and spent longer in hibernation ...

The pancreatic peptide amylin (1 microgram/kg) injected intraperitoneally reduced cumulative food intake for up to 4 h in food-deprived (24 h) and non-deprived rats at various times of the day, i.e., at dark onset, in the middle of the dark phase, and at light onset. At none of these times ...

Food restriction combined with activity wheel access produces activity anorexia: a combination of excessive running, reduced food intake and rapid weight loss. Temporal distributions of running in activity anorexia were examined in a reversal design with one of 2 x 2 x 2 factorial combinations (pelleted-vs-powdered food x deprivation x ...

We examined the effects of hunger and fear on food neophobia in humans. Subjects came to the experiment five or more hours food-deprived (high hunger) or two or less hours food-deprived (low hunger) and were assigned either to give a speech (high fear) or to listen to a speech (low ...

CholecystokininB receptors in the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei may be involved in the regulation of appetite and neuroendocrine function. In situ hybridisation was used to determine levels of mRNA encoding cholecystokininB receptors in these nuclei in normal rats and rats deprived of food, water or both food and water ...

The effect of food palatability and duration of food deprivation on the modulation of food intake by two benzodiazepine receptor (BDZR) ligands, CGS 9896 and CGS 8216, were investigated. Three diets differing in palatability (high, medium, or standard) and three different periods of food deprivation (0, 16, or 24 h) ...

In a study designed to assess the effects of short-term food deprivation on cognitive function, a sample of female subjects (N = 21) was tested on a number of measures of cognitive function after three levels of food deprivation (miss one meal, miss two meals or miss all food for ...

Maternal stress on gestational day 8 (GD8) in the CD-1 mouse can induce a syndrome of fetal anomalies, including encephalocele, supernumerary ribs, fused ribs and vertebral anomalies. Two forms of restraint were compared for their ability to induce these defects. The two types of restraint differed in the degree of ...

The implantation failure in newly inseminated mice induced by food deprivation for 48 hr, beginning at 0900 hrs on day 4 post coitum, was prevented by simultaneous exposure to light continuously for 48 or 36 hr. Food-deprived females that were exposed to continuous light for 36 hr showed a significant ...

In the present study the effects of water deprivation in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) on the pharmacokinetic profile of antipyrine were assessed. A cross-over design was used. The pharmacokinetics of antipyrine in adult and young camels were compared. Antipyrine was administered intravenously to young and adult female camels when water ...

In order to provide information on the state of hydration of broilers during marketing, 7-week-old Ross broilers of mixed sex were kept at 17 or 23 degrees C and deprived of food, or food and water, for 24 h. Measurements were made of live weight, carcass weight, muscle moisture, packed ...

In CD-1 mice, maternal restraint stress was combined with all-trans-retinoic acid (tRA) given during the restraint period (9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m.) to determine in what manner and to what degree teratogenesis might be affected by treatment timing within the stress period and to determine the optimum timing for stress-enhanced ...

The white-tailed prairie dog is an obligate hibernator that enters a heterothermic phase when maintained in the cold with low intensity light and ad libitum food and water. The black-tailed prairie dog (a facultative hibernator) will not hibernate under similar conditions. It has been suggested that the black tailed prairie ...

Unlike rats, Siberian hamsters exhibit seasonal changes in energy balance that are controlled by the photoperiod (daylength). In Siberian hamsters, body weight and fat, and food intake peak in long, summer-like days and reach nadirs in short, winter-like days. The purpose of the present experiments was to test whether metabolic ...

We evaluated the potency of naloxone on intake of normal and sweet chow in food-deprived and schedule-fed rats. We found that naloxone's anorectic potency was dependent on the type of chow presented to the rats and the deprivation schedule utilized to stimulate food intake. In 24-h and 48-h deprived rats, ...

When deprived of both drinking water and food, pigs failed to develop the hyperosmolality usually expected with dehydration. In further studies 12 pigs were deprived of drinking water and food, and the effects were compared with data from nondeprived pigs, pigs water deprived but with food available, and pigs with ...

It has been previously shown that chronic water deprivation or hypertonic saline intake, osmotic stress models with concomitant decrease in food intake, decrease hypothalamic CRH mRNA levels and ACTH responses to acute stimulation. To determine the contribution of food restriction to the effects of osmotic stimulation, the function of the ...

Two experiments were conducted to examine physiological variables associated with the immobility response in the forced swim test. The first study compared the effects of water immersion, treadmill running, and foot shock, and showed that the time-related pattern of reactions to these three conditions, especially those involving lactate, glucose, anion ...

In this two-part study, an animal model of binge eating was first produced, then the rate of acquisition of cocaine self-administration was assessed. Initially, 16 female weanling rats were food deprived (DEPR) at 25, 95, and 143 days of age. Another group of 16 age-matched controls was allowed ad lib ...

The frequency of apoptosis after treatment with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was counted in the descending colonic and rectal crypts of food-deprived and fed rats. Food-deprived or fed rats were subcutaneously injected with DMH (100 mg/kg body weight). Six hours after the injection, apoptotic cells were observed in crypt regions by light ...

Two experiments evaluated the combined effects of food deprivation and runningwheel access on estrous cycles and estrous behavior of female hamsters. In experiment 1, food deprivation on days 1 and 2 of the estrous cycle disrupted the next expected ovulation, and this effect was more, rather than less, robust in ...

It has been argued that the control of instrumental action by motivational states is indirect, being mediated by the effects these states have on the incentive value of the instrumental outcome (A. Dickinson & B. W. Balleine, 1994). In this study, the benzodiazepine agonist midazolam was found to control instrumental ...

The effects of food deprivation on ring dove squabs' begging and pecking was examined during the period of transition from dependent to independent feeding. Food-deprived squabs begged more, pecked more, and were fed more by their parents than nondeprived squabs. When deprived, young squab primarily beg for food and older ...

Three distinct but related concepts have been used to estimate the numbers of people affected by hunger and to analyze the global food situation: food shortage, food poverty, and food deprivation. They focus on different aspects of the phenomenon of hunger and different levels of aggregation involved in its study. ...

In a model that combines hypoxia with ischemia, the relationship between histological outcome, evoked rise in blood glucose, and striatal glutamate release was investigated in the 24-h food-deprived and normally fed rat. Food deprivation protected the dorsolateral striatum very effectively, as was shown with a silver stain. An online monitoring ...

Prolonged food deprivation inhibits GH secretion in rats. To learn more about the nutritional regulation of GH secretion, we observed whether the recovery of GH secretion from prolonged food deprivation depends on the level of nutritional intake or a specific macronutrient in the refeed meal. Adult male Wistar rats were ...

The effects of various doses of morphine (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 mg/kg) and clonidine (0, 1.67, 15, 45 micrograms/kg) on motility were determined in food satiated and in food deprived rats. Food deprivation failed to change the general activity of rats after saline injections. Nevertheless, food-deprived animals tested under morphine ...

In an investigation of the effects of specific maternal stressors on development of the conceptus, pregnant mice were exposed to restraint stress on gestation day 9 (plug = day 1). Mated females were either unrestrained (C), unrestrained and food/water deprived (FWD), or restrained with surgical tape in a supine position ...

The reinforcing value of both food and cigarettes was examined in female smokers with and without bulimia nervosa. Subjects underwent two food-deprivation (18 h) and two nondeprivation conditions and worked for either food vs. money or cigarettes vs. money on concurrent progressive variable ratio schedules. Schedules for food/cigarettes increased progressively ...

We studied nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity and serotonin content in the diencephalon of 24 hr food deprived rats. NO synthase activity was significantly increased whereas serotonin levels together with those of tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were reduced in food deprived rats when compared to control rats. NG-Nitro-L-arginine (L-NO ...

The present study was designed to investigate possible similarities between the feeding and postprandial behavioral profile observed after different periods of food deprivation and after intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of adrenaline (A) (30 nmol/microliter) in satiated pigeons (Columba livia). The results indicate that the postprandial sleep-like behavior increases observed after A ...

Multicompartmental analysis was applied to study the kinetics of D-xylose distribution after its intragastric administration to healthy mares deprived of food for 12, 36, 72, and 96 hours. Disposition of D-xylose was described by a 5-compartment model. Maximal plasma D-xylose concentration was similar for 12 and 36 hours of food ...

1H nuclear magnetic resonance has been used to determine the effect of acute iv administration of the arginine vasopressin analog 1-(3-mercaptopropionic acid)-8-D-arginine vasopressin monoacetate (ddAVP; 2 micrograms) on renal medullary trimethylamine (TMA) levels in human volunteers. In subjects deprived of food and water for 15 h, urine osmolality (Uosm) was ...

We examined whether rats can associate the flavor of their food with its salt content, and whether this association is influenced by sodium status during training and testing. During two pairs of 2-h training trials, rats ate flavored food containing 1.75% NaCl or an alternatively flavored unsalted food. The motivational ...

Exogenous rT3 decreases O2 consumption in mammals and birds. Until now a correlation coefficient and a regression equation have not been presented. Statistical evaluation seems to be requisite for verifying the answer to the question of whether endogenous rT3 may be able to reduce O2 consumption in birds where the ...

The effect of food deprivation on alcohol self-administration was examined in five women with bulimia nervosa and five healthy controls in a semi-naturalistic experimental design. In this within-subjects study, each individual underwent two food-deprived and two non-deprived sessions. The deprivation condition consisted of no food or caloric beverages for 19 ...

The hepatic nerves can modulate hepatic glycogenolysis and glycogenesis and thus might be expected to be involved in the response of the animal to the transition from the fed to the food-deprived state. Therefore the arterial concentrations and net hepatic balance of glucose and its metabolites, as well as the ...

The effects of adrenalectomy on retention of the immobile response in the Porsolt swimming rat test are equally reversed by dexamethasone, ketocyclazocine and thyroxine; the effects of hypothyroidism are similarly equally well reversed by all three agents, or by adrenalectomy. Animals food deprived for 24 h lose the response, but ...

It has been suggested that bombesin (BN)-like peptides may play a physiological role in the control of food intake. We studied the time course of changes in the levels of central BN-like peptides during a meal. Four groups of animals were used: rats that were food (but not water) deprived ...

Broilers were either not transported or were transported for 2, 4 or 6 hours after having been subjected to food withdrawal times of less than one hour or of ten hours. The birds were then slaughtered using normal commercial practices. The longer period of food deprivation reduced liver weight and ...

The effects of food deprivation on rats' preferences for the flavors of different macronutrients were investigated. To minimize postingestive influences on flavor preferences, brief test sessions (30 min) and calorically dilute (0.08 kcal/g) solutions or suspensions were used. The findings revealed that whereas nondeprived rats preferred sucrose (2%) to hyrolyzed ...

Bombesin, an analog to gastrin releasing peptide, has previously been shown to inhibit food intake in the rat. In order to further characterize the effects of bombesin on ingestive behavior, the present study examined licking patterns of rats drinking sweetened condensed milk following bombesin (4 micrograms/kg, IP) or vehicle injection ...

The present study was designed to evaluate a possible role for the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) system in mediating the suppression of growth hormone (GH) secretion observed in food-deprived rats by measuring IGF-I mRNA, receptor concentration and receptor mRNA in neuroendocrine tissues (hypothalamus and pituitary). Rats were deprived of food ...

Net absorption rates for SCFA, sodium, chloride, magnesium, and water were measured in the temporarily isolated and washed reticulorumen of sheep. The animals were either fed hay ad lib. plus concentrates once daily or were deprived of food for two days. Food deprivation led to decreased net absorption of all ...

Two experiments were performed to investigate the effect of stress on testicular weight and body mass in young adult male Syrian hamsters under long or short photoperiods. We hypothesized that water or food deprivation causes stress and that the amount of stress depends on unpredictable timing of deprivation. More specifically, ...

Serial changes in growth hormone (GH) secretory pattern during 72 h food deprivation and in response to refeeding after 72 h food deprivation were observed in adult male Wistar rats. In addition, the effects of intravenous administration of glucose, fatty acids or amino acids and central injection of gamma-globulin from ...

This experiment examined whether hepatic metallothionein (MT) synthesis induced by stressful stimuli could reinforce the peripheral leukocyte defense mechanism in mice. A 2 x 2 cm section of dorsal skin was excised from male ICR mice (7 w.o.), then the hepatic MT concentration and superoxide anion production (SOA) in peripheral ...

Rats given restricted feeding and allowed free access to activity wheels increase activity, decrease food intake, and lose body weight compared to nonexercised controls. The phenomenon is of interest because of the relationship between exercise and anorexia nervosa. This study determined if another factor that energizes behavior in rats, water ...

1. Glucose and ketone body metabolism was studied in prairie dogs, which can withstand periods of food and water deprivation at near normal body temperatures without apparent utilization of body protein. 2. Plasma glucose concentrations decreased by 18% (from 8.39 to 6.83 mM) when animals were deprived of food and ...

Multicompartmental analysis was applied to study the kinetics of D-xylose distribution after IV administration to healthy mares deprived of food for 12 and 96 hours. Urinary excretion of D-xylose was measured over a 15-hour period after administration. The plasma D-xylose concentrations in this study were in the range found after ...