1. The forms of vitamin B12 were determined in foods, most of which had been prepared for consumption. 2. Five forms were detected: adenosylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin, cyanocobalamin and sulphitocobalamin. Adenoxylcobalamin and hydroxocobalamin were the predominant forms. 3. The intestinal absorption of [57Co]sulphitocobalamin was estimated and found to be lower than ...

Experiments were performed in two independent laboratories, each using their own meal preparations which were exactly similar in composition to the meals described by Herbert and Jacob (J. Am. Med. Assoc. 230:241, 1974), in order to check their report that incubating meals (portions of daily food intake by man) of ...

Data on nutrient intakes and blood vitamin levels were obtained for twenty-nine pregnant adolescents attending a special school for pregnant school-age girls in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Except for calcium and iron, mean intakes were equal to or greater than the Recommended Dietary Allowances. Food eaten at school contributed 35 ...

Vitamin B6 intakes of 33 males, 73 females, and 46 females using oral contraceptives, all 18- to 25-year-old students, were compared to coenzyme stimulation of erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activities of blood samples obtained from these subjects in order to ascertain the vitamin B6 status and perhaps the requirements of this ...

The troops in the first action of the American Revolution in Massachusetts were well provisioned through the efforts of Joseph Trumbull of Connecticut, whom the Second Continental Congress appointed Commissary General, at General Washingtion's request. The ration, as ordered, would have provided-by today's standards-more calories, twice as much protein, and ...

The purpose of these experiments was to further elucidate the effect of the trace element, zinc, on vitamin A metabolism. Three experiments were conducted at two different locations using different sources of animals. A total of 95 rats were used; 71 specific pathogen free and 24 germfree. The results indicate ...

Sea-sand obtained from two different areas (Madras and Bombay) in India showed that sand of 50-80 mesh from Madras had a satisfactory capacity to adsorb thiamine, and that the elution of the adsorbed vitamin was quantitative. With Bombay sand, however, the elution of the vitamin was not efficient. A few ...

This approach suggests that the healthier the sample, the greater the daily vitamin A intake. Under the conditions of this experiment, approximately 33,000 I.U. of vitamin A may be designated as the "ideal" daily allowance. This is almost seven times the RDA of 5000 I.U. for the adult male and ...

The direct injection of semicarbazide (SC), an antivitamin B6 (anti-B6), into the lateral ventricle of the mouse brain induced convulsion and tremors at a smaller dose after a shorter latent period than that in systemic administration. The symptoms were prevented by pyridoxine, aminooxyacetic acid or acetone, while they enhanced by ...

Absorption of folates, thiamin, vitamin B6, pantothenate and riboflavin from a natural food source--yeast--and their respective synthetic forms was studied in 37 patients with liver disease due to alcoholism, and 12 healthy, nonalcoholic subjects. All alcoholics absorbed riboflavin and pantothenate but had a significantly lowered absorption of thiamin and vitamin ...

Vitamin D is essential for normal growth, calcuim absorption, and skeletal development. Vitamin D deficiency can cause death, immobilization, or pelvic deformities which prevent normal childbirth. In the past these problems were extremely common in North America and Europe, and were only elminated by adding vitamin D to food. Prior ...

We have succeeded in growing a Tetrahymena mutant without food vacuoles in growth media supplemented with vitamins and heavy-metal salts. This finding implies the existence of adequate alternative routes of entry for every required nutrient, and clearly indicates that the food vacuole in Tetrahymena is a dispensable cellular organelle. The ...

A survey was conducted during 1971-1973 on the vitamin E status of Alaskan Eskomos. The subjects were 315 residents of the northern coastal villages of Wainwright and Point Hope and the southwestern inland villages of Kasigluk and Nunapitchuk. Plasma vitamin E levels for the 6- to 17-year-old subjects at Wainwright, ...

Two cases of vitamin D deficiency rickets verify the occurrence of deficiency rickets in the United States in 1973. The two cases demonstrate the need for periodic reviews of feeding practices, especically when the possibility of so-called milk allergy is postulated. This may lead to avoidance of milk products. Fortification ...

In the absence of appropriate amounts of metabolically important cofactors such as magnesium, replenishment of malnourished patients with protein and carbohydrate will exaggerate the underlying abnormality even though the primary deficiency is corrected. The malnourished patients cannot utilize the food substances provided unless they have within their cells commensurate amounts ...

A collaborative study was conducted to evaluate a method for identifying d- or dl-alpha-tocopherol in pharmaceuticals, food supplements, or feed supplements. The sample is extracted and saponified, the extraneous color is removed by chromatography, and the sample is assayed for vitamin E. Optical rotations are determined before and after formation ...

The nutritional status of 66 part Aborginines was re-examined in 1974--with particular reference to blood levels of haemoglobin and vitamins--after white bread fortified with iron and the vitamins B1 and PP (niacin) had been available for six and half months to the population of Bourke, New South Wales. The results ...

During a mass survey for coronary heart disease in Tromsö, Norway, in 1974, 385 men aged 20 to 50 from one particular electoral district completed an additional questionnaire concering the intake of vitamin D from all sources (natural food, fortified food and vitamin D preparations). The average daily intake of ...

In 25 schoolchildren (7-15 years old) a survey has been carried out in spring and fall on vitamin C intake by chemical analysis and plasma level of ascorbic acid. The inter-variation in the intake was very great and correspondingly the standard deviation was large. The values obtained by computation with ...

A brief review of the present knowledge of vitamin A (both performed and precursor forms) absorption is outlined with special emphasis on the dietary factors involved in this process. Some details are discussed related to the techniques used for measurement of vitamin A absorption from different sources and under different ...

A 12-year-old boy with histologically proved epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica was treated daily with 10,000 IU of DL-alphatocopheryl acetate and prednisone 120 mg. Comparison of a control study period of seven weeks with the period during which vitamin E was given revealed no significant improvement. The same negative results were noted ...

Ascorbic acid differs from other vitamins in that an exogenous source is required by only a few animal species. It is pointed out that this fact indicates that the amount contained in a diet of raw natural plant food is less than the optimum intake, corresponding to the best health. ...

This information about vitamin D is one in a series of fact sheets produced by registered dieticians at the clinical research hospital at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), in conjunction with the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. The fact sheet explains : what vitamin D is; what foods provide ...

This information about vitamin B6 is one in a series of fact sheets produced by registered dieticians at the clinical research hospital at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), in conjunction with the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. The fact sheet explains what vitamin B6 is; what foods provide this ...

This site is dedicated to vegetarianism. Some useful resources are provided including an international directory of vegetarian restaurants and natural health food stores, a vegetarian travel guide, an a to z of vitamins and minerals and an a to z of ingredients containing animal products. Also included are recipes, raw ...

In a paired feeding experiment the effects of vitamin B1 deficiency and of restriction of food intake have been compared. In both groups of animals the number of cases of paralysis and the number of deaths were less than in a control group on an unrestricted amount of the complete ...

Absorption of radioactive vitamin B12 was measured by the Schilling procedure in 14 patients who had had a partial gastrectomy. Injection of carbachol (250 μg) before the administration of the test dose increased absorption to a much smaller degree than the ingestion of a light meal containing a minimal quantity ...

Lifestyle and environmental factors have an influence on nutritional status. In order to enhance uptake and utilisation of both macro and micronutrients, it is important to have a balanced diet in line with the Balance of Good Health guidelines which focus on eating foods in variable amounts from each food ...

As part of a large-scale international, co-operative investigation into the side-effects produced by thioacetazone employed in the treatment of tuberculosis, an evaluation has been made of a supplement incorporating vitamins and an antihistamine as a prophylactic.Over a 12-week period of treatment, the additive supplement failed to reduce the over-all frequency ...

Absorption of radioactive vitamin B(12) was measured by the Schilling procedure in 14 patients who had had a partial gastrectomy. Injection of carbachol (250 mug) before the administration of the test dose increased absorption to a much smaller degree than the ingestion of a light meal containing a minimal quantity ...

A study to determine approximate intakes of vitamin D and sources contributing this nutrient was conducted among 1000 children, aged one week to 5(1/2) years, in two Ontario Health Units in 1963 and 1964. Over 70% of the children obtained daily intakes above the recommended level, 400 I.U. Supplements provided ...

Ration issues were studied by interviews with QM personnel and examination of warehousing and subsistence. Information on overall food consumption was obtained by examination of messes. Observations included: (1) Thoroughgoing interviews on dietary history overseas in order to estimate food consumption. (2) Medical history to detect symptoms attributable to nutritional ...

It has been shown that Fusarium lini B. grown on an artificial stock culture medium when supplemented with thiamin provides adequate amounts of the B-complex vitamins for normal growth, reproduction and lactation in mice, and that it compares very favorably with brewer's yeast in its food value.

In a paired feeding experiment the effects of vitamin B(1) deficiency and of restriction of food intake have been compared. In both groups of animals the number of cases of paralysis and the number of deaths were less than in a control group on an unrestricted amount of the complete ...