In resonant inelastic light scattering experiments on two-dimensional hole systems in GaAs-Al_{x}Ga_{1-x}As single quantum wells we find evidence for the strongly anisotropic spin-split hole dispersion at finite in-plane momenta. In all our samples we detect a low-energy spin-density excitation of a few meV, stemming from excitation of holes of the ...

An ab initio molecular dynamics approach is combined with the semiclassical tunneling method of Makri and Miller, which is applied to estimations of tunneling splitting in the umbrella inversion of ammonia and the intramolecular hydrogen transfer in malonaldehyde. In the application to malonaldehyde, effects of multidimensionality are examined by assigning ...

Electronic states of the PbSi molecule up to 4 eV have been studied by carrying out ab initio based MRDCI calculations which include RECPs of both the atoms. The use of semi-core RECPs of Pb produces better dissociation limits than the full-core one. However, the 3P0-3P1 splitting due to Pb ...

The transitions between the spin-split bands by spin-orbit interaction are relevant to many novel phenomena such as the resonant dynamical magnetoelectric effect and the spin Hall effect. We perform optical spectroscopy measurements combined with first-principles calculations to study these transitions in the recently discovered giant bulk Rashba spin-splitting system BiTeI. ...

We report the observation of Kondo physics in a spin-3/2 hole quantum dot. The dot is formed close to pinch-off in a hole quantum wire defined in an undoped AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure. We clearly observe two distinctive hallmarks of quantum dot Kondo physics. First, the Zeeman spin splitting of the zero-bias ...

We report the observation of a frequency shift and splitting of the electron spin resonance (ESR) mode of the low-dimensional S=1/2 frustrated antiferromagnet Cs_{2}CuCl_{4} in the spin-correlated state above the ordering temperature 0.62 K. The shift and splitting exhibit strong anisotropy with respect to the direction of the applied magnetic field ...

In many potential applications of two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy the excitation energies per pulse are strictly limited, while the samples are strongly scattering. We demonstrate a technique, based on double-modulation of incident laser beams with mechanical choppers, which can be implemented in almost any non-collinear four wave mixing scheme including ...

We have observed that the supercurrent across phase-biased, highly transmitting atomic size contacts is strongly reduced within a broad phase interval around π. We attribute this effect to quasiparticle trapping in one of the discrete subgap Andreev bound states formed at the contact. Trapping occurs essentially when the Andreev energy ...

Full dimensional multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree calculations of the zero point energy and the tunneling splitting of malonaldehyde using a recently published potential energy surface [Y. Wang, B. J. Braams, J. M. Bowman, S. Carter, and D. P. Tew, J. Chem. Phys. 128, 224314 (2008)] are reported. The potential energy surface ...

There has been increasing interest in phenomena emerging from relativistic electrons in a solid, which have a potential impact on spintronics and magnetoelectrics. One example is the Rashba effect, which lifts the electron-spin degeneracy as a consequence of spin-orbit interaction under broken inversion symmetry. A high-energy-scale Rashba spin splitting is ...

Evidence is presented for the finite wave vector crossing of the two lowest one-dimensional spin-split subbands in quantum point contacts fabricated from two-dimensional hole gases with strong spin-orbit interaction. This phenomenon offers an elegant explanation for the anomalous sign of the spin polarization filtered by a point contact, as observed ...

Boron nitride nanoribbons (BNNRs), the boron nitride structural equivalent of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), are predicted to possess unique electronic and magnetic properties. We report the synthesis of BNNRs through the potassium-intercalation-induced longitudinal splitting of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). This facile, scalable synthesis results in narrow (down to 20 nm), few ...

Substrate-induced spin-orbit splitting in graphene on Ni, Au and Ag(111) is examined on the basis of density-functional theory. The Rashba splitting of π bands along the ΓM direction of the graphene surface Brillouin zone in graphene on Ni(111) is found to be very small (a few millielectronvolts), consistent with the ...

Iron (Fe) availability is a major limiting factor for primary production in aquatic environments. Cyanobacteria respond to Fe deficiency by derepressing the isiAB operon, which encodes the antenna protein IsiA and flavodoxin. At nanomolar Fe concentrations, a PSI-IsiA supercomplex forms, comprising a PSI trimer encircled by two complete IsiA rings. ...

In more than 60 years of research on molecular excitons, there has been extensive theoretical work but few experimental investigations have rigorously tested the predictions of exciton coupling theories. In centrosymmetric doubly H-bonded molecular dimers with identical chromophores, the S0-->S1 electronic transition dipole moments of the monomers combine in a ...

ABSTRACT: The in-plane spin splitting of conduction-band electron has been investigated in an asymmetric (001) GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum well by time-resolved Kerr rotation technique under a transverse magnetic field. The distinctive anisotropy of the spin splitting was observed while the temperature is below approximately 200 K. This anisotropy emerges from the ...

Methylsulfonylmethane (or dimethyl sulfone), a naturally produced and vitally important organosulfur compound in living organisms, was irradiated with gamma rays, and the produced radicals were investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy at different temperatures. The structure and behavior of the radical changed when the temperatures varied. The hyperfine splitting of ...

A technique with coal-based direct reduction followed by magnetic separation is presented in this study for recovering and reusing iron otherwise wasted in vanadium tailings. Process parameters such as usage of additives, tailings/reductant/additives ratio, reduction temperature and time, as well as particle size were experimentally determined. The optimum process parameters ...

Mössbauer spectroscopy with a high velocity resolution was used for comparative studies of human adult, rabbit and pig oxyhemoglobins, human liver ferritin and its pharmaceutically important models Imferon and Maltofer(®) as well as liver and spleen tissues from normal and lymphoid leukemia chicken. These studies revealed small variations of Mössbauer ...

A systematic study of 12 ferric and ferrous Kbeta X-ray emission spectra (XES) is presented. The factors contributing to the Kbeta main line and the valence to core region of the spectra are experimentally assessed and quantitatively evaluated. While the Kbeta main line spectra are dominated by spin state contributions, ...

Research was performed to gain insight into the heterogeneous reaction of Cr(VI) reduction by zero-valent iron, which is frequently used in the treatment of contaminated groundwater using permeable reactive barriers. An electron probe microanalyzer was used to clarify in detail relevant aspects of the reaction with consequences for the conception ...

The hydrogenases [FeFe] and Hmd feature at first sight rather different active sites. A closer inspection reveals striking similarities, which allow us to define swapped ligand spheres in such a way that the single active iron center of Hmd functions in a first-shell ligand environment resembling the reacting iron atom ...

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are used as delivery systems for different therapeutics including nucleic acids for magnetofection-mediated gene therapy. The aim of our study was to evaluate physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, cellular uptake and trafficking pathways of the custom-synthesized SPIONs for their potential use in magnetofection. Custom-synthesized SPIONs were tested ...

The optical properties of antiphotobleaching and the advantage of long-term fluorescence observation of quantum dots are fully adopted to study the effects of iron on the endocytosis of transferrin. Quantum dots are labeled for transferrin and endocytosis of transferrin in HeLa cells is observed under the normal state, iron overloading, ...

Predicting the long-term potential of permeable reactive barriers for treating contaminated groundwater relies on understanding the endpoints of biogeochemical reactions between influent groundwater and the reactive medium. Iron hydroxy carbonate (chukanovite) is frequently observed as a secondary mineral precipitate in granular iron PRBs. Mineralogical characterization was carried out using X-ray ...

A trinuclear redox-active complex with an unprecedented ene-triyne backbone has been isolated and structurally characterized. The mono-oxidized mixed-valent species exhibits electronic delocalization necessary for molecular circuitry.

Akaganéite is a very rare iron oxyhydroxide in nature. It can be obtained by many synthetic routes, but thermohydrolysis is the most common method reported in the literature. In this work, akaganéite-like materials were prepared through the thermohydrolysis of FeCl(3).6H(2)O in water and suspensions containing clay minerals. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), ...

The ability of iron to accept or donate electrons, coupled with the ability of oxygen to act as an electron acceptor, renders both elements essential to normal cellular biology. However, these same chemical properties allow free iron in solution to generate toxic free radicals, particularly in combination with oxygen. Thus, ...

Iron is a trace element that is vital for life. It is a component of innumerable hemoproteins and many essential non-heme iron proteins that are involved in oxygen binding and metabolism and electron transfer. Nevertheless, iron can also be toxic to cells as it catalyses the production of oxygen radicals. ...

An aqueous mixture of goethite, quartz, and lead chloride (PbCl(2)) was treated with the sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans G20 (D. desulfuricans G20), in a medium specifically designed to assess metal toxicity. In the presence of 26 muM of soluble Pb, together with the goethite and quartz, D. desulfuricans G20 grew ...

Catalase and methaemoglobin have very similar haem groups, which are both ferric, yet catalase decomposes hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen very efficiently, while methaemoglobin does not. Structural studies have attributed this behaviour to their different distal environments. Here we present Fe L(2,3)-edge X-ray absorption spectra of these proteins in ...

The charge distribution in RFeAsO1-xFx (R=La,Sm) iron pnictides is probed using As nuclear quadrupole resonance. Whereas undoped and optimally doped or overdoped compounds feature a single charge environment, two charge environments are detected in the underdoped region. Spin-lattice relaxation measurements show their coexistence at the nanoscale. Together with the quantitative ...

Iron-gold alloys with compositions Fe(70)Au(30) and Fe(50)Au(50) were prepared by arc melting. The alloys were investigated by means of the high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM-FEG) in the as-cast state and upon annealing in two steps, i.e. at 250 degrees C for 24 h and subsequently at 500 degrees C for ...

This article presents results of the processing and microstructure evolution of ductile cast iron, modified by an addition of vanadium. The ductile iron was austenitized closed to the solidus (1095 degrees C) for 100 h, cooled down to 640 degrees C and held on at this temperature for 16 h. ...

The paper describes the investigations of nitride precipitates in a spearhead and a sword found in the territory of Poland, in cremation graveyards of the Przeworsk Culture, dated to the Roman Period. Three different techniques of the examination of nitride precipitates were employed: optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (scanning electron ...

Monodispersed iron phosphate hollow microspheres with a high degree of crystallization were prepared through a facile in situ deposition method using rape pollen grains as a biotemplate. The functional group on the surface of the pollen grains could adsorb Fe(3+), which provided the nucleation sites for growth of iron phosphate ...

Monodisperse wustite (core)/spinel (shell) nanocubes with controllable size from 9 to 22nm were synthesized by the decomposition of iron oleate complex at high temperature. The composition of the nanocubes was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and magnetic analysis, meanwhile the distributions of wustite and spinel phases within the nanocubes were directly ...

The [Fe]-hydrogenase is an ideal system for studying the electronic properties of the low spin iron site that is common to the catalytic centres of all hydrogenases. Because they have no auxiliary iron-sulfur clusters and possess a cofactor containing a single iron centre, the [Fe]-hydrogenases are well suited for spectroscopic ...

The effect of high-energy electron irradiation on ferritin/haemosiderin cores (in an iron-overloaded human liver biopsy), its mineral analogue; six-line ferrihydrite (6LFh), and iron phosphate dihydrate (which has similar octahedral ferric iron to oxygen coordination to that in ferrihydrite and ferritin/haemosiderin cores) has been investigated using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Fe ...

Previous preparation of iron phosphide nanowires usually employed toxic and unstable iron carbonyl compounds as precursor. In this study, we demonstrate that iron phosphide nanowires can be synthesized via a facile nonaqueous chemical route that utilizes a commonly available iron precursor, iron (III) acetylacetonate. In the synthesis, trioctylphosphine (TOP) and ...

Lactobacillus sakei is a lactic acid bacterium naturally found on meat. Although it is generally acknowledged that lactic acid bacteria are rare species in the microbial world which do not have iron requirements, the genome sequence of L. sakei 23K has revealed quite complete genetic equipment dedicated to transport and ...

Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) has become the most popular photocatalyst in treating persistent organic pollutants. The main disadvantage of TiO(2) is the diminishing photocatalytic activity over time due to the electron-hole pair recombination. Many studies have aimed to prolong the photocatalytic life of TiO(2). Among them, incorporation of zero-valent iron (ZVI) ...

(57)Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy is a method that probes transitions between the nuclear ground state (I=1/2) and the first nuclear excited state (I=3/2). This technique provides detailed information about the chemical environment and electronic structure of iron. Therefore, it has played an important role in studies of the numerous iron-containing proteins and ...

The in situ martensitic phase transformation of iron, a complex solid-state transition involving collective atomic displacement and interface movement, is studied in real time by means of four-dimensional (4D) electron microscopy. The iron nanofilm specimen is heated at a maximum rate of approximately 10(11) K/s by a single heating pulse, ...

A highly regioselective iron-catalyzed addition of branched primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl Grignard reagents to activated vinyl cyclopropanes is described, which likely proceeds by a direct addition mechanism as opposed to single electron transfer or an iron-allyl based process.

We investigated the low energy excitations in CoF(2) in the µeV range with a back-scattering neutron spectrometer. The energy scans on a CoF(2) powder sample revealed inelastic peaks at E = 0.728 ± 0.008 µeV at T = 3.46 K on both energy gain and energy loss sides. The inelastic peaks move ...

We explore the electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) of iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)5, in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) on clean and modified Rh(110) surfaces by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning Auger microscopy (SAM), and local Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). In EBID a highly focused electron beam is used to locally decompose the iron pentacarbonyl ...

We report here on magnetite- and wustite-encrusted and geometrically oriented microbial-like structures (MLS) attached to the surfaces of hematite (alpha-Fe(2)O(3)) crystals in a banded iron formation. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging showed a 3-D network of MLS arranged in 1 microm x approximately ...

Novel cubic nanocapsules consisting of metallic iron core and amorphous silica shell were fabricated through a simple chemical reduction route followed by a Stöber process. Thus-prepared Fe@SiO(2) nanocubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), Fourier transform ...

PGRL1 RNA and protein levels are increased in iron-deficient Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. In an RNAi strain, which accumulates lower PGRL1 levels in both iron-replete and -starved conditions, the photosynthetic electron transfer rate is decreased, respiratory capacity in iron-sufficient conditions is increased, and the efficiency of cyclic electron transfer under iron-deprivation ...