PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between family history of colorectal cancer and both health behavior and screening procedures in a population cohort. METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of 15,169 participants belonging to a prospective cohort study (the SUN Project) based on two ...

Purpose/Objectives: To test the impact of patient smoking behavior on family caregiver judgments of responsibility, emotions, empathic responses, and helping behavior.Design: Structural equation modeling.Setting: Five oncology outpatient settings in Canada.Sample: 304 dyads consisting of patients with lung cancer and their primary caregivers.Methods: Self-report questionnaires, abstracted medical record data, confirmatory factor ...

The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a potent regulator of tumorigenesis. In cancer, two distinctive behaviors of TGFβ have been reported as a tumor suppressor at early stage of the disease, and as a tumor promoter at later stages. The past decades, the dualistic role of TGFβ has garnered a ...

Research over the past 40 years has convincingly shown that lifestyle factors play a huge role in cancer incidence and mortality. The public, though, can often discount the preventability of cancer. That health information on the Internet is a vast and often scientifically suspect commodity makes promoting important and sound cancer ...

ABSTRACT: In this paper, a new mathematical model is developed to represent the interaction between healthy and cancer cells in the human body, focusing on the role of environmental factors and quality of life in the progression of cancer. We have investigated the dynamic effects of inputs on cancer growth, ...

At present, only three risk factors for prostate cancer have been firmly established; these are all nonmodifiable: age, race, and a positive family history of prostate cancer. However, numerous modifiable factors have also been implicated in the development of prostate cancer. In the current review, we summarize the epidemiologic data ...

Expression of astrocyte-elevated gene-1, a novel oncoprotein, is elevated in multiple cancers and plays a vital role in tumor cell growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and progression to metastasis. However, the functional significance of astrocyte-elevated gene-1 in non-small cell lung cancer still remains unclear. Our present study showed that the markedly up-regulated ...

This review looks at the available data relating to the informal education aspects and other health promoting approaches applied by adult cancer survivors to reduce the risk of cancer. The implications of such behavioral interventions on oncology practice are discussed. We also highlight areas of future research to pursue. Available ...

Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is overexpressed in several cancers and plays an important role in cancer progression. However, AEG-1 expression, biological function, and clinical significance in osteosarcoma have not been uncovered. Utilizing manipulated human osteosarcoma cell lines and osteosarcoma tissues, we found that increasing expression of AEG-1 enhanced osteosarcoma cell ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine how well breast cancer patients at a County hospital understood breast cancer concepts and treatment at time of operation. METHODS: An 11 question multiple-choice examination was devised at a Flesch-Kincaid grade level of 5.8. This was administered to patients ...

In the surgical treatment of lung cancers invading the superior vena cava (SVC), primary closure is preferred for reconstruction when the resected area is small, but the repaired vessel can become constricted. A novel method for SVC repair with azygos flap, which is a longitudinally opened azygos arch, is a ...

Several studies have reported an increased rate of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) in patients with unilateral breast cancer. This study reports on CPM trends from the American College of Surgeon's National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) diagnosed over a 10-year period. Data about women diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer between 1998 ...

BACKGROUND: Whether intraoperative analgesics have an impact on postoperative cancer recurrence is unknown. Some investigations suggest that the opioids could favor relapse and that regional analgesia and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs could improve cancer prognosis. We retrospectively reviewed our series of breast cancer surgery patients. METHODS: This retrospective study included 327 ...

Surgery remains the frontline treatment for oral cancer. Factors affecting the surgical management are related to the staging of the primary disease and the presence of regional or distant metastasis. Histopathological parameters such as tumour grade, depth and pattern of invasion are of paramount importance for the extent of the ...

Regional disparities in breast cancer outcomes have been reported in Switzerland. The purpose of this study is to investigate geographic variation in early diagnosis and management of breast cancer. We used data from a representative sample of 4820 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between January 1, 2003 and December ...

Lip cancer is second only to skin cancer in terms of frequency in the head and neck region. Surgery is the treatment of choice for most of these cancers. Although there are several strategies to reconstruct lip tumours after tumour ablation, scarce attention has been paid to the impact of ...

Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) can be considered a reasonable and secure treatment for transsexualism, today. Because the population of patients who have received SRS is growing steadily, it can be expected that the number of patients who present with diseases specific to their original gender will increase as well. In ...

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of clinical and oncological safety of the modified fronto-lateral laryngectomy in the treatment of T1a-b glottic cancer. METHODS: Retrospective review of charts of patients managed with classical fronto-lateral laryngectomy or with our modified technique using a cervical fascia flap and a false cord flap to reconstruct the defect. ...

CO(2) laser has become a common surgical technique in the management of glottic cancer. The patients treated with this modality may benefit from additional phonosurgical techniques used to improve postoperative vocal outcome.The aim of this article was to review those phonosurgical techniques described for glottic reconstruction after CO(2) laser excision ...

BACKGROUND: Our goal was to determine the impact of reconstructive microsurgery on the treatment of advanced oral cavity cancers. METHODS: We reviewed 484 patients undergoing resection of T3-4 oral cavity squamous cell cancers from 1980 to 2004. To examine how reconstructive microsurgery affects outcomes, we compared 135 patients treated prior ...

Given the increased prevalence of bariatric surgery, a certain number of women will develop breast cancer before or after bariatric intervention. Whether bariatric surgery reduces the risk of breast cancer remains uncertain. Similarly, reconstructive options for these patients and timing of reconstruction relative to their weight loss have not been ...

A 34-year-old woman carrying a BRCA1 gene and a significant family history was diagnosed with T1c, N1 breast cancer. The tumor was estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER-2/Neu negative. The patient received dose-dense chemotherapy with Adriamycin and Cytoxan followed by Taxol, and left breast irradiation. Later, a bilateral S-GAP flap ...

OBJECTIVE: Reconstructive surgery in which a free flap is used following extended resection for head and neck cancer has been popular for more than a quarter of a century. However, postoperative total flap necrosis has not been completely resolved, and few studies have analyzed the specific risk factors for this ...

A distinct increase in skin cancer incidences is observed since the registration started in Norway in the 1950s. As UV radiation is assumed to be the main risk factor for skin cancer, hourly values of the UV irradiance were reconstructed for the period 1957-2005 for 17 of the Norwegian counties ...

Oral cancers in association with trismus are commonly seen in clinical practice. Such a situation deserves special attention as it may complicate the tumour-ablative surgery and interfere with postoperative cancer surveillance. It follows that the simultaneous tackling of oral cancer and trismus should be pursued at any rate. In this ...

BACKGROUND: An increasing trend in the use of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) for the treatment of unilateral breast cancer has been observed nationally. The purpose of this study was to confirm this trend and to identify differences between the groups that chose unilateral mastectomy alone or with CPM. METHODS: A ...

BACKGROUND: Outcomes after cancer resections have been shown to be better for high-volume surgeons compared with low-volume surgeons; however, reasons for this relationship have been difficult to identify. The objective of this study was to assess studies examining the effect of surgeon training and experience on outcomes in surgical oncology. ...

Skin cancer arising in the head and neck is a common occurrence. Although the vast majority of these cancers can be treated with simple excision and local reconstruction there is a subset of patients who have massive tumors that require composite tissue resection. These patients are best reconstructed with free ...

Tracheal resection for invasive thyroid cancer is well described. Segmental tracheal or cricotracheal resection and reconstruction is an uncommon but established method in the treatment of invasive thyroid cancer. This has seldom been reported in a recurrence following external beam radiotherapy. Radiotherapy compromises healing and predisposes tracheal reconstruction to dehiscence. ...

BACKGROUND: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is widely employed in the removal of skin cancer. As this technique becomes more widely employed, it is useful to establish the patterns of care provided by American College of Mohs Surgery (ACMS)-approved fellowship directors. OBJECTIVE: To compile and analyze data collected annually by the ...

BACKGROUND: Head and neck oncologists are often confronted with the difficult challenge of balancing cancer cure with the preservation of function when deciding the patient's best treatment protocol. This task is especially difficult in cancer of the base of tongue. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the beavertail ...

The use of preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (bMRI) for patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer has been criticized for increasing the number of therapeutic mastectomies performed, as well as increasing the cost of treatment. The purpose of this report is to examine one surgeon's practice and to describe the ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the oncological safety of breast conserving surgery (BCS) for patients with multifocal breast cancer. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Few studies have reported about BCS for multifocal breast cancer. BCS for multifocal cancer has a risk of local failure in previous reports, whereas ...

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis for North American and Western European women. Increased knowledge in availability of genetic testing has helped to identify those women at high risk of eventually developing breast cancer. This has resulted in more women considering bilateral prophylactic mastectomy as a viable preventative ...

We performed a right upper lobectomy with prosthetic replacement of the superior vena cava (SVC) through a posterolateral thoracotomy in a 65-year-old man undergoing complete resection of a locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with invasion of the SVC. Instead of using a vascular shunt, the right atrium and a right ...

This paper examines the "spillover effects" of state laws that mandate inpatient coverage for breast cancer surgery. It looks at outpatient utilization of two types of breast cancer surgery among Medicare fee-for-service patients, who are exempt from state regulation. Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registries ...

Bias in referral patterns and variations in multi-disciplinary management may impact breast conservation therapy (BCT) rates between hospitals. Retrospective studies of BCT rates are limited by their inability to differentiate indicated mastectomies versus those chosen by the patient. Our prospective breast cancer data base was queried for patients with invasive ...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze therapeutic results of video-assisted breast-conserving surgery (VA-BCS) for early stage breast cancer. BACKGROUND: VA-BCS for breast cancer has been developed in Japan, and is indicated for breast cancer unaccompanied by skin involvement. The surgical incision is made at an inconspicuous site, followed by skin-sparing partial mastectomy (SSPM) ...

In breast conserving surgery the margins of the specimen have to be tumor free. There is no universal agreement on the width of the tumor free margin. The width has some impact on recurrence rate, and at least 5 mm seems to be preferred and this is especially important in ...

The duration of suction drainage in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery is difficult to predict. The uncertainty this poses may complicate the development of a clinical pathway for patients with breast cancer. In this study we attempted to identify factors that may influence the duration of suction drainage in patients ...

BACKGROUND: Whereas specimen radiography (SR) is an established strategy for intraoperative resection margin analysis during breast-conserving surgery for nonpalpable lesions, the use of frozen section analysis (FSA) is still a matter of debate. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of 115 consecutive operations in which the two objectives sought were ...

Preservation of the breast skin envelope in skin-sparing mastectomy is the key component for superior aesthetic results. Breast mound disproportions in primary breast reconstruction caused by a mismatch between retained skin envelope and donor-tissue volume provokes breast shape asymmetries. A skin-sparing mastectomy using a vertical pattern can address these breast ...

Salvage surgery of recurrent or persistent anal cancer following radiotherapy is often followed by perineal wound complications. We examined survival and perineal wound complications in anal cancer salvage surgery during a 10-year period with primary perineal reconstruction predominantly performed using vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap. Between 1997 and 2006, ...

BACKGROUND: Histologically positive margins are generally considered unacceptable with breast conserving therapy (BCT) given the increased risk of local recurrence (LR). What constitutes an adequate negative margin remains controversial. Margin status was explored as a predictor of LR post-BCT. METHODS: Manitoba women with loco-regional progression and/or mastectomy >6 months following ...

OBJECTIVES: To describe our experience with patients who underwent the nipple-sparing mastectomy procedure developed and standardized at our institution and to report clinical outcomes for those patients with a breast cancer diagnosis. DESIGN: Prospective study for consecutive nipple-sparing mastectomy procedures. SETTING: Multidisciplinary breast center at a large tertiary care facility. ...

Four studies investigated whether activating a social identity can lead group members to choose options that are labeled in words associated with that identity. When political identities were made salient, Republicans (but not Democrats) became more likely to choose the gamble or investment option labeled "conservative." This shift did not ...

In the attempt to optimise the balance between the risk of local recurrence and the cosmetic outcomes in breast surgery, new surgical procedures, so-called oncoplastic techniques, have been introduced in recent years. The term oncoplastic surgery refers to surgery on the basis of oncological principles during which the techniques of ...

Breast reconstruction using implants remains an aesthetic challenge toward achieving symmetry and natural appearance. Closing the areolar defect results in a vertically elevated breast mound. The use of human acellular dermal tissue matrix has been reported to provide coverage and durability over breast implants while allowing for improved shape of ...

BACKGROUND: The endoscopic surgery for inner-side cancer of the breast is usually performed by periareolar approach, but it often makes deformation or malposition of nipple and areola. The trans-axillary approach is favorable without making any injuries on breast skin. Furthermore, we devised a new approach of retro-mammary route without subcutaneous ...

BACKGROUND: Retrospective studies have shown that occult nipple-areolar complex (NAC) involvement in breast cancer is low, occurring in 6-10% of women undergoing skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM). The cosmetic result and high patient satisfaction of nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) has prompted further evaluation of the oncologic safety of this procedure. METHODS: We conducted ...