CONTEXT: Many studies have reported associations of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) with prostate cancer development, but none have investigated their association with fatal progression of prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE: We investigated associations of circulating IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 with all-cause and prostate cancer mortality in men ...

BACKGROUND: The clinical relevance of low IGF-I levels, caused by cranial radiotherapy, in adult childhood cancer survivors has not been studied extensively. We evaluated whether IGF-I is a useful marker for altered body composition and growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in this group. PROCEDURE: We analyzed retrospective data from 610 adult ...

US Preventive Services Task Force recommends against routine screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) in adults above 75 years of age. Considerations to support screening in an individual patient are not clearly described. There is limited data to support recommendations in African American (AA) and Hispanics population. We reviewed records of 568 ...

Seeking to improve ovarian cancer therapy, we compared biological characteristics of the moderately-aggressive OVCAR-3 cell line with two highly aggressive ovarian cancer cell populations: the SK-OV-3 cell line, and HASCJ primary cells isolated from the ascitic fluid of a patient with FIGO stage IV ovarian cancer. Secretion of angiogenic factors ...

Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) has been studied extensively in prostate cancer, but there is still little information about IGFs and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in cancers detected by the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. Here we report the findings of a United Kingdom-based case-control study to investigate circulating IGFs and ...

Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. Systemic chemotherapy remains the major treatment option, but with severe adverse effects. Combinations of systemic with targeted treatments may provide effective therapeutics. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate if insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) might serve as ...

Background: Cancer patients frequently suffer from weight loss and systemic inflammation in the context of advanced disease, which is related to adverse outcome. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is an anabolic molecule implicated in the maintenance of muscle mass and cancer growth. We investigated potential correlations of IGF-I with an inflammatory ...

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis mediates growth, differentiation and developmental processes, and is also involved in control of metabolic activities. Deregulation of IGF axis expression and action is linked to a number of pathologies, ranging from metabolic disorders to growth deficits and cancer development. Activation of the IGF signaling ...

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family and the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) play an important role in cancer. This intricate and complex signaling pathway provides many opportunities for therapeutic intervention, and several novel therapeutics aimed at the IGF-1R, particularly monoclonal antibodies and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, are under clinical investigation. ...

High levels of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been associated with increased risk of several cancers. Regarding colorectal cancer, these associations are generally weak. We hypothesized that an increase in IGF-1 over time would be a stronger risk factor for cancer-related outcomes than the actual levels. In this analysis ...

We have recently discovered that the insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR) is up-regulated in human invasive bladder cancer and promotes migration and invasion of transformed urothelial cells. The proteoglycan decorin, a key component of the tumor stroma, can positively regulate the IGF-IR system in normal cells. However, there are ...

OBJECTIVE: Several studies showed that high serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) correlate with an increased risk for prostate cancer, although the causal role of IGF-I remains to be established. In this study, we addressed the role of IGF-I as a serum factor on the growth of two androgen-independent ...

The risk of colorectal cancer is increased in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis. Traditional surveillance has centered around regular standard white-light colonoscopy, with multiple biopsies aimed at detecting dysplasia or the identification of early cancer. This has resulted in only a modest reduction in cancer incidence and mortality. A better ...

Introduction: There are clear preclinical data that support the involvement of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway in oncogenesis and cancer progression. Such evidence has led to the design and conduct of drug development programs targeting the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) over the past 10 years. Areas covered: This review ...

The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) and its ligands (IGF1 and IGF2) have been implicated in a variety of physiological processes and in diseases such as cancer. In addition to IGF1R, IGF2 also activates the insulin receptor (IR) isoform A and therefore antibodies against IGF2 can inhibit cell ...

Epidemiologic evidence points to obesity as a major risk factor for many cancers, including cancers of the breast, endometrium, colorectum, kidney, esophagus, and pancreas. Whether intentional weight loss might reduce this excess risk is not yet proven. We searched the medical literature for studies reporting changes in cancer risk following ...

The widespread epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes has raised concern for the impact of these disorders as risk factors for cancer and has renewed the interest for studies regarding the involvement of hyperinsulinemia and insulin receptor (IR) in cancer progression. Overexpression of IR in cancer cells may explain ...

BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, no reports have evaluated the effects of genetic polymorphisms of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on clinical outcomes of gastric cancer patients. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the impact of IGF-I polymorphisms on recurrence-free survival (RFS) in 430 patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative gastrectomy between 2001 ...

The investigated data indicated that inorganic arsenic in drinking water is associated with increased mortality from different types of cancers. In the present study, biological samples (blood and scalp hair) of male subjects having lung and bladder cancers and non-cancerous subjects belonging to arsenic (As)-exposed area of southern parts of ...

BACKGROUND: Heavy alcohol drinking has been related to pancreatic cancer, but the issue is still unsolved. METHODS: To evaluate the role of alcohol consumption in relation to pancreatic cancer, we conducted a pooled analysis of 10 case-control studies (5585 cases and 11 827 controls) participating in the International Pancreatic Cancer ...

Immunochemical fecal occult blood test (FIT) is a new colorectal cancer (CRC) screening method already recommended by the American screening guidelines. We aimed to test the feasibility of FIT as compared to guaiac fecal occult blood test (G-FOBT) in a large urban population of Tel Aviv. Average-risk persons, aged 50-75 ...

Aim  The NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme is currently being introduced following three rounds of pilot screening. The study outlines the important characteristics of polyps detected by pilot screening and compares the location of polyps with those of symptomatic cancers to challenge the circumstantial evidence for the adenoma carcinoma pathway. ...

Insulin Like Growth Factor (IGF I) as the one of the strongest growth factors which can affect cancers development including colorectal cancer. IGF I induces processes of the cells growth and division. It regulates cells cycle and inhibits apoptosis. There is limited data about correlation between IGF I and staging ...

To investigate the relationship between salt intake and salty taste and risk of gastric cancer. A 1:2 matched hospital based case-control study including 300 patients with gastric cancer and 600 cancer-free subjects as controls. Subjects were interviewed with a structured questionnaire containing 80 items, which elicited information on dietary, lifestyle ...

Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is an integrative medicine mind-body practice with a physical activity component that has positive effects on aerobic capacity, muscular strength, and quality of life among cancer survivors, similar to the effects elicited by other modes of moderate-intensity exercise. Inflammatory cytokines and insulin and insulin-related signaling molecules ...

Comparability of cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening strategies is limited if heterogeneous study data are combined. We analyzed prospective empirical data from a randomized-controlled trial to compare cost-effectiveness of screening with either one round of immunochemical fecal occult blood testing (I-FOBT; OC-Sensor®), one round of guaiac FOBT (G-FOBT; Hemoccult-II®) ...

Interleukin-23 (IL-23) / IL-23 receptor (IL23-R) is essential for Th17 cell-mediated immune response, involved in autoimmune diseases and cancer pathogenesis. Two potentially functional genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (IL-23R rs6682925 T>C and rs1884444 T>G) were found to contribute to cancer susceptibility. In this study, we conducted a case-control study including ...

The investigated data shows that arsenic (As) in drinking water is associated with increased mortality from different types of cancers including liver cancer. In this study, blood and scalp hair samples of male liver cancer patients and healthy referents belonging to As exposed areas of Sindh Pakistan were analyzed for ...

Although alcohol drinking is considered as an important risk factor for esophageal cancer, the magnitude of the association might be varied among geographic areas. Therefore, we reviewed epidemiologic studies on the association between alcohol drinking and esophageal cancer among the Japanese population. Original data were obtained from MEDLINE, searched using ...

An international panel of experts characterized the evidence linking alcoholic beverage consumption to pancreatic cancer as limited. Primary concerns include inconsistent results from underpowered studies, residual confounding by smoking, and the question of whether the association varies by type of alcoholic beverage. The association of alcohol intake with pancreatic cancer ...

Many in-vitro and animal studies have provided evidence that tea has many possible anticarcinogenic mechanisms, but epidemiological evidence for the effect of tea consumption on the primary liver cancer risk remains controversial and, to date, there have been no quantitative meta-analyses reported regarding this topic. The aim of this meta-analysis ...

Tumor protein p53 (TP53) is the best-known tumor suppressor gene and plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis. The TP53 Arg 72 Pro polymorphism has been reported to be a risk factor for several types of cancer, but its association with pancreatic cancer has not been fully evaluated. Therefore, we investigated ...

To quantitatively assess the relationship between coffee consumption and incidence of pancreatic cancer in a meta-analysis of cohort studies. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded and bibliographies of retrieved articles. Studies were included if they reported relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% CIs of pancreatic cancer with respect ...

Given the low compliance with screening colonoscopy in countries with a national colorectal cancer screening program, noninvasive methods with an acceptable high rate of sensitivity and specificity are welcome to enlarge the array of screening tools. Colon capsule endoscopy seems to be a safe and effective method of visualizing the ...

BACKGROUND: Information on the relation between acrylamide exposure and risk of pancreatic cancer is scanty and inconsistent. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated the issue in a case-control study conducted from 1991 to 2008 in Northern Italy. Cases were 326 patients with incident pancreatic cancer, admitted to major teaching and general ...

Chlorination for drinking water forms various disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Some DBPs are probably linked to human cancer (e.g., bladder, colorectal cancers) and other chronic and sub-chronic effects. This emphasizes the need to understand and characterize DBPs in drinking water and possible risks to human health. In this study, occurrences of ...

BACKGROUND: Oral hygiene is attracting increasing attention as a potential risk factor for cancers. To investigate the association between toothbrushing frequency and upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer, the authors conducted a large-scale case-control study. METHODS: A total of 856 UADT cancer case participants and 2696 age- and sex-matched control subjects ...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease with both environmental and genetic factors contributing to its development. The incidence of CRC is increasing year by year in Japan. Patients with CRC in advanced stages have a poor prognosis, but detection of CRC at earlier stages can improve clinical outcome. Therefore, ...

The diagnosis of cancer can motivate survivors to alter their lifestyle habits. Healthcare providers need to be aware of what changes patients are likely to make in order to derive more pertinent recommendations; however, few studies have reported pre- and post-diagnostic lifestyle behaviours. Semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) completed approximately ...

The possible association between the risk of kidney cancer development and the levels of calcium and magnesium in drinking water from municipal supplies was investigated in a matched cancer case-control study in Taiwan. All eligible kidney cancer deaths (1778 cases) of Taiwan residents from 1999 through 2008 were compared with ...

Aim: To investigate effects of green tea drinking and its temperature on esophageal cancer development. Methods: A 1:2 matched hospital-based case-control study including 150 cases and 300 controls was conducted in southern area of China from June 2004 to May 2010. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect information on ...

Data sourcesPooled individual-level data from nine case-control studies of head and neck cancers, including 5,139 cases and 9,028 controls.Study selectionNine case-control studies were selected from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium pool of 33 studies, which included information on coffee (caffeinated and decaffeinated) and tea drinking and ...

Colorectal cancer screening and prevention is a pivotal element in every gastroenterologist practice. Recent advances in imaging technology and treatment opened the field for endoscopic management of large flat colorectal polyps and early cancer. High-definition white light colonoscopy allowed for better characterization of colon polyps, particularly flat lesions. Chromoendoscopy facilitated ...

In Europe, colorectal cancer is the most common newly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of cancer deaths, accounting for approximately 436,000 incident cases and 212,000 deaths in 2008. The potential of high-quality screening to improve control of the disease has been recognized by the Council of the ...

Multidisciplinary, evidence-based European Guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis have recently been developed by experts in a pan-European project coordinated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The full guideline document includes a chapter on pathology with pan-European recommendations which take into account the diversity ...

Coffee consumption has been shown to be associated with cancer of various sites in epidemiological studies. However, there is no comprehensive overview of the substantial body of epidemiologic evidence. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded and bibliographies of retrieved articles. Prospective cohort studies were included if they reported ...

I will refer in this paper to difficulties in research in environmental causes of cancer using as examples research on dioxins and on drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) that have created considerable controversy in the scientific and wider community. Dioxins are highly toxic chemicals that are animal carcinogens. For many ...

The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the relationship between nitrate levels in public water supplies and risk of death from brain cancer and (2) determine whether calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) levels in drinking water might modify the influence of nitrates on development of brain cancer. A ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the detection of colonic neoplasia in an average-risk population of SOT recipients. Studies regarding colonic neoplasia in solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients have demonstrated mixed results due to the inclusion of above average-risk patients. We performed a case-control study of 102 average-risk ...

Colonoscopy is the best imaging device currently available for the detection of lesions in the large bowel, but may be an imperfect tool against colon cancer. Because recent guidelines for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance depend on whether polyps are found on colonoscopy and on their size, the need to ...