Purpose: The eye is often the unit of measurement for outcomes, and frequently also for covariates, in vision research, and measurements in the two eyes of the same person are often strongly but far from perfectly correlated. Advances have occurred in the development and accessibility of analytic approaches to evaluate ...

Purpose: To evaluate corneal biomechanical properties and intraocular pressure (IOP) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with or without mitomycin-C (MMC) 0.02% in myopic eyes. Methods: In this prospective, comparative interventional case series, 33 right eyes of 33 patients were included. Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann-correlated IOP (IOPg), and ...

Introduction: Ocular problems as refractive errors, strabismus, accommodation, and cataract are well known in children with Down syndrome (DS). However, there is little information on the possible correlation of eye problems with systemic diseases such as heart defect (with or without surgery), hypotony, hypothyroidism, hearing loss, and others. Methods: Ophthalmic ...

Previous work has identified that non-linear variables calculated from respiratory data vary between sleep states, and that variables derived from the non-linear analytical tool recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) are accurate infant sleep state discriminators. This study aims to apply these discriminators to automatically classify 30 s epochs of infant sleep as ...

BACKGROUND: The frequency of visual impairment and blindness increases with age and is more prevalent among older adults living in residential care centers. The main aim of this study was to assess the visual status and determine the prevalence and major causes of visual impairment and blindness among the older ...

Background:   To assess intravitreal injection dose and safety of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene delivery of human NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) in rabbit eyes. Methods:  An open reading frame for human ND4 or AAV-green fluorescent protein (GFP) were fused to the mitochondrial targeting sequence and packed into separate ...

Snoring is considered one of the hallmarks of sleep-disordered breathing, but its determinants remain obscure in both obstructive sleep apnoea (apnoeic) and non-apnoeic snorers. We aimed to document positional dependency of snoring along with its association with clinical and polysomnographic variables. Seventy-seven apnoeic and 27 non-apnoeic snorers who complained for ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy, predictability, safety, stability, and complications of the Artiflex toric iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) for myopic astigmatism. SETTING: Private practice surgery centers, Valencia and Terrassa, Spain. DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: At 12 months, refraction, uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, complications, pIOL misalignment, ...

Ocular rigidity (OR) refers to the relationship between pressure and volume changes in the eyeball and is associated with the bio-mechanical behaviour of the eye. Since the description of the differential tonometry method for the calculation of an OR coefficient by Friedenwald, several other methodologies have been proposed to measure ...

Background:   To assess the accuracy of Haigis, Holladay 1, Hoffer Q and SRK/T formulae in eyes with axial length of <22.00mm before and after lens constant adjustment for short eyes. Design:  Retrospective comparative analysis. Participants:   163 eyes of 97 patients undergoing phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Methods:   Ocular ...

PURPOSE: To compare higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and visual function in eyes with a toric intraocular lens (IOL) and eyes with a nontoric IOL. SETTING: Hayashi Eye Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS: Eyes that had phacoemulsification were enrolled in 1 of the following 3 groups: (1) preoperative corneal astigmatism ...

Three patients presented with spontaneous myopic shift 6 weeks to 6 months after implantation of the Artiflex phakic intraocular lens (pIOL). The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was maintained in all cases. Cyclopentolate drops successfully reverted the myopic shift in all cases; however, 2 cases required surgical reenclavation of the ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficiency of automated function imaging (AFI) on transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) for detecting left ventricular (LV) wall motion (LVWM) abnormalities, we compared longitudinal peak systolic strain (LPSS) measurements using AFI with naked eye TTE evaluations by experienced cardiologists and non-experienced residents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of ...

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the intraocular lens (IOL) position by analyzing the postoperative axis of internal astigmatism as well as the higher-order aberration (HOA) profile after cataract surgery following the implantation of a diffractive multifocal toric IOL METHODS: Prospective study including 51 eyes with corneal astigmatism of 1.25D or higher of ...

PURPOSE:To evaluate the long-term risk of progression of keratoconus in eyes implanted with Intacs (Addition Technology Inc) at 5-year follow-up. METHODS:Data of 105 eyes from 85 patients who had undergone consecutive Intacs implantation between January 2001 and December 2005 were studied retrospectively for progression of keratoconus. Progression of keratoconus was ...

PURPOSE:To compare visual, refractive, and clinical outcomes of foldable iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) implantation versus femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK for myopia between -6.00 and -9.00 diopters (D). METHODS:Forty-six myopic patients were randomized to undergo bilateral Artiflex (Ophtec BV) PIOL implantation or bilateral femtosecond laser-assisted conventional LASIK with the VISX S2 ...

PURPOSE:: To determine long-term surgical findings and outcomes after vitrectomy for symptomatic lamellar macular holes. METHODS:: This is a retrospective, consecutive, interventional case series. Sixteen patients (31 eyes) with lamellar macular holes and central visual loss participated in the study. All patients underwent 3-port pars plana vitrectomy with membranectomy and/or ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of iris fixation of subluxated intraocular lenses (IOLs). METHODS: A retrospective study of 44 consecutive cases of subluxated IOLs that underwent iris fixation of the IOL. Demographic information, data regarding surgery, and follow-up were retrieved from patient files. All ...

Using a human corneal cell line (HCE-T cells) and 2 evaluation criteria, we developed a new alternative method to assess the eye irritation potential of chemicals. We exposed HCE-T cells to different concentrations of 38 chemicals for 1h and measured relative cell viability (RCV) as an endpoint at each concentration. ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal scoring method and parameter settings of actigraphy by comparison to simultaneous polysomnography (PSG). METHODS: Fifteen studies of simultaneous PSG and actigraphy were completed in adolescents (mean age = 16.3 years) and analyzed. Scoring actigraphy by the human eye was compared ...

Citation information: Backhouse S, Fox S, Ibrahim B & Phillips JR. Peripheral refraction in myopia corrected with spectacles versus contact lenses. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 0000. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2012.00912.x ABSTRACT: Purpose:  Previous studies suggest that the refractive status of the peripheral retina can influence the development and progression of myopia. Our aim ...

PURPOSE: To perform a longitudinal multivariate analysis of the ability of Moorfields Regression Analysis (MRA) to predict the onset of glaucoma in a population of patients with suspected glaucoma due to appearance of the optic nerve head. DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal evaluation of a diagnostic test. PARTICIPANTS: Single, randomly selected eye ...

PURPOSE: The sleep quality, as assessed by polysomnography (PSG), of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be severely disturbed. The manual analysis of PSGs is time-consuming, and computer systems have been developed to automatically analyze PSGs. Studies on the reliability of automated analyses in healthy subjects show varying ...

PURPOSE:: To determine the incidence and risk factors for delayed-onset intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations after vitrectomy for Stages 4 and 5 retinopathy of prematurity and, in addition, to determine the results of treating the IOP elevations. METHODS:: Fifty-five consecutive eyes with successful retinal reattachment and at least 24 months of ...

PURPOSE:: This study was conducted to compare endothelial cell (EC) loss, visual outcomes, and complications after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in the contralateral eyes of the same patients. METHODS:: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken at the Samsung Medical Center, Seoul Korea. We reviewed the ...

PURPOSE: To determine the normal corneal curvature, power, and eccentricity in an Iranian population and their determinants. METHODS: This report is part of a population-based study conducted in 2009. Of the 5190 participants of the study, Pentacam data from 8532 eyes of 4266 people who met the inclusion criteria for ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivities of intracameral and intravitreal assays in the rabbit model to determine the relative adequacy of these methods in detecting bacterial endotoxin contamination of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs). DESIGN: Experimental, randomized animal study. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty New Zealand white rabbits. METHODS: Rabbits were randomized into 4 groups ...

OBJECTIVE:To characterize saccadic eye movements, as a marker of decision-making processes, in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). METHODS:Saccadometry was performed on a cross-section of patients with FTD, using a portable saccadometer, and results compared to matched control subjects. We used the Linear Approach to Threshold with Ergodic Rate model to generate measures ...

Purpose: To investigate anterior chamber parameters and biometric factors associated with degree of angle opening after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) for narrow angles. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, patients with narrow angles who were scheduled for LPI were recruited. Anterior chamber parameters by anterior segment coherence tomography (ASOCT) under ...

PURPOSE: To report the outcomes of a high-volume, multi-surgeon, multicentre LASIK corporation between 1998 and 2001. METHODS: 46 708 eyes of 24 138 consecutive patients with myopic astigmatism had undergone LASIK using the Bausch & Lomb Technolas 217C excimer laser and Hansatome microkeratome. The study included 38 surgeons operating at 11 surgical ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Consideration of angle kappa is important for correct centration of refractive treatments. Decentered refractive treatment can cause photic phenomena including glare, halo, and deterioration of vision. This review highlights the concept of angle kappa, its measurement and distribution in normal populations, and the methods to compensate for ...

BACKGROUND: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained with dynamic contour tonometer (DCT) and Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), and to investigate their relationship to central corneal thickness (CCT) in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) eyes. METHODS: Thirty-one eyes of 31 PCG patients (25.7 ± 7.2 years old) were examined. PCG was defined as elevated ...

Uncorrected refractive error plays a significant role in poor vision and blindness, and its correction is the most cost-effective intervention in eye care. In this study, we report the status of the unmet refractive need and the role of economic inequality in determining the level of this need in Shahroud, ...

PURPOSE:: To compare spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT)-measured macular thickness, outer retinal layers architecture, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy after pars plana vitrectomy. METHODS:: In this retrospective case study, consecutive eyes operated by single surgeon were included. Retinal thickness was measured with SDOCT ...

PURPOSE.: To compare ocular biometry [anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), vitreous chamber depth (VCD), and axial length (AL)] using A-scan ultrasonography and optical low-coherence interferometry (OLCI) in the chicken eye. METHODS.: Two-week-old chicks (n = 42) were measured. Bland-Altman plots and repeatability and correlation analyses were calculated for ...

PURPOSE.: To determine the efficacy of toric orthokeratology (ortho-k) in correcting myopia and astigmatism in myopic children with moderate to high astigmatism. METHODS.: Asymptomatic subjects aged 6 to 12 years with myopia of 0.50 to 5.00 D and astigmatism of 1.25 to 3.50 D of axes 180 ± 20° were ...

Background: We sought to determine whether corneal biomechanical parameters are predictive of reduction in axial length after anti-metabolite trabeculectomy. Methods: Chinese subjects undergoing trabeculectomy with mitomycin C by a single experienced surgeon underwent the following measurements: Corneal hysteresis (CH, Ocular Response Analyzer, Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments), Goldmann intra-ocular pressure (IOP), central ...

Citation information: Jinabhai A, Charman WN, O'Donnell C & Radhakrishnan H. Optical quality for keratoconic eyes with conventional RGP lens and simulated, customised contact lens corrections: a comparison. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2012, 32, 200-212. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2012.00904.x ABSTRACT: Purpose:  To compare monochromatic aberrations of keratoconic eyes when uncorrected, corrected with spherically-powered ...

Citation information: Lei F, Burns SA, Shao L & Yang Y. Retinal measurements using time domain OCT imaging before and after myopic Lasik. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2012, 32, 222-227. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2012.00905.x ABSTRACT: Purpose:  To compare retinal measurements obtained by time domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices before and after myopic ...

Citation information: Roessler GF, Dietlein TS, Plange N, Roepke A-K, Dinslage S, Walter P, Mazinani BAE. Accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation using partial coherence interferometry in patients with high myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2012, 32, 228-233. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2012.00903.x ABSTRACT: Purpose:  Ultrasound-A-scan-biometry intraocular lens power calculation for cataract surgery sometimes ...

We describe modifications to previously described techniques for evacuation of Soemmerring ring during secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in aphakic eyes following previous pediatric cataract surgery. A new anterior capsulotomy is initiated using a cystotome to incise the anterior capsule close to its attachment to the posterior capsule. A curved ...

To evaluate visual quality differences between intraocular lenses (IOLs) in patients with previous myopic laser ablations and assess the impact of IOL decentration and tilt on visual quality. University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain. Cohort study. An adaptive optics visual simulator was used to simulate the wavefront aberration pattern of 1 ...

To assess adding straylight measurements to the indication for cataract surgery. Onze Lieve Vrouwe Hospital, Amsterdam, and Zonnestraal Eye Clinic, Hilversum, The Netherlands. Prospective interventional cohort study. Before and after cataract extraction, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and straylight were recorded in all patients. Subjective complaints were documented by the ...

To report the intraoperative performance and postoperative outcomes in eyes with anterior persistent fetal vasculature (PFV). Iladevi Cataract & IOL Research Centre, India, and Filatov Institute Odessa, Ukraine. Prospective interventional case series. Eyes with anterior PFV had surgery using a standardized surgical technique. Plaque peeling was used for small plaques ...

PURPOSE: To analyze the outcome (functional and anatomic) of eyes that underwent tenonplasty as the primary globe-saving procedure in severe ocular chemical injuries (grade V-VI Dua's classification). METHODS: The records of patients who underwent tenonplasty for associated scleral ischemia in severe chemical burns in our institute between October 2005 and ...

Purpose:To evaluate operator radiation exposure during percutaneous interventions on hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous grafts (AVGs).Materials and Methods:Seventy-seven procedures were performed in 57 patients while the interventional radiologist wore two ring dosimeters, two thermoluminescent dosimeters at the lower legs, and a thermoluminescent dosimeter on the forehead. Dose-area product, fluoroscopy ...

Purpose: To evaluate reliability of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) (RTVue), time-domain OCT (Visante), and slit-lamp adapted ultrasonic pachymetry (SL-US) in the measurement of central corneal thickness (CCT). Materials and Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers visited our clinic 3 times and fifty eyes were measured by one physician. RTVue and Visante ...

Introduction.  Given that recurrent sexual interest in prepubescent children is one of the strongest single predictors for pedosexual offense recidivism, valid and reliable diagnosis of pedophilia is of particular importance. Nevertheless, current assessment methods still fail to fulfill psychometric quality criteria. Aims.  The aim of the study was to evaluate ...

AIM: To determine the validity and reliability of the measurement of corneal curvature and non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) measures using the Oculus Keratograph. METHOD: One hundred eyes of 100 patients had their corneal curvature assessed with the Keratograph and the Nidek ARKT TonorefII. NITBUT was then measured objectively with ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of using different algorithms on the output from an Actical accelerometer, a device normally used to measure physical activity, to distinguish sleep from wake states. METHODS: Thirty-one infants aged 10-22weeks wore the accelerometer on the shin for a daytime nap recording in tandem with polysomnography. ...