Poor sleep quality and orthostatic hypotension are common complaints in an older population, and both are related to factors such as polypharmacy and depression. However, it is not known whether there is a direct association between the two. Our objective is to investigate a potential association between orthostatic blood pressure ...

OBJECTIVE: Sleep problems in humans have been reported to impact seriously on daily function and to have a close association with well-being. To examine the effects of individual sleep problems on physical and mental health, we conducted a nationwide epidemiological survey and examined the associations between sleep problems and perceived ...

BACKGROUND: The pathways to increased cardiovascular risk in bipolar disorder include health behaviors, psychosocial stress and long-term medication exposure. However, the evidence that the association between cardiovascular risk factors and bipolar disorder remains significant after controlling for these co-factors suggests that additional important risk factors have yet to be identified. ...

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by the presence of disordered breathing events that occur during sleep, as well as symptoms such as sleepiness and snoring. OSAS is associated with a number of adverse health consequences, and a growing literature focuses on its cognitive correlates. Although research in this ...

Alterations in corneal innervations result in impaired corneal sensation, severe dry eye and damage to the epithelium that may in turn lead to corneal ulcers, melting and perforation. These alterations can occur after refractive surgery. We have discovered that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA or the docosanoid ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of sutureless, manual small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) in rural sub-Saharan Africa using standard intraocular lenses (IOLs). In order to assess the quality of surgery, we prospectively evaluated the visual outcomes of 1455 consecutive cataract operations performed in 2006 in patients ...

BACKGROUND: Sleep is critical for optimal cognitive function, but as we age both cognitive impairment and sleep problems increase. Longitudinal, population-based studies can be used to investigate temporal relationships between sleep and cognition. METHODS: A total of 2012 cognitively unimpaired individuals 65years and over were drawn from the MRC Cognitive ...

PURPOSE: To use longitudinal quantitative morphologic and visual acuity (VA) data to investigate the risk of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) event occurrence in eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). DESIGN: Prospective observational study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 513 participants (844 eyes) followed longitudinally in one center enrolled in the Age-Related ...

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to compare the sleep macroarchitecture of children and adolescents whose mothers have a history of depression with children and adolescents whose mothers do not. METHOD: Polysomnography (PSG) and Holter electroencephalogram (EEG) were used to compare the sleep architecture of 35 children whose ...

Sleep problems associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been well documented, but less is known about the effects of sleep problems on day-time cognitive and adaptive performance in this population. Children diagnosed with autism or pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) (N=335) from 1 to 10 years of age ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine sleep problems and fatigue and their associations with cognitive performance in Chinese kindergarten children. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from Jintan Child Cohort Study was conducted, which includes a cohort of 1656 kindergarten children in Jintan City, Jiangsu Province, China. The sample used in ...

Purpose: To determine if glaucoma and/or age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are associated with disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).Methods: Glaucoma subjects (n=84) with bilateral visual field (VF) loss and AMD subjects (n=47) with bilateral, or severe unilateral visual acuity (VA) loss were compared to 60 subjects with normal ...

Poor sleep is known to impact on health and wellbeing in later life and has implications for the ability of older people to remain active during the day. Medical treatments for chronic poor sleep have primarily included the regular, long-term prescribing of hypnotics, which are known to impact on older ...

In people with intellectual disability (ID), impaired sleep is common. Life expectancy has increased in this group, and it is known that in general population sleep deteriorates with aging. Therefore the aims of this systematic review were to examine how sleep problems are defined in research among adults and older ...

PURPOSE: To examine predictive factors for visual acuity in highly myopic eyes. METHODS: Consecutive patients with high myopia (≥6 diopters [D]) with no other pathology such as lacquer cracks in the fovea, choroidal neovascularization, or myopic macular schisis, were evaluated. The study was performed in 2 retina centers, one in ...

This review identifies a number of exciting new developments in the understanding of vision in cartilaginous fishes that have been made since the turn of the century. These include the results of studies on various aspects of the visual system including eye size, visual fields, eye design and the optical ...

The aims of this study were to (a) assess and compare sleep disturbances (including daytime and nighttime sleep patterns) in adolescents with depressive disorders and healthy peers, (b) examine the prevalence of pain in adolescents with depressive disorders and healthy peers, and (c) examine pubertal development, pain intensity, and depressive ...

OBJECTIVE: The few population-based, prospective studies that have examined risk factors of incident insomnia were limited by small sample size, short follow-up, and lack of data on medical disorders or polysomnography. We prospectively examined the associations between demographics, behavioral factors, psychiatric and medical disorders, and polysomnography with incident chronic insomnia. ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) on forward-scatter of light and subjective visual symptoms and to identify LPI parameters influencing these phenomena. DESIGN: Cohort study derived from a randomized trial, using an external control group. PARTICIPANTS: Chinese subjects initially aged 50 or older and 70 years ...

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are commonly associated with the primary diagnostic criteria for many psychiatric disorders. Evidence suggests sleep disturbances may precede development of psychiatric disorders and the severity of psychopathology reflects the severity of sleep problems. Polysomnography (PSG) sleep studies in child and adolescent psychiatric populations, a particularly at risk ...

To project the clinical impact of routine glaucoma screening on visual outcomes in middle-aged African American individuals and help guide glaucoma screening policy. Using data from the Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group and Baltimore Eye Study, we developed a microsimulation model to project visual outcomes in African American individuals screened ...

OBJECTIVES:: To investigate the feasibility of implementing a Sleep Education Program (SEP) for improving sleep in adult family home (AFH) residents with dementia, and the relative efficacy of SEP compared with usual care control in a pilot randomized controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS:: Thirty-seven AFH staff-caregivers and 47 residents with comorbid dementia ...

Previous findings suggest that personality traits and dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions may perpetuate insomnia, but findings concerning this have been scarce. Thus, we hypothesized that personality and sleep related cognitions influence the severity of insomnia, and investigated the association personality and sleep related cognitions had with various sleep-related parameters, including severity ...

The purpose of this review is to highlight existing literature on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatments of stroke sleep disorders. Stroke sleep disorders are associated with many intermediary vascular risk factors leading to stroke, but they may also influence these risk factors through direct or indirect mechanisms. Sleep disturbances may ...

There is a common belief that children are not getting enough sleep and that children's total sleep time has been declining. Over the century, many authors have proposed sleep recommendations. The aim of this study was to describe historical trends in recommended and actual sleep durations for children and adolescents, ...

Purpose: To describe the association between retinal vessel caliber and risk factors for branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Materials and Methods: We included 10,890 participants who underwent a health checkup at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital between January 2006 and December 2006. BRVO was diagnosed from retinal photographs taken for both eyes. ...

Background:  To estimate the incidence and causes of visual impairment and blindness among indigenous Australians living in central Australia. Design:  Clinic-based cohort study. Participants:  1,884 individuals aged ≥ 20 years living in one of 30 remote communities within the statistical local area of 'Central Australia'. Methods:  From those initially recruited, ...

This U.S.A.-based study examined the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sleep, as well as the role of sleep, in the association of stress with depression, fatigue, and health-related quality of life (H-QOL) among mothers with a low-birth-weight, preterm infant in the neonatal intensive care unit at early postpartum. Fifty-five first-time ...

We describe the microscopic findings of a clinically unsuspected retinal hemangioblastoma in an eye removed for pain and blindness. Although the patient was otherwise in good health, further investigation revealed von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Retinal hemangioblastomas are small benign tumors than can be easily overlooked in histological examination of an ...

To examine the association among nighttime sleep and daytime napping behaviors, depressive symptoms, and perception of fatigue in pregnant women. A prospective descriptive study with within-subject design. A university-affiliated hospital and participants' home environments. Thirty-eight third trimester nulliparous women completed sleep and depressive symptom questionnaires, wore a wrist actigraphy monitor ...

Individuals who have Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience adverse effects relating to driving; additionally, they experience deficits in scanning ability. The present study examined the effects of ADHD on eye tracking while driving. This study consisted of ten participants, of which, five have ADHD. It was hypothesized that individuals who ...

This study examined changes in sleep parameters between the laboratory and the home setting before and after laboratory monitoring in depressed insomniacs undergoing treatment. This study was a post hoc analysis of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial performed with 60 depressed, insomniac outpatients. Patients underwent actigraphic monitoring along with ...

A giant retinal tear is a full-thickness retinal break that extends circumferentially around the retina for 90 degrees or more in the presence of a posteriorly detached vitreous. It causes significant visual morbidity from retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy. The fellow eye of patients who have had a spontaneous giant ...

Asymptomatic retinal breaks and lattice degeneration are visible lesions that are risk factors for later retinal detachment. Retinal detachments occur when fluid in the vitreous cavity passes through tears or holes in the retina and separates the retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. Creation of an adhesion surrounding retinal ...

To investigate the association between the behaviorally induced insufficient sleep and suicidality among adolescents. A population-based, cross-sectional survey. General community. A sample of 8,530 students (grades 7-11) was recruited in the Republic of Korea. The participants were 8,010 students who completed all questionnaires. N/A. The survey included the Beck Scale ...

Objective. To examine the effects of yoga versus an educational film program on sleep, mood, perceived stress, and sympathetic activation in older women with RLS. Methods. Participants were drawn from a larger trial regarding the effects of yoga on cardiovascular disease risk profiles in overweight, sedentary postmenopausal women. Seventy-five women ...

Loss of visual acuity caused by abnormal visual experience during development (amblyopia) is an untreatable pathology in adults. In some occasions, amblyopic patients loose vision in their better eye owing to accidents or illnesses. While this condition is relevant both for its clinical importance and because it represents a case ...

Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is classified into several subsyndromes based on clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) features. The EEG signature of IGE is bisynchronous, symmetric, and generalized spike-wave complex; although focal, irregular, and so called "fragments" of discharges are not uncommon. Other characteristic EEG features include polyspikes, polyspike-wave discharges, occipital intermittent ...

Epilepsy and sleep have a profound bidirectional influence. Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) comprises a fascinating group of syndromes that constitute nearly one-third of all epilepsies. These syndromes are genetically determined and affect otherwise normal people of both sexes and all races. IGE manifests with typical absences, myoclonic jerks, and generalized ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the complications of laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) associated with ocular allergy. This review will provide guidance and heighten the need for a more comprehensive allergic evaluation before recommending LASIK procedure to patients. The material provided allows enhanced awareness of the potential postsurgical effects on ...

Background The Age related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide in elderly. Objective This study aimed to explore the demographic characteristics, pattern and risk factors for AMD at a tertiary referral eye centre in Nepal. Methods This is a hospital-based prospective study, conducted ...

Sleep-related symptoms are extremely common in patients with allergic rhinitis. Sleep impairment is likely a major contributor to the overall disease morbidity, direct and indirect health care costs, and the loss of work productivity associated with allergic rhinitis. The association between allergic rhinitis and sleep, and the subsequent impact on ...

Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO), also known assympathetic uveitis, is a rare bilateral granulomatous panuveitis that occurs after a penetrating injury to an eye. After injuryfrom either surgery or accident, a variable period of time passes before a sight-threatening inflammation develops in both the eyes. The disease usually responds rapidly to corticosteroid ...

OBJECTIVES:: To evaluate and review the literature regarding sports-related eye injuries and prevention through appropriate protective eyewear. METHODS:: The literature was reviewed regarding sports-related eye injuries and prevention of these injuries. RESULTS:: The review of the literature suggests that ocular sports injuries can occur with all sports and affects all ...

Farmworkers face a variety of risk factors for eye injuries. Measures of eye protection use and of eye safety knowledge and beliefs are based on a survey of 300 Latino farmworkers in North Carolina. Few farmworkers report using eye protection (8.3%); most (92.3%) report that employers do not provide eye ...

PURPOSE: To quantify and characterize eye injuries related to aerosol container consumer products treated in United States hospital emergency departments (EDs) from 1997 through 2009. DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: Descriptive analysis of aerosol container-related eye injury data derived from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, a stratified probability sample of ...

Purpose. There are no clear guidelines to treat traumatic cataract. This study was conducted to provide evidence-based care to patients with traumatic cataracts and to examine the effect of the time interval between injury and the first intervention on the final visual outcome. Methods. In a prospective cohort study, all ...

The objective of this review was to examine the evidence for the link between fatigue and safety, especially in transport and occupational settings. For the purposes of this review fatigue was defined as 'a biological drive for recuperative rest'. The review examined the relationship between three major causes of fatigue ...

Eye trauma results in 30,000 cases of blindness each year in the United States and is the second leading cause of monocular visual impairment. Eye injury is caused by a wide variety of projectile impacts and loading scenarios with common sources of trauma being motor vehicle crashes, military operations, and ...

PURPOSE:: The timing of vitrectomy for severe penetrating eye injury to the posterior segment remains controversial; this is particularly pertinent if patients are children and young adults. We present our results of the surgical procedure in young patients after penetrating eye injury using a delayed approach. METHODS:: Noncomparative interventional study ...