Purpose: To compare lens vault between open-angle and narrow-angle eyes in African-, Caucasian-, Hispanic-, Chinese- and Filipino-Americans. Methods: In this prospective study, 436 patients with open angle and narrow angle based on the Shaffer gonioscopic grading classification underwent anterior-segment optical coherence tomography. The Zhongshan Angle Assessment Program was used to ...

Purpose: To evaluate the functional changes in various morphologic types of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) by multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).Methods: All patients (n=71) with unilateral idiopathic ERM underwent complete ophthalmological examination, including measurements of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), SD-OCT, and mfERG for both eyes. ...

Purpose: To investigate the course of subfoveal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥20/40. Methods: Thirty-seven eyes of 35 patients with a subfoveal PED were divided into an avascular PED group (n = 11), a vascularized PED group due to ...

PURPOSE:To evaluate visual quality differences among intraocular lenses (IOLs) in patients with previous hyperopic laser ablations and to assess the impact of decentration and tilt of IOLs on visual quality. METHODS:An adaptive optics visual simulator was used to simulate the wavefront aberration pattern of one aberration-correcting IOL (AcrySof IQ SN60WF, ...

To compare visual acuity, refractive, wavefront, and visual quality outcomes between optimized prolate ablation (OPA) and optical path difference custom aspheric treatment (OPDCAT) algorithms for myopia correction. Private practice, Busan, South Korea. Prospective randomized masked clinical trial. One eye of each patient was randomly selected to have laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy ...

To evaluate visual outcomes after implantation of an aspheric multifocal/ intraocular lens (MIOL) or an aspheric monofocal intraocular lens (IOL). This was a prospective nonrandomized study. During 3-months of post-operative follow-up, the following outcomes for SN6AD1 MIOL (multifocal group) and SN60WF IOL (monofocal group) were compared: uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected ...

Examination of the characteristics and locations of sleeping sites helps to document the social and ecological pressures acting on animals. We investigated sleeping tree choice for four groups of Colobus vellerosus, an arboreal folivore, on 298 nights at the Boabeng-Fiema Monkey Sanctuary, Ghana using five non-mutually exclusive hypotheses: predation avoidance, ...

Purpose. To review results of traumatic cataracts in children. Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study done at a tertiary eye care center at the junction of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan states in central western India. We enrolled children with specific inclusion criteria, examined their eyes to review the ...

PURPOSE: To compare the stability and predictability of astigmatism correction between toric phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). SETTING: Nagoya Eye Clinic, Nagoya, Japan. DESIGN: Comparative case series. METHODS: Consecutive patients who had Implantable Collamer Lens pIOL implantation or LASIK were divided into 3 subgroups ...

Because poor sleep quality can reduce quality of life and increase prevalence of illness in workers, interventions are becoming increasingly important for businesses. To evaluate how sleep quality is affected by one-on-one behavioral modification when combined with group education, we conducted a randomized, controlled trial among day-shift white-collar employees working ...

To compare the visual and refractive results in eyes with advanced keratoconus having deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) with those having intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation. Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Comparative case series. Records of advanced keratoconus patients with a clear central cornea ...

Sildenafil increases ocular blood flow. Thus, the authors investigated if it also increases anterior chamber (AC) refilling after paracentesis. Corriedale sheep and albino rabbits were used as animal models. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured, paracentesis performed on one eye, and AC refilling followed by observation using oblique illumination. IOP measurements ...

Background:  Islamic Ramadan is the month of fasting, in which intake of food and drink is restricted from sunrise until sunset. The objective of the present study was to find out the effect of altered eating habits during Ramadan fasting on ocular refractive and biometric properties. Methods:  In this prospective ...

BACKGROUND: It is still subject to controversy if an increased vertical opening (VO) is beneficial in oral appliance therapy for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea. Each oral appliance has a given thickness causing VO. Therefore, evaluation of the effects of the amount of VO on pharyngeal dimensions is mandatory. ...

BACKGROUND: Nocturnal rostral fluid shift has been suggested to be a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in healthy subjects after lower body positive pressurization. It remains unclear whether this may apply to subjects with nephrotic lower limb edema and, if so, whether disease remission may reverse the accompanying ...

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is influenced by sleep architecture with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep having the most adverse influence, especially in women. There is little data defining the influence of slow-wave sleep (SWS) on OSA. We wished to study the influence of SWS on OSA and identify differences ...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been considered as one of the risk factors for ischemic stroke, but the impact of OSA on wake-up stroke (WUS) is not well studied. We aimed to determine the relationship between OSA and WUS. We prospectively recruited 71 patients with mild to moderate ischemic stroke ...

There is some evidence to suggest that acetazolamide may improve obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, how acetazolamide affects the key traits causing OSA remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the effect of acetazolamide on the traits contributing to OSA and its severity. Acetazolamide (500mg twice-daily) was administered for 1-week to ...

This study examined the association between race/ethnicity and objectively measured sleep characteristics in a large sample of older men. Black men had significantly shorter total sleep time (6.1 hr vs. 6.4 hr), longer sleep latency (28.7 min vs. 21.9 min), lower sleep efficiency (80.6% vs. 83.4%), and less slow-wave sleep ...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between food intake and sleep patterns in healthy individuals. Fifty-two healthy volunteers (27 women and 25 men) were recruited to participate in the study. Volunteers underwent sleep evaluation through nocturnal polysomnography and completed a 3-day food diary to evaluate food ...

To determine whether sleep duration of Australian adults has declined over recent years. Analysis of nationally representative data from repeated cross-sectional time-use surveys conducted in 1992, 1997 and 2006. Private households in Australia. Respondents aged 15 years and over (N = 21 195) who completed time-use diaries over two consecutive days. Change in sleep duration ...

BACKGROUND: To determine the effect of intravitreal administration of bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) on retrobulbar circulation of the injected and the fellow (uninjected) eyes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. METHODS: In this prospective study, the retrobulbar hemodynamics of 43 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration was examined by ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare computerized staging using spectral analyses of various electrophysiological signals with manual sleep staging. METHODS: Sleep recordings from 21 normal subjects were scored by an experienced rater and by a dichotomous algorithm. The performance of the spectral indices was assessed by the largest kappa value (LKV). RESULTS: Theta/beta ...

Recently, it was shown that the sleep-wake rhythm of the inhabitants of the temperate zone is entrained to sun time. In the North, significant seasonal changes in the photoperiod may interfere with entrainment of the circadian system to sunlight. This investigation assessed the influence of photoperiod characteristics on the sleep ...

Cloistered monks and nuns adhere to a 10-century-old strict schedule with a common zeitgeber of a night split by a 2- to 3-h-long Office (Matins). The authors evaluated how the circadian core body temperature rhythm and sleep adapt in cloistered monks and nuns in two monasteries. Five monks and five ...

To observe the pathological changes in rabbit retinas and the measure of glutamic acid levels in the vitreous body after suffering from high-speed bullet injuries. Rabbits eyeball contusion models were established with high-speed bullets, i.e., the rabbits eyes were shot with a fixed air rifle at a speed of 90m/s ...

Purpose: Sleep following training can enhance motor skill memory consolidation while chronic sleep disruption can have the converse effect. The aim of this investigation was to explore the relationship between sleep measured by wrist actigraphy, motor skill consolidation and primary motor cortex excitability in young, healthy individuals. Methods: Training was ...

Defective structural and neural upper airway properties both play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea. A more favorable structural upper airway property [pharyngeal critical pressure under hypotonic conditions (passive Pcrit)] has been documented for women. However, the role of sex related modulation in compensatory responses to ...

INTRODUCTION:: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with autonomic dysfunction, whereas increased heart rate (HR), HR recovery time (HRR-1), QT-corrected interval (QTc) and P-wave dispersion (Pd) are associated with cardiovascular events. The aim of the current investigation was to clarify the influence of OSAS severity on these cardiac parameters. ...

The hypothesis of whether day length (photoperiod) is an important zeitgeber (time-giver) for keeping the circadian rhythm entrained to a 24-hour cycle was examined, as was its association with sleep patterns and mood problems. Data were collected prospectively from a site with very large differences in daylight duration across seasons ...

Abstract To document the efficacy of five commercially available mydriatics for their potential for diagnostic and therapeutic use in Angora goats. Over 8 weeks, the mydriatic effects of 1% tropicamide, 2% homatropine, 1% cyclopentolate, 1% atropine and 0.25% hyoscine were evaluated. Given as block treatments, drugs were applied randomly to ...

Background and Aims:  Central Sleep Apnoea with Cheyne-Stokes Respiration (CSA-CSR) is a common , serious consequence of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). Optimal treatment is yet to be established. We compared two common treatments for CSA-CSR. Methods:  Subjects with CSA-CSR and stable CHF were randomised to 8 weeks treatment: oxygen 2L/min ...

OBJECTIVE: To provide normative values for pediatric sleep cardiorespiratory parameters following AASM rules, assessing effects of gender, age, and Tanner stage. METHODS: One-night polysomnograhy was performed at subjects' habitual bedtimes in 16 laboratories on 209 healthy German children, 1-18years old. RESULTS: Normative values of cardiorespiratory parameters in pediatric sleep are ...

Since the introduction of the aerobic dive limit (ADL) 30 years ago, the concept that most dives of marine mammals and sea birds are aerobic in nature has dominated the interpretation of their diving behavior and foraging ecology. Although there have been many measurements of body oxygen stores, there have ...

Midwives often work night and rotating shift schedules, which can lead to sleep disturbances, increased fatigue, and greater likelihood of accidents or errors. This study investigated the sleep of midwives (n = 17) in an Australian metropolitan hospital. Midwives completed work and sleep logbooks and wore wrist actigraphs for 28 ...

Abstract Background: Nocturnal hypoglycemia is a significant problem for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The counterregulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia is blunted in both patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy subjects during sleep. It is not known whether the threshold for arousal from sleep is also modified ...

This study provides a practical example of fatigue risk management in aviation. The sleep and sleepiness of 44 pilots (11 trips×4 pilot crew) working an ultra long-range (ULR; flight time >16h) round-trip operation between Doha and Houston was assessed. Sleep was assessed using activity monitors and self-reported sleep diaries. Mean ...

OBJECTIVE.-: This study aimed to compare 3 treatment modalities during sleep at an altitude of 5300 m to identify strategies for reducing the incidence of periodic breathing at high altitude. METHODS.-: Fifteen trekkers, with identical ascent profiles and no signs or symptoms of altitude illness, served as subjects. All study ...

To investigate the influence of different intensities and durations of exercise before bedtime on the sleep pattern and core body temperature of individuals considered good sleepers, we selected 17 healthy males and all underwent 5 nonconsecutive days of study. Measurements of polysomnographic parameters and core body temperature were taken at ...

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of less than 3 cycles of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for retinoblastoma. DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized, interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Eight patients. INTERVENTION: Intra-arterial chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tumor control and globe salvage. RESULTS: Eight patients received fewer than 3 cycles of IAC for retinoblastoma because there ...

Purpose:Anomalies in the pulsatility of the eye have been associated with many types of ocular pathology. Estimation of ocular pulsatility is usually obtained by measuring the variation in the intraocular pressure using tonometry based instruments. In this work, we present and demonstrate the applicability of a novel and non-invasive Fourier-domain ...

This study investigated the proposition of relaxation offered by performing the Muslim prayers by measuring the alpha brain activity in the frontal (F3-F4), central (C3-C4), parietal (P3-P4), and occipital (O1-O2) electrode placements using the International 10-20 System. Nine Muslim subjects were asked to perform the four required cycles of movements ...

Melatonin concentration and core body temperature (CBT) follow endogenous circadian biological rhythms. In the evening, melatonin level increases and CBT decreases. These changes are involved in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. Therefore, the authors hypothesized that age-related changes in these rhythms affect sleep quality in older people. In a ...

To examine developmental changes in the human sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) during late adolescence. A 4-bed sleep laboratory. Fourteen adolescents (5 boys) were studied at ages 15 or 16 (initial) and again at ages 17 to 19 (follow-up). N/A MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: All-night polysomnography was recorded at each assessment and scored ...

We identified individual-level diurnal and seasonal mood rhythms in cultures across the globe, using data from millions of public Twitter messages. We found that individuals awaken in a good mood that deteriorates as the day progresses--which is consistent with the effects of sleep and circadian rhythm--and that seasonal change in ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 12-week Tai Chi (TC) training on the soleus (SOL) H-reflex modulation and plantarflexion muscle strength in older adults. Twenty volunteers were assigned into training (N = 14; 72.2 ± 3.7 years of age) and control (N = 6; 74.2 ± 6.1 years of age) groups. The participants in the ...

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that compared with non-athletes, elite athletes are characterized by a reduction of reactivity of electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha rhythms (about 8-12Hz) to eyes opening in the condition of resting state, as a possible index of spatially selective cortical activation (i.e. "neural efficiency"). EEG ...

PURPOSE: To describe sleep patterns and problems among institutionalized children. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the caregivers of 118 children, aged 4-12 years from six institutional care facilities completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). RESULTS: The mean (±SD) of night bedtime was 21:05 ± 2:52, mean morning wake-up time was 06:58 ± 0:31, mean ...

Sleep has been shown to benefit memory consolidation for certain motor skills, but it remains unclear if this relationship exists for motor skills with direct rehabilitation applications. We aimed to determine the neurobehavioral relationship between finger-tracking skill development and sleep following skill training in young, healthy subjects. Forty subjects received ...

OBJECTIVE: Previous research suggests that sleep duration is associated with obesity and weight gain. However, the majority of these studies are of cross-sectional design, with only a few cohort studies. In order to validate previous findings in a more real-world context, we evaluated the association between sleep duration, obesity, and ...