: Colposcopy is used to evaluate vaginal microbicides, but its link to risk of HIV is unknown. This reanalysis of 9 safety studies determined the impact of omitting colposcopy on the number of findings detected and assessed whether colposcopy was useful in identifying nonoxynol-9 (N-9) as an unsafe product in ...

: To explore the unique impact of poor sleep and symptoms of depression on sleep quality for up to 1 year after inpatient post-acute rehabilitation among older adults. : Prospective longitudinal cohort study. : Two inpatient post-acute rehabilitation facilities. : A total of 245 individuals older than 65 years (mean ...

To assess the prevalence and comorbid conditions of nocturnal wandering with abnormal state of consciousness (NW) in the American general population. Cross-sectional study conducted with a representative sample of 19,136 noninstitutionalized individuals of the US general population ≥18 years old. The Sleep-EVAL expert system administered questions on life and sleeping ...

Purpose: To investigate anisometropia in children from 6 months to 15 years.Methods: Children with refractions at 6 months (n=1120), 5 years (n=395), and 12-15 years (n=312) were included in this study. All children were refracted in the laboratory by non-cycloplegic retinoscopy. Myopes had spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of the less ...

OBJECTIVE: Subjective reports of sleep dysfunction are common in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our objective was to determine whether excess sleepiness in RA is associated with polysomnographic (PSG) abnormalities. METHODS: Twelve RA participants with abnormal sleep scores were identified in clinic and age/gender matched to RA participants with normal ...

Parasitic infestations of the eye have been reported since centuries, affecting various parts of the eye. Some are subtle, coexisting with vision, while many others damage and destroy, in part or totally, the gift of sight. This report describes a patient with live subconjunctival dipetalonema infestation of the right eye, ...

Organisms perceive changes in their dietary environment and enact a suite of behavioral and metabolic adaptations that can impact motivational behavior, disease resistance, and longevity. However, the precise nature and mechanism of these dietary responses is not known. We have uncovered a novel link between dietary factors and sleep behavior ...

PURPOSE: To estimate the 4-year incidence of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) among adult Latinos 40 years of age and older. DESIGN: Population-based longitudinal study. METHODS: Comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations including intraocular pressure, visual field testing, and stereoscopic fundus photography were performed at both baseline and the 4-year follow-up ...

Abstract Objectives: The study objectives were to examine the effect of a 12-week 30-minute-a-day Ping Shuai Qigong exercise program on climacteric symptoms and sleep quality in perimenopausal women. Design: This was a prospective observational study. Settings/location: The subjects (N=70) from two communities were women aged 45 years and above who ...

Sleep deprivation is common in western societies and is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in epidemiological studies. However, the effects of partial sleep deprivation on the cardiovascular system are poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated thirteen healthy male volunteers (age: 31±2 years) monitoring sleep diary and ...

PURPOSE: To assess the frequency and characteristics of discrepant findings between fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in uveitic macular edema (ME). DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study of 112 eyes of 78 patients with uveitic ME on FA, OCT, or both. METHODS: ME was graded on OCT and FA ...

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of, and demographic associations with, uncorrected refractive error (URE) in an older British population. METHODS: Data from 4428 participants, aged 48-89 years, who attended an eye examination in the third health check of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study and had also undergone an ...

This was a prospective, cohort study in Korean pregnant and postpartum women, to estimate the prevalence and patterns of sleep disturbances. The survey was composed of the following validated sleep questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale, Berlin Questionnaire for ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of hospitalization for paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) or sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) caused by adenotonsillar or tonsillar hypertrophy without infection in children with a parent affected by OSAS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using the MigMed database at Lund University, hospital data on all children aged ...

Police officers are prone to cardiovascular disease, overweight, and obesity. Because night-shift work affects sleep, a modifiable risk factor linked to chronic disease, the researchers explored the relationship among shift work, sleep, and wellness for police officers. Sleep, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, stress, fatigue, and body mass index were used ...

BACKGROUND: Sleep is an important factor in the maintenance of cardiovascular integrity. It seems that cardiovascular injury and sleep impairment is another chicken or egg puzzle and we hypothesized that the higher the cardiovascular risk factors the higher the sleep impairment. Therefore, the goal of this study is to analyze ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the longitudinal relationships between body mass index (BMI), sleep duration and socioeconomic status (SES) in a 4-year cohort of 939 children aged 7-12 years. METHODS: Children and their mothers completed an annual questionnaire to assess usual weekday sleep and wake times, ...

Previous studies have reported a relationship between short sleep duration and childhood overweight. Although school-aged children tend to compensate for weekday sleep deficit by increasing weekend sleep duration, the association between weekend catch-up sleep and childhood overweight remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between weekend catch-up sleep ...

PURPOSE: A thicker lens vault (LV), measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT), was recently identified as a novel risk factor for angle closure in Chinese Singaporeans. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association of LV with angle closure in Japanese subjects. DESIGN: Case-control study METHODS: ...

PURPOSE:: To assess the relationship between donor and recipient factors and corneal allograft rejection in eyes that underwent penetrating keratoplasty in the Cornea Donor Study. METHODS:: Overall, 1090 subjects undergoing corneal transplantation for a moderate risk condition (principally Fuchs dystrophy or pseudophakic corneal edema) were followed for up to 5 ...

The aim of this study was to investigate sleep, television and computer habits and enjoyment and feelings of tiredness in school of school-age children and adolescents in Sweden. An instrument found to be valid and reliable here was distributed to 3,011 children aged 6, 7, 10, 14, and 16 years. ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The risk of visual impairment increases dramatically with age and therefore older adults should have their eyes examined at least every 1 to 2 years. Using a world-wide, population-based dataset, we sought to determine the frequency that older people had their eyes examined . We also examined factors ...

Toward explicating associations and directionality of effects between relationship processes and a fundamental facet of health, we examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV) and men and women's sleep. During two assessments, a diverse community sample of couples reported on their perpetrated acts of ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of, to identify sociodemographic risk factors for, and to examine the association of cardiovascular diseases with sleep apnea-plus (i.e., comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea) in the general United States population. METHODS: A population-based multi-year cross-sectional study design was used ...

Individuals show variation in their preference for the daily timing of activities. In this study the authors analyzed whether chronotypes associate with sleep duration and sleep-related complaints. The authors used the National FINRISK Study 2007 Survey data on 3696 women and 3162 men, representative of the Finnish population aged 25 ...

The present prospective study aimed to identify risk factors for subsequent clinical burnout. Three hundred eighty-eight working individuals completed a baseline questionnaire regarding work stress, sleep, mood, health, and so forth. During a 2-year period, 15 subjects (7 women and 8 men) of the total sample were identified as "burnout ...

To compare nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) with pulse transit time (PTT) recordings and structured clinical assessments and assess the reliability of these methods as a surrogate for the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI; calculated as the number of apneas/hypopneas per hour of total sleep time) and to test the associations between the clinical ...

Myopia is a common ocular disease in the world. Its prevalence has increased rapidly worldwide, especially in some East-Asian countries. Genetic factors and environmental factors both affect myopia's onset and its progress. Iris colour is an important characteristic of a person. It is a possible risk factor for myopia by ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether functional capacity is a better predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) than depression or abnormal sleep duration. METHODS: Adult civilians in the USA (n=29,818, mean age 48±18years, range 18-85years) were recruited by a cross-sectional household interview survey using multistage area probability sampling. Data on chronic conditions, ...

Gender disparity in sleep difficulties in young adults may be driven by higher rates of affective disorders in women. This article investigated a range of factors as potential predictors of "difficulty sleeping" in 9,061 women aged 24 to 30 years, using survey data. Regression analyses and odds ratios showed that ...

A preferential occurrence of attacks at night-time or during early morning is documented in migraine without aura, suggesting a relationship between migraine and sleep and an impairment of circadian rhythms. The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of sleep-related migraine in a large sample of migraineurs divided ...

Background: little is known about demographic and clinical characteristics associated with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) or central sleep apnoea (CSA) in community-dwelling elderly. We also examined these (OSA and CSA) associations to all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality.Methods: a total of 331 community-dwelling elderly aged 71-87 years ...

BACKGROUND: Social determinants of sleep may prove to be as important as health status. In this study we examined the extent to which persistent and changing economic difficulties are associated with sleep problems in two prospective occupational cohorts. METHODS: We used data from Finnish (baseline 2000-2002; follow-up 2007; n=6328) and ...

Sleep apnoea is a common, yet underestimated, chronic disorder with a major impact on morbidity and mortality in the general population. It is quickly becoming recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular impairment. Hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, cardiovascular rhythm and conduction abnormalities, cerebrovascular disease, and heart failure have ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the associations of visual impairment and major age-related eye diseases with cognitive function in an older Asian population. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional study of 1179 participants aged 60 to 80 years from the Singapore Malay Eye study was conducted. Visual acuity was measured using the logMAR vision ...

Study objectives: Previous studies often investigated the association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality but the possibility of reverse causation was not clearly defined. Our aim is to examine if the presence of any of the cardiovascular_related diseases including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and/or ...

Abstract BACKGROUND:Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Stress imposed on the myocardium by repeated severe hypoxemia and/or blood pressure surges during sleep may result in subclinical myocardial injury. Recently, a high-sensitivity (hs) cardiac troponin T (cTnT) assay has been developed. We hypothesized that the severity of ...

PURPOSE:: To investigate the rate and risk factors for neovascular glaucoma (NVG) after vitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS:: Five hundred and twelve patients (512 eyes) with PDR who underwent vitrectomy between January 1, 2003 and June 30, 2009 at Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan, were retrospectively evaluated. Postoperative NVG ...

OBJECTIVE:Shorter sleep duration predisposes to obesity, but the mechanisms whereby sleep deprivation affects body weight are poorly understood. We tested whether this association is modulated by the obesity genes FTO, TMEM18 and NRXN3.SUBJECTS:Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, visceral fat (abdominal ultrasound), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), systolic ...

To examine visual function after targeting -2.0 diopter (D) spherical equivalent (SE) when implanting a multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) in eyes with cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Three private practices. Case series. Lenses of cataractous eyes with AMD were replaced with the Acrysof Restor SN60D3 multifocal IOL, targeting an ...

Sleep apnoea is characterized by an intermittent cessation or diminution of airflow during sleep that may result in significant pulmonary and cardiac consequences, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is a common disease that affects approximately 20% of patients who snore, equating to a total prevalence in ...

OBJECTIVES:: To explore the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and resistant hypertension in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). METHODS:: We examined sleep parameters and blood pressure (BP) in 224 community-based, non-CKD participants from the Sleep-SCORE study: 88 nondialysis-dependent CKD and 95 ESRD participants. Unattended home ...

Purpose: To examine whether socioeconomic status, as measured by educational attainment and annual household income, is associated with lifetime risk for workplace eye injury in a large US population. Methods: In analyses of data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2005-2007, N = 43,510), we used logistic regression analysis and propensity ...

PURPOSE: Recent data indicate that night shift work is associated with increased endometrial cancer risk, perhaps through a pathway involving lower melatonin production. Melatonin is an antiestrogenic hormone, with production in a circadian pattern that is dependent on presence of dark at night. Sleep duration is positively associated with melatonin ...

OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationship between short sleep duration and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), visceral fat area (VFA) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) among a working population in Japan.DESIGN:Health-center-based, cross-sectional study.SUBJECTS:The study subjects included 5400 men and 642 women aged 30 to 75 years who underwent an abdominal ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to compare retinal function between the perifoveal nasal and perifoveal temporal areas of diabetic eyes using multifocalERG (mfERG). METHODS: We included 36 eyes from 27 patients with diabetes (age 58 ± 14 years; duration of diabetes 13 ± 9 years; HbA(1c) 7.1 ± 1.8%) and a control group with 18 ...

Although adolescents often experience insufficient and/or poor sleep, sleep variables such as total sleep time do not account for individuals' sleep need and sleep debt and may therefore be an inadequate representation of adolescents' sleep problems and its daytime consequences. This problem can be overcome by using the Chronic Sleep ...

PURPOSE:To asses the ocular morbidities of premature children in early childhood. METHODS:One hundred seventeen children with a history of gestational age of less than 37 weeks at birth underwent ophthalmic examination including visual acuity testing with Lea symbols, anterior and posterior segment examination, refraction, orthoptic examination for strabismus, and ocular ...

Background: Hypertension (HT) is caused by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Despite evidence for an association between short sleep duration and the development of HT, genetic factors associated with this effect have not been defined. Here we prospectively investigated the incidence of HT in subjects with short sleep ...

The purpose of this study was to report the clinical characteristics and surgical outcome of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy-associated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Retrospective interventional case series of patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy-associated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. All cases had preoperative and postoperative clinical evaluations. Eyes were divided into three groups: no, moderate, ...