OBJECTIVE: To report the investigation for the source of infection and the clinical course and treatment response of 11 cases of acute post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis that developed during an outbreak. DESIGN: Retrospective, consecutive, interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven patients who developed acute postoperative endophthalmitis after an uneventful cataract surgery with ...

Travoprost 0.004%/timolol maleate 0.5% fixed combination eye drops are available in Japan. We prospectively investigated the intraocular pressure (IOP)-decreasing effect of travoprost 0.004%/timolol maleate 0.5% fixed combination eye drops and the adherence of patients to the administration protocol. We studied 43 eyes from 43 patients diagnosed with primary open- angle ...

Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) is closely associated with ocular surface immunity. This study investigated the effects of antiglaucoma prostaglandin analogs with or without benzalkonium chloride (BAK) preservative on organized CALT using an acute toxic model. A total of 48 albino rabbits were used and seven groups of treatments were constituted. ...

The purpose of this study was to determine any difference in dynamic contour tonometry and ocular pulse amplitude in asymmetric glaucoma patients with the same applanation intraocular pressure. This is a prospective, observational study of 30 glaucoma patients and 11 controls from June 2007 to February 2008. Most of the ...

Narcolepsy is a neurologic disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, symptoms of abnormal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and a strong association with HLA-DRB1(*)1501, -DQA1(*)0102, and -DQB1(*)0602. Here, we investigated the clinico-physical characteristics of Korean patients with narcolepsy, their HLA types, and the clinical utility of high-resolution PCR with sequence-specific ...

ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 17) is crucial for eye morphogenesis. In this study we analysed the expression pattern of ADAM17 during mouse eye development. ADAM17 expression in adult retina was examined using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and verification of the RT-PCR products by DNA sequencing. Immunohistochemistry ...

The aim of this study was to investigate Chlamydia suis in a pig farm with an outbreak of conjunctivitis and diarrhea. Eye swabs and pooled fecal samples were investigated for the presence of C. suis by real-time PCR and ArrayTube microarray. Samples positive for C. suis by ArrayTube microarray assay ...

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) establishes a latent infection in sensory neurons that can sometimes be reactivated. HSV-1 keratitis often recurs and can be vision threatening. Reactivation of the latent virus can be stimulated by stress, immunosuppression, trauma, adrenergic iontophoresis, and UV radiation. Healthy and asymptomatic individuals are known ...

Identification of Encephalitozoon cuniculi (E. cuniculi) as a possible causative agent for cataracts and uveitis in cats. Within a 12-month study period, cats that were presented with focal anterior cortical or mature cataract and secondary uveitis underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, serologic tests for E. ...

PURPOSE: Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), which is usually responsible for exanthem subitum in children, can be reactivated from its latent state. We report a case of unilateral optic disc edema and retinal vasculitis associated with HHV-6 infection. CASE: A healthy 63-year-old man noted a decrease in the vision of his ...

Ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS) is a significant cause of vision loss in young and middle-aged adults. We report here a case of an immunocompetent 37-year-old man who presented fever, malaise, headache, and anterior cervical lymphadenopathy for one week, after which he started to experience a sudden loss in visual acuity ...

Background:  To determine the incidence, and identify risk factors for the development of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) in patients who had cataract surgery at the Singapore National Eye Centre (SNEC) between 2001 and 2003. Design:  Retrospective case-control study. Participants:  All patients who had cataract surgery between 2001 and 2003 and ...

PURPOSE: To describe immune ring (IR) formation as a manifestation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) endotheliitis. DESIGN: Retrospective observational case series. METHODS: Review of all consecutive CMV anterior uveitis and endotheliitis patients seen at the Singapore National Eye Centre for the occurrence of an IR. CMV infection was diagnosed by polymerase chain ...

PURPOSE:: To report a case of recurrent corneal graft failure because of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and to demonstrate successful clearance of the virus with oral valganciclovir, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. This allowed for a successful corneal autograft to be performed. METHODS:: Interventional case report. RESULTS:: A 90-year-old ...

The transition from wakefulness to sleep is characterized typically by a shift from sympathetic to parasympathetic regulation. Physiological functions, depending on the neurovegetative system, decrease overall. Previous studies have shown cardiovascular and electroencephalographic hyperactivity during wakefulness and sleep in insomniacs compared with normal sleepers, but there is very little evidence ...

According to epidemiological studies, insomnia is associated with cardiovascular mortality. However, it is yet to be determined whether this link is mediated by known cardiovascular risk factors. The current study aimed at investigating the association between primary insomnia, defined as subjectively reported sleep disturbance in the absence of any other ...

To examine the prevalence of sleep disturbances in adults with arthritis in a nationally representative sample, mediators of sleep difficulties, and subgroups of individuals with arthritis at greatest risk. Using data on US adults ages ≥18 years participating in the 2007 National Health Interview Survey, we computed the prevalence of ...

Objective: To present a case of primary menopausal insomnia with hot flashes to introduce recent changes in technology and nomenclature of sleep medicine and to review presentation, diagnosis, and therapies for menopausal insomnia.Methods: Clinical findings and results of sleep evaluation in the menopausal study patient are presented with details about ...

Purpose. To report a case of granulomatous anterior uveitis caused by travoprost. Methods. Single observational case report. Results. A 71-year-old who was fit and healthy presented with bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis 2 months after he was started on travoprost in both eyes. There was no past history of uveitis. Blood ...

Aim:  To elucidate the factors associated with insomnia symptoms and the use of sleep medication, and the correlations among insomnia symptoms, sleep medication use and depressive symptoms in the general population. Methods:  This survey was conducted in a rural community of Japan. Questionnaires consisted of basic information, the Pittsburgh Sleep ...

Insomnia is a common sleep disorder, yet its pathophysiological basis remains poorly understood. Studying a group of 192 patients with focal brain lesions, we show a significant association between insomnia and left dorsomedial prefrontal damage. Our findings are the first to demonstrate a link between insomnia and a discrete locus ...

To describe the characteristics of insomnia in primary care physicians' (PCPs') practices in 10 countries and to understand how the difficulty of maintaining sleep (DMS) was or was not associated with other insomnia symptoms such as difficulty initiating sleep (DIS), early morning awakenings (EMA) or nonrestorative sleep (NRS) in PCPs ...

This issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session focuses on the treatment of insomnia and sleep disturbances in a variety of populations. Over the past decade, there has been an increased recognition of the importance of sleep to health and well-being. Despite this recognition, there continues to be ...

using a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral model of insomnia and a daily process approach, this study was conducted to examine the contribution of cancer symptoms and dysfunctional sleep related thoughts and behaviors to the process of insomnia in breast cancer survivors. within-group longitudinal research design. an academic medical center. 41 women with ...

to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Brief Insomnia Questionnaire (BIQ), a fully structured questionnaire developed to diagnose insomnia according to hierarchy-free Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR), International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10), and research diagnostic criteria/International Classification of Sleep Disorders-2 (RDC/ICSD-2) general criteria without organic ...

to evaluate the efficacy and safety of doxepin 1 mg and 3 mg in elderly subjects with chronic primary insomnia. the study was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for primary insomnia were randomized to 12 weeks of nightly treatment with doxepin (DXP) 1 mg (n ...

Mindfulness meditation has emerged as a novel approach to emotion regulation and stress reduction that has several health benefits. Preliminary work has been conducted on mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia (MBT-I), a meditation-based program for individuals suffering from chronic sleep disturbance. This treatment integrates behavioral treatments for insomnia with the principles ...

Insomnia is a common problem among older adults. In particular, older adults experience insomnia coupled with early morning awakenings due to an interaction between age-related changes in circadian rhythm timing coupled with behavior changes that contribute to sustained poor sleep. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), at times coupled with circadian ...

This study aimed to (1) identify differences in sleep behaviors, sleep quality, pre-sleep arousal and prevalence of insomnia symptoms in adolescents with chronic pain compared to a healthy age and sex-matched cohort and (2) examine pain intensity, pubertal development, depression, and pre-sleep arousal as risk factors for insomnia symptoms. Participants ...

To assess the daytime consequences in outpatients suffering from different insomnia symptoms in primary care practice. An international cross-sectional survey was conducted in 5293 outpatients complaining of sleep disturbances in primary care practice. A sleep questionnaire addressing daytime consequences, insomnia symptoms, socio-demographic characteristics, and other sleep variables was administered by ...

Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are the two most common sleep disorders. Studies have shown that complaints of insomnia are prevalent among sleep clinic patients evaluated for OSA. Less is known about the gender and ethnic variations in this association. This paper aims to study the influence of gender ...

Chronic insomnia patients may fail pharmacotherapy. We reviewed charts on 137 chronic insomnia patients new to our sleep medical center who reported persisting insomnia despite long-term usage of pharmacotherapy. We examined 4 areas: (1) patient views on encounters with prescribing physicians; (2) self-reported medication efficacy; (3) treatment-seeking goals; and (4) ...

Insomnia in older individuals is common and often undiagnosed, and can lead to significant patient morbidity. A stepwise, thorough history and physical examination, including interviews with the bed partner and use of a sleep diary, are valuable diagnostic adjuncts. Polysomnography should be reserved for patients whose history suggests specific sleep-related ...

The efficacy and safety of doxepin (DXP) 6mg tablets were evaluated in healthy adults in a model of transient insomnia. This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study in healthy adults using a model of transient insomnia. A first-night effect combined with a 3-h phase advance was implemented to induce ...

Older adults have high prevalence rates of insomnia symptoms, yet it is unclear if these insomnia symptoms are associated with objective impairments in sleep. We hypothesized that insomnia complaints in older adults would be associated with objective differences in sleep compared with those without insomnia complaints. To test this hypothesis, ...

6 months after traumatic brain injury (TBI), almost three out of four patients suffer from sleep-wake disturbances (SWD) such as post-traumatic hypersomnia (increased sleep need of ≥2 h compared with before injury), excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), fatigue and insomnia. The long-term course of post-traumatic SWD, however, is unknown. To assess ...

Many medicinal plants have been used for treatment of insomnia in Asia. However, scientific evidence and precise mechanism for their sedative-hypnotic activity have not been fully investigated. Thus, we investigated the binding activity of the oriental plant extracts (mainly from Korea and Japan) to the well-known molecular targets for sleep ...

Because insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with increased morbidity, we examined the effects of this insomnia subtype on all-cause mortality. Longitudinal. Sleep laboratory. 1,741 men and women randomly selected from Central Pennsylvania. Participants were studied in the sleep laboratory and were followed-up for 14 years (men) and ...

Chronic insomnia is a poorly understood disorder. Risk factors for developing chronic insomnia are largely unknown, yet disturbances in brain indexes of arousal seem to accompany the disorder. We here investigate whether insomnia patients and control participants differ with respect to brain responses to direct stimulation, i.e., cortical excitability. Transcranial ...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease affecting up to 1 million individuals in the United States. Sleep disturbances, typically in sleep maintenance, are found in up to 88% of these individuals and are associated with a variety of poor outcomes. Despite being common and important, there are few ...

To determine if vestibular stimulation is an effective therapy for transient insomnia in a sleep phase advance model. Multi-site, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, sham-controlled trial This study was carried out at 6 sites in the United States. 198 healthy normal sleepers. Bilateral electrical stimulation of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ...

Recent developments in sleep research suggest that antagonism of the serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptor may improve sleep maintenance insomnia. We herein report the discovery of a series of potent and selective serotonin 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists based on a phenethylpiperazine amide core structure. When tested in a rat sleep pharmacology model, these ...

Sleep-disordered breathing is a risk factor for stroke, but its association with subclinical atherosclerosis remains controversial. Snoring and insomnia are frequently comorbid with sleep-disordered breathing and may contribute to stroke. Data on the relationship between snoring and insomnia with atherosclerotic disease are sparse. We investigated the relationship between markers of ...

The Brazilian Sleep Association brought together specialists in sleep medicine, in order to develop new guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnias. The following subjects were discussed: concepts, clinical and psychosocial evaluations, recommendations for polysomnography, pharmacological treatment, behavioral and cognitive therapy, comorbidities and insomnia in children. Four levels of ...

Doxepin binds with high specificity and affinity to the histamine H(1) receptor compared with other receptors. Therefore, at low doses, doxepin selectively antagonises H(1) receptors, which is believed to promote the initiation and maintenance of sleep. In three large, well designed, phase III trials in adult or elderly patients with ...

Although CPAP is a highly efficacious treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), low adherence presents a significant challenge for sleep medicine clinicians. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between insomnia symptoms and CPAP use. We hypothesized that pre-treatment insomnia complaints would be associated with poorer CPAP adherence at ...

Prolonged disruption of sleep in animal studies is associated with decreased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. Our objective was to determine whether insomnia severity in a sample of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients and control subjects was associated with decreased volume in the CA3/dentate hippocampal subfield. Volumes of hippocampal subfields ...

PURPOSE: Nocturia, a common symptom of overactive bladder syndrome, is associated with substantial adverse consequences and yet its pathophysiology has hardly been studied and the capacity to treat it remains limited. We established methods to study the physiology of overactive bladder associated nocturia and better understand this phenomenon. MATERIALS AND ...

Insomnia is a common condition that affects one's ability to sleep comfortably and consequently to work effectively. Its etiology is multifactorial and involves plethora of risk factors. Consequences can vary from mild sleepiness to more sever psychiatric disturbances and ischemic stroke. Despite several diagnostic criteria it is poorly diagnosed and ...

Insomnia is a sleeping disorder, usually studied from a behavioural perspective, with a focus on somatic and cognitive arousal. Recent studies have suggested that an impairment of information processes due to the presence of cortical hyperarousal might interfere with normal sleep onset and/or consolidation. As such, a treatment modality focussing ...