Congenital hypothyroidism and phenylketonuria, the two major problems of several metabolic errors are presently the focus of attention, in Thailand. These two conditions are assigned as diseases to be controlled under the National Public Health Policies of Thailand. Here, the authors summarize and report the 10-year study on the prevalence ...

Seizures are not an uncommon occurrence in older adults, and the incidence of status epilepticus is much greater in the elderly than in younger populations. Status epilepticus is a neurologic emergency and requires prompt intervention to minimize morbidity and mortality. Treatment involves both supportive care as well as initiation of ...

Empirical evidence from US studies suggests that female physicians earn less than their male counterparts, on average. The earnings gap does not disappear when individual and market characteristics are controlled for. This paper investigates whether a gender earnings difference can also be observed in a health-care system predominantly financed by ...

The present study examined whether there are differences in job-related attitudes and well-being among physicians working in private sector and public sector. In addition, we examined whether psychosocial factors (organizational justice and job control) could mediate these possible differences in different sectors. Cross-sectional survey data from the Finnish Health Professional ...

The IMPACT survey queried physicians, caregivers, payors and members of the general public from 5 European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom) regarding their opinions towards screening for Alzheimer's disease (AD) as part of a 30-minute Web-based questionnaire conducted between April and May 2009. A larger proportion ...

To identify the barriers and facilitators associated with the implementation of the nurse practitioner (NP) role in Ontario's public health units (PHUs), the NPs' job satisfaction, and the relationship between NP job satisfaction and practice dimensions. This descriptive study involved a postal survey of all NPs (N = 29) working ...

The American Cancer Society says that using a tanning bed before age 35 increases a person's risk of developing melanoma by 75 percent. Physicians hope that recent actions by the FTC, along with TMA-supported state legislation placing age restrictions on minors' use of tanning beds, will spur the tanning industry ...

OBJECTIVES: To explore attitudes and reasoning among Swedish physicians and the general public regarding the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment at a competent patient's request. DESIGN: A vignette-based postal questionnaire including 1202 randomly selected individuals in the county of Stockholm and 1200 randomly selected Swedish physicians with various specialities. The vignettes ...

From the second half of the 18th century, Japanese physicians incorporated concepts of European medicine in their publications. Dutch physicians had a pivotal role in this process, facilitated by their trade relations in Deshima, near Nagasaki. This paper focuses on the influence of later Dutch editions (probably the 1765 edition) ...

Few studies have reported the attitudes of both individual doctors and members of the public toward the appropriateness of 'gifts' from pharmaceutical companies. To investigate the attitudes of both doctors and members of the public toward the appropriateness of receiving particular 'gifts' from pharmaceutical companies, and to consider whether public ...

The recent publication of the American Hypertension Society (ASH) position paper on combination therapy in the treatment of hypertension is essential reading for all physicians and for South African medical aid funders.

Physicians who purchased certain medical or office equipment during the past five years via the Internet or catalogs may owe back sales and use taxes, and Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts Susan Combs wants them to pay up. The comptroller's office is offering a one-time waiver of penalties and interest ...

Disclosing the diagnosis or prognosis to cancer patients in Saudi Arabia can be a serious challenge to the physician in his daily clinic practice. The public attitude towards full disclosure is still conservative, and in order to appropriately deal with such an attitude, physicians need to deeply understand its sociocultural ...

OBJECTIVES: Observation without initial antibiotic therapy was accepted as an option for acute otitis media (AOM) management in the 2004 American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians clinical practice guideline. The guideline also recommended amoxicillin as the first-line treatment for most children, and analgesic treatment to reduce ...

The medical art is difficult, its results can not always be predicted. After looking at TV, patients know more or think they know more about medicine. They tend to assume faulty diagnostics or treatment by their physician, if the good result promised by the news-media or by the doctor himself ...

In contrast to many other physicians of his age, John Browne (1642-1702), an English anatomist and surgeon, managed to strike a balance in his career that spanned relative obscurity, prestige, and notoriety. Among his more prestigious credits, Browne was Surgeon in Ordinary to King Charles II and William III. He ...

BACKGROUND: Physicians who serve as public health specialists at public health centers and health departments in local or central government have significant roles because of their public health expertise. The aim of this study is to analyze the retention and career paths of such specialists in Japan. METHOD: We analyzed ...

BACKGROUND: In both Europe and the US, resident physician work hour reduction has been a source of controversy within academic medicine. In 2008, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended a reduction in resident physician work hours. We sought to assess the American public perspective on this issue. METHODS: We conducted ...

INTRODUCTION: Human resource crises in developing countries have been identified as a critical aspect of poor quality and low accessibility in health care. Worker motivation is an important facet of this issue. Specifically, motivation among physicians, who are an important bridge between health systems and patients, should be considered. This ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine childhood immunization levels relative to the number of family physicians, pediatricians, and public health nurses in Ontario. DESIGN: Retrospective comparative analysis of publicly available data on immunization coverage levels and the relative number of family physicians, pediatricians, and public health nurses. SETTING: Ontario. PARTICPANTS: Seven-year-old children, family ...

Georg Josef Camel (1661-1706) went to the Spanish colony of the Philippine Islands as a Jesuit lay brother in 1687, and he remained there until his death. Throughout his time in the Philippines, Camel collected examples of the flora and fauna, which he drew and described in detail. This paper ...

Various versions of legitimacy theory predict that a duty and obligation to obey legitimate authorities generally trumps people's personal moral and religious values. However, most research has assumed rather than measured the degree to which people have a moral or religious stake in the situations studied. This study tested compliance ...

Increased public awareness of the performance-enhancing benefits of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) in athletes has resulted from the media coverage of the BALCO scandal and Mitchell report. The impact of this increased notoriety on the consumption of these drugs remains unclear, however. In addition, the negative connotation associated with the use ...

A physician's lack of humanity is a general complaint in public surveys. The physician-patient relationship is viewed by the public as being reduced to a business relationship where the patient feels that she is merely a 'client' and the physician a healthcare 'practitioner' instead of a 'care giver'. This public ...

Physicians' links with pharmacies may create perverse financial incentives to overprescribe, prescribe products with higher profit margins, and direct patients to their pharmacy. Interviews with pharmacy customers in the Philippines show that those who use pharmacies linked to public-sector physicians had 5.4 greater odds of having a prescription from such ...

Physicians suffer from the same illnesses as others do, and some of these illnesses may limit their ability to safely practice medicine. Individuals with of some of these same illnesses may also suffer from denial, blinding them to their limitations. Data support that, while many of these physicians do voluntarily ...

OBJECTIVE: Public health emergency planning includes a consideration of public health human resource requirements. We addressed the hypothetical question: How many public health physicians could Canada mobilize in the event of a public health emergency? METHODS: We used the 2004 National Physician Survey (NPS) to estimate the number of public ...

Fatigue is prevalent and can produce major public health consequences. Assessment of fatigue by the PM&R physician begins with a careful history and physical examination, complemented by pertinent rating scales and laboratory studies. In adults with disabilities, a wide variety of etiologies may lead to fatigue. Educating and providing resources ...

Local Public Health Physicians in Norway from 1994 to 2002. Workload, work content, and interaction. A story of everyday life in primary health care. The theme of this thesis is the development of local public health physicians’ services during the 1990s and the early 2000s. Decentralisation and liberalisation reforms in ...

OBJECTIVES: To explore and compare attitudes toward and practices of non-therapeutic male circumcision (NTMC) between immigrants and non-immigrants. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted 8 focus groups involving 44 participants of the lay public (21 immigrants and 23 non-immigrants) and 14 extended interviews with physicians (9 family physicians and 5 pediatricians). RESULTS: ...

Persisting, and in some cases widening, inequalities in health within and between countries present significant challenges to the focus and practice of contemporary public health, and by association, to public health education. As public health physicians and academic educators of medically- and non-medically trained public health practitioners, we call for ...

The treatment options for facial rejuvenation using dermatological, nonsurgical techniques have dramatically increased in the past 10 years. This follows the introduction of botulinum toxin and a variety of dermal fillers. The public interest in noninvasive treatments has changed the market beyond recognition with more physicians involved in providing services ...

Summaries and commentaries on trials presented at the hotline sessions of the scientific sessions 2008 of the American Heart Association in New Orleans have been generated from the oral presentations and the webcasts of the American Heart Association. The following papers are discussed: APPROACH, ATLAS, BACH, BICC, HF-ACTION, I-PRESERVE, JPAD, ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is undertaken more than 250,000 times annually in the United States. This study was undertaken to determine knowledge and opinions of the general public regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation. DESIGN: Validated multisite community-based cross-sectional survey. OUTCOME MEASURES: Knowledge and opinions about resuscitative practices and outcomes, using hypothetical ...

Federal support through Title VII, Section 747 has played an important role in promoting the use of physician assistants (PAs) in primary care and in the growth and institutionalization of PA educational programs in the United States. Federal workforce policy approaches include PAs in strategies to (1) increase the supply ...

The World Health Organization has warned that osteoporosis (OP) is one of the leading health problems in the Western world because of its high prevalence and social and health implications. Densitometry using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the procedure of choice to diagnose OP before fragility fractures occur. The purpose ...

In the Spring of 1914 Helena Kagan, a young 25-year-old physician, settled in Jerusalem. She opened a clinic at her home and became the first paediatrician in the country. She founded institutions to improve the health of Jerusalem children and engaged in extensive public activity on behalf of the Jerusalem ...

This questionnaire-based study assessed the attitudes of the general public to the symptoms of a transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and determined the current level of knowledge about the management of TIA among doctors. The public chose to wait for symptom recurrence before seeking medical advice for amaurosis (41%) and upper ...

For members of the public, community health fairs are an opportunity to gather information and receive screening for a variety of common medical conditions. For the osteopathic medical community, they can be an opportunity to increase public awareness about osteopathic medicine. The authors conducted a survey at nine community-based health ...

The belief that coronary atherosclerosis is due to high cholesterol from increased saturated fat intake originated from experiments in herbivorous animals. It was reinforced by reports allegedly demonstrating this sequence of events in various populations but ignoring contradictory data. The idea has been perpetuated by powerful forces using similar tactics ...

The medical inspection of immigrants arriving in the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was framed by a need to rapidly process large numbers of people. Scientific medicine, such as it was then, was subordinate to the existing immigration laws which reflected the influences of the ...

The architectural history of the College's George Street hall, completed in 1781, has commonly been overlooked because it was demolished and deemed to have been a disappointment to both its owners and its architect, James Craig. This article reassesses the College's ambitions and Craig's efforts to match them, by accounting ...

Monitoring and modifying physicians' prescribing behavior through prescription tracking is integral to pharmaceutical marketing. Health information organizations (HIOs) combine prescription information purchased from pharmacies with anonymized patient medical records purchased from health insurance companies to determine which drugs individual physicians prefer for specific diagnoses and patient populations. This information is ...

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a major health concern as the number of clinically useful treatment options diminishes. However, this area of research has not proven to be highly attractive to the pharmaceutical industry; indeed, several major companies have announced the termination of efforts in the arena of antibiotics. ...

Targeted detection programmes are recommended to identify subjects affected by severe alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). Guidelines are available to address physicians towards subjects at high risk for AATD. We wanted to investigate the clinical characteristics of subjects enrolled in the programme, who result as not being affected by severe AATD; this ...

In California, medical providers have the option to provide expedited partner therapy (EPT) for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. California law was amended in 2001 and 2007 to allow physicians to prescribe, and nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and certified nurse-midwives to dispense, antibiotic therapy for the sex partners of individuals ...

AIM: Induced hypothermia improves outcomes in patients resuscitated successfully after cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. However, a minority of US physicians currently use the therapy. The aim of this study was to project the public health impact of implementing hypothermia in all eligible US out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors. ...

The epidemiologic link between exposure to gadolinium-based contrast (GBC) agents and the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with moderate to severe end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has caused concern among physicians, particularly radiologists and nephrologists. The concerns of manufacturers of GBC agents and the U.S. Food and Drug ...

Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It affects 1 in 4 American adults making it the most common chronic condition in the country. Recent studies have shown that two thirds of hypertensives in the United States are undertreated or untreated. The goal for Healthy People ...

In many countries, pharmacies receive high regulated markups and are protected from competition through geographic entry restrictions. We develop an empirical entry model for pharmacies and physicians with two features: entry restrictions and strategic complementarities. We find that the entry restrictions have directly reduced the number of pharmacies by more ...