A short-cut review was carried out to establish whether rocuronium is as effective as succinylcholine at facilitating laryngoscopy during rapid sequence intubation (RSI). A total of 94 papers was found using the reported search, of which seven represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and ...

A short cut review was carried out to establish which intraosseous device is best for use in the prehospital environment. A total of 2100 papers were found using the reported search, of which 2 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, ...

The world was recently captivated by the nuptials of the young royals William and Kate, and while the ceremony was replete with traditional pomp, the nature of their relationship and public personae indicate a society that has changed from that of their forbears. Throughout the broadcast, we saw live video ...

The IOM recommendations for vitamin D fail in a major way on logic, on science, and on effective public health guidance. Moreover, by failing to use a physiological referent, the IOM approach constitutes precisely the wrong model for development of nutritional policy. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral ...

Complaints of neuropsychological dysfunction have emerged among subsets of military personnel after almost every major deployment involving western nations in recent history. Although deployments have been characterized by a range of neural risk factors, psychological stress is common to most prolonged deployments. This review uses a public health framework to ...

This multi-national study hypothesized that higher levels of country-level gender equality would predict smaller differences in the frequency of women's compared to men's drinking in public (like bars and restaurants) settings and possibly private (home or party) settings. GENACIS project survey data with drinking contexts included 22 countries in Europe ...

Stigmatized group members experience greater well-being in the presence of similar others, which may be driven by the perception that similar others value their shared stigmatized identities (i.e., high public regard). Using experience sampling methodology, this hypothesis is tested with biracial people (29 Asian/White, 23 Black/ White, and 26 Latino/White ...

The present study was firstly aimed to find out the nature of stressful life events arising out of the innovative challenges in modernized organizations; and secondly, it tried to identify the relationship between innovative work behavior of managers and the levels of stress arising out of stressful events in modernized ...

The 2007 southern California wildfires resulted in over 500,000 residents being displaced. A team from Johns Hopkins University and the American Red Cross surveyed 163 families at shelters and local assistance centers during the disaster. The responses were used to evaluate the needs and movement patterns of a displaced population. ...

Cordyline fruticosa, ti, is a member of the agave family (Agavaceae). Ti can add exciting color to a landscape with a tropical theme. Ti seedlings vary in color a lot and many of them have outstanding color. Besides green, the foliage of ti cultivars can be red, orange, purple, or ...

In the Rocky Mountains, there is uncertainty about the source areas and emission types that contribute to nitrate (NO3) deposition, which can adversely affect sensitive aquatic habitats of high-elevation watersheds. Regional patterns in NO3 deposition sources were evaluated using NO3 isotopes in five National Parks, including 37 lakes and 7 ...

The early cleavage up to gastrulation is described here for the priapulid worm Priapulus caudatus, contradicting and clarifying earlier partial reports on this topic. The cleavage pattern up to gastrulation is highly symmetrical, total, subequal, radial, and stereotypical. Gastrulation is intermediate between epiboly and invagination, and the mesendoderm may be ...

The well preserved anterior upper and lower jaw fragment of an adult specimen of Coloborhynchus robustus (Pterosauria: Ornithocheiridae), SMNK 2302 PAL, allowed investigations of the replacement pattern of the dentition macroscopically and by using CT scans. The quantification of the dentition by Zahnreihen, Z-Spacing, and replacement waves indicates a complex ...

We report 2 experiments designed to investigate the effect of people's prior beliefs concerning specific color-flavor associations on their ability to discriminate the flavor of colored sugar-coated chocolate sweets. The participants in our study judged whether pairs of Smarties had the same flavor or not. In our first experiment, the ...

Silver vanadium oxide (SVO) and V2O5 nanowires have been hydrothermally synthesized. The as-made nanowires are over 30 microm long and 10-20 nm in diameter. The nanowires have a layered structure with a d-spacing of 1.07 nm. The nanowires can be fabricated into free-standing and flexible sheets by suction filtration. The ...

Previous studies have described the ideal shape of the aesthetic brow. These studies were based on fashion models, who typically have ideal oval faces. In people with different facial shapes, makeup artists modify brow shape to give the illusion of an oval shape. The purpose of this investigation was to ...

Grapheme-color synaesthesia is a rare condition in which perception of a letter or a digit is associated with concurrent perception of a color. Synaesthetes report that these color experiences are vivid and realistic. We used a Stroop task to show that synaesthetically induced color, like real color, is processed in ...

Coesite inclusions occur in a wide range of lithologies and coesite is therefore a powerful ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) indicator. The transformation of coesite to quartz is evidenced by three optically well identifiable characteristics (e.g. palisade textures, radial crack patterns, polycrystalline quartz pseudomorphs). Under overpressure monomineralic coesite (on an optical basis), lacking ...

In 1991, we tentatively introduced the classification of Ackerman and Magana-García for acquired melanocytic nevi in our laboratory. We soon realized that every acquired intradermal melanocytic nevus might be easily classified into either Unna's or Miescher's patterns and that this classification had both clinical implications and significant histological differences. The ...

The conventional view holds that girih (geometric star-and-polygon, or strapwork) patterns in medieval Islamic architecture were conceived by their designers as a network of zigzagging lines, where the lines were drafted directly with a straightedge and a compass. We show that by 1200 C.E. a conceptual breakthrough occurred in which ...

The summary in booklet form 'Fijn stof nader bekeken' (Particulate Matter: a closer look) , published in Dutch by the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (MNP) and the Environment and Safety Division of the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), has been designed to present the facts on ...

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BACKGROUND: There is little data on hiking patterns in national parks to support hiking behavior as a vehicle to meet the joint YMCA, CDC, and National Park Service initiatives to encourage physical activity through public land use. METHODS: The YMCA of the Rockies hiking program provided data from Hike Report ...

Periodic anaerobic baffled reactor (PABR) is a novel reactor based on the design concept of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR). Residence time distribution (RTD) studies on both clean and working reactors at the same hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 2 d were carried out to investigate the dead spaces and mixing ...

We have implemented a graph layout algorithm that exposes Gene Ontology (GO) class structure on the network nodes. It can be used in conjunction with BiNGO plug-in to Cytoscape, which finds the GO categories over-represented in a given network. Our plug-in, named GOlorize, first highlights the class members with category-specific ...

For Digit Symbol-Coding (CD) and Symbol Search (SS) we tested the hypothesis that young adults (44 males, 60 females) would start out quickly and demonstrate steady increases in symbols/items completed across each of four 30-s intervals. The average number of CD symbols was 23.19 (S.D.=3.46) for 0-30s, 21.11 (S.D.=3.75) for ...

A grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus), able to label the color of the bigger or smaller object in a pair (I. M. Pepperberg & M. V. Brezinsky, 1991), to vocally quantify < or =6 item sets (including heterogeneous subsets; I. M. Pepperberg, 1994), and separately trained to identify Arabic numerals 1-6 ...

This study investigated the correlation of both race and skin color in the distribution of mean IQ for 129 countries with primarily indigenous populations. Skin color correlated most highly with mean IQ across the Caucasoid countries (r = -.86), somewhat less across the Mongoloid countries (r = -.66), and nonsignificantly ...

Friendship patterns are instrumental for testing important hypotheses about assimilation processes and group boundaries. Wedding photos provide an opportunity to directly observe a realistic representation of close interracial friendships and race relations. An analysis of 1,135 wedding party photos and related information shows that whites are especially unlikely to have ...

Silk et al. report that adult chimpanzees show no difference in their choices in a situation where one choice benefits a familiar conspecific and the other does not. From this, they conclude that chimpanzees are indifferent to the welfare of unrelated group members. But without additional data confirming that chimpanzees ...

We have investigated the transport mechanism of the inks most typically used in dip-pen nanolithography by patterning both 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA) and 1-octadecanethiol (ODT) on the same Au{111} substrate. Several pattern geometries were used to probe ink transport from the tip to the sample during patterning of both dots (stationary ...

Do variations in the duration of grandparents caring for grandchildren result in significantly different patterns of poverty and receipt of public assistance for the household and disability for the grandparent caregiver? Using data from the 5% Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples (IPUMS) from the Census 2000, this paper explores how ...

The objective of this study was to identify bilateral differences in pork carcass quality as influenced by single leg shackling and suspension of electrically stunned pigs. Fifty-six Genepacker x EB market barrows (118 kg) were rendered unconscious and insensible to pain via electrical stimulation. Pigs were then shackled and suspended ...

Thermal degradation of betanin, phyllocactin (malonyl-betanin), and hylocerenin (3' '-hydroxy-3' '-methyl-glutaryl-betanin) solutions isolated from purple pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus [Weber] Britton and Rose) was monitored by spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analyses. For betanin and phyllocactin solutions, the color shift upon thermal treatment was found to be nearly ...

The story of Perseus and his exploits is one of the most famous Greek myths and is analyzed with emphasis on oedipal and symbiotic dynamics. The myth is seen to resonate with individual, social, and historical elements, illustrating the unique place of symbol and myth in mediating the coevolution of ...

Cultural or tool use behaviours are typically conducted in social or food procurement contexts where the individual interacts with conspecifics, heterospecifics or environmental features. We report on postcoital penis cleaning in chimpanzees, an activity that does not fit this pattern. In penis cleaning, leaves are employed as 'napkins' to wipe ...

Parasenecio auriculata is a woodland perennial herb widely distributed in Northeastern Asia, constituted by a poorly understood polyploidy with a diploid (2n = 2x = 60) and a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 120). In this study, for a better understanding of the polyploidal evolution, cytogeography and morphological variation were ...

The effect of color on orthonasal and retronasal odor intensities was investigated. When odorants were smelled orthonasally (i.e., through the nostrils), color enhanced odor intensity ratings, consistent with previous reports. However, when odorants were smelled retronasally (i.e., the odorous solution was put in the mouth), color reduced odor intensity ratings. ...

OBJECTIVE: An important part of public health is identifying patterns of poor health and deprivation. Specific patterns of poor health may be associated with features of the geographic environment where contamination or pollution may be occurring. For example, there may be clusters of poor health surrounding nuclear power stations, whereas ...

Australian crab spiders Thomisus spectabilis ambush pollinating insects, such as honeybees (Apis mellifera) on flowers, and can change their body colour between yellow and white. It is traditionally assumed that the spiders change their colour to match the flower colour, thus rendering them cryptic to insect prey. Here, we test ...

SNPNB is a user-friendly and platform-independent application for analyzing Single Nucleotide Polymorphism NeighBoring sequence context and nucleotide bias patterns, and subsequently evaluating the effective SNP size for the bias patterns observed from the whole data. It was implemented by Java and Perl. SNPNB can efficiently handle genome-wide or chromosome-wide SNP ...

Density functional calculations have been carried out on a series of linearly annelated acenes and their BN analogues. Even though borazine shows aromatic and reactivity behavior parallel with that of benzene, its condensed derivatives show patterns different from those of their hydrocarbon analogues. Nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) values in ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the differential effect of custom orthoses on the lower extremity mechanics of a forefoot and rearfoot strike pattern. DESIGN: Fifteen subjects ran with both a forefoot and a rearfoot strike pattern with and without orthoses. Lower extremity kinematic and kinetic variables were compared between strike pattern and ...

Many male birds use carotenoid pigments to acquire brilliant colors that advertise their health and condition to prospective mates. The direct means by which the most colorful males achieve superior health has been debated, however. One hypothesis, based on studies of carotenoids as antioxidants in humans and other animals, is ...

The compressed feature matrix (CFM) is a feature based molecular descriptor for the fast processing of pharmacochemical applications such as adaptive similarity search, pharmacophore development and substructure search. Depending on the particular purpose, the descriptor may be generated upon either topological or Euclidean molecular data. To assure a variable utilizability, ...

A rare collection of personality assessments from 103 Italian politicians revealed predictable patterns of contrasts and similarities with personality dimensions from a large normative sample (N = 4,578). Three modal personality characteristics distinguished politicians, with their significantly higher levels of Energy, Agreeableness, and Social Desirability, from the general public. Comparability ...

We analyze the optical caustic produced by light refracted at the curved meniscus surrounding a cylindrical rod standing partially out of a liquid-filled container. When the rod is tilted from the vertical or when light is diagonally incident, the caustic is a four-cusped astroid with two of its cusps obscured ...

Three experiments investigated whether the presence of more elements in the upper part of a configuration (i.e., up-down asymmetry) plays a role in determining newborns' preference for facelike patterns. Newborns preferred a nonfacelike stimulus with more elements in the upper part over a nonfacelike stimulus with more elements in the ...

The foam properties of sparkling wines (Cava) made from two red autochthonous grape varieties, Trepat and Monastrell, and coupages, including different percentages of them, were studied during second fermentation and aging. The effect of second fermentation on foam gave the highest decreases when the base wines had the highest foam ...

When paired with a particular self-ligating bracket design, the material and the geometric characteristics of an archwire influence its resistance to sliding. Four designs of self-ligating brackets (1 with a slide, 3 with clips) were coupled with 5 types of archwires: 14-mil round austenitic nickel-titanium, 16 x 22-mil rectangular austenitic ...