ABSTRACT: Over the last 25 years, the quality of pressure ulcer (PrU) care has significantly changed because of sweeping public policy changes from the federal government. In fact, how clinicians think about PrU prevention and treatment can be traced back to several landmark changes made by the federal government that ...

PURPOSE: To review the published data on a hitherto not widely known adverse effect of alendronate manifesting as mucosal ulcers in the oral cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The electronic database PubMed was searched for reports of this adverse effect. Publications published up to August 2010 were included. This electronic search ...

To investigate meta-analysis of published data on overall incidence of cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate of newborns in Iran. This meta-analysis was carried out at the School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran between May 2009 and December 2009. Our data were consisted ...

National arthroplasty registers are often cited as examples of a non-randomized design that have made an essential contribution to advances in assessing arthroplasty procedures. We aimed to compare national registers to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses in the field of arthroplasty in terms of scientific production and impact. We ...

BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses of randomized, controlled trials are considered the highest level-of-evidence, thus strongest source of information. However, questions concerning the validity of meta-analyses in orthopaedic surgery emerged recently. Among the most common sources for errors is publication bias. This describes the fact that studies with small or non-significant outcomes are ...

This paper shows that the meta-analysis of bicycle helmet efficacy reported by Attewell, Glase, and McFadden (Accident Analysis and Prevention 2001, 345-352) was influenced by publication bias and time-trend bias that was not controlled for. As a result, the analysis reported inflated estimates of the effects of bicycle helmets. This ...

The primary determinants of public health are political. Comparisons among countries have shown that the importance of public health within public institutions and the priorities given by those institutions depend on the power relations in existence in that society. Authors who attribute the limited influence of public health in the ...

This article released online on September 22, 2010 as advance publication was withdrawn at the request of the authors.

To examine the availability of beverages for sale in elementary schools. Nationally representative mail-back survey. US public and private elementary schools during the 2006-2007, 2007-2008, and 2008-2009 school years. Survey respondents at elementary schools. Main Outcome Measure  Availability of beverages offered in competitive venues and school lunches. Public elementary school ...

This study analyzes the relation between national identity and the appreciation of the characters and events of Peruvian history in a sample of public school teachers from the city of Lima (N = 99). Adapted versions of the NATID Scale (Keillor et al., 1996) and the CSES Scale (Luhtanen & ...

The story of Abraham Flexner's role in the founding of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, offers important insights into Flexner himself and valuable lessons for contemporary leaders in academic medicine. The authors review this remarkable achievement along with Flexner's other accomplishments in the 49 years he ...

Among rising rates of overweight and obesity, schools have become essential settings to promote health behaviors, such as physical activity (PA). As schools exist within a broader environment, the social ecological model (SEM) provided a framework to consider how different levels interact and influence PA. The purpose of this study ...

One way to address childhood obesity is to create outlets for children to engage in physical activity. Schools are well equipped to provide an active environment. However, some school boards and administrators are concerned about liability risks. This study describes the legal rules applicable to potential claims against public schools ...

The passage of Senate Bill 530 in June 2007 increased visibility about the importance of health-related fitness in Texas. As a result of the mandate, more than 2.6 million 3rd- through 12th-grade students from all Texas counties were evaluated between January 1, 2008, and June 1, 2008, using a standardized ...

Prior to 2009, influenza pandemic planners had primarily planned for a virus that would originate in a location other than North America, giving public health officials in the United States time to determine its severity before widespread disease occurred here. Thus, response plans for schools focused on closure in the ...

CONTEXT: Concern over liability is a barrier to allowing community use of school property for the purpose of engaging in active sport and recreational activities. Recreational user statutes have the potential to limit liability for public schools when use occurs outside of regular school hours, reduce the fear of liability ...

BACKGROUND: From January through June 2009, 6.1 million children were uninsured in the United States. On average, students with health insurance are healthier and as a result are more likely to be academically successful. Some schools help students obtain health insurance with the help of school nurses. METHODS: This study ...

Hand washing and hand antisepsis are proven infection control measures in the school setting, yet barriers such as lack of soap, paper towels, and hand sanitizer can hinder compliance. This pilot study measured the prevalence of hand cleaning supplies in public schools. Ten school districts (93 schools) participated in school ...

OBJECTIVE: We compared the prevalence of body weight categories between public and private schools in the Seychelles, a rapidly developing small island state in the African region. METHODS: In 2004-2006, weight and height were measured and self-reported information on physical activity collected in children of three selected grades in all ...

To assess the nutritional quality of prepared foods available to primary-school children. Prepared foods available in a public and private school were sampled daily for 4 weeks (a total of forty-five samples) and chemically analysed for protein, fat, carbohydrate, iron, salt and sodium. The results were compared to the nutritional ...

The 2009 pandemic of influenza A (H1N1) has disproportionately affected children and young adults, resulting in attention by public health officials and the news media on schools as important settings for disease transmission and spread. We aimed to characterize US schools affected by novel influenza A (H1N1) relative to other ...

During the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic in the United States, most cities responded by implementing community mitigation strategies, such as school closure. However, three cities--New York City, Chicago, and New Haven, Connecticut--diverged from the dominant pattern by keeping their public schools open while the pandemic raged. This article situates the experiences ...

The number of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts that can be found in random environmental samples is probably low; in addition, these cysts may be confused with Hammondia spp. and Neospora spp. oocysts. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the presence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil of ...

Toxocariasis is a worldwide public-health problem that poses major risks to children who may accidentally ingest embryonated eggs of Toxocara. The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in children and adolescents and the variables that may be involved, as well as environmental contamination ...

A Healthy People 2010 developmental objective (22-12) was set to increase the proportion of the nation's public and private schools that provide access to their physical activity spaces and facilities for all persons outside of normal school hours. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of indoor ...

Publication bias is an important factor that may result in selection bias and lead to overestimation of the intervention effect. In this study, the focus was on using capture-recapture method as a statistical procedure which may possibly be a practical means for measuring the amount of publication bias. A systematic ...

The purpose of this study was to descriptively compare the physical activity and dietary intake of public school (PSC) versus home schooled children (HSC). Potential parental and home influences were also examined. Thirty six matched pairs of public school-home school children aged 7-11 years participated in this study. Each participant ...

BACKGROUND: The international prevalence of childhood obesity and obesity-related diseases has received increasing attention. Applying data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we explore relationships between childhood obesity and school type, National School Lunch Program (NSLP) and School Breakfast Program (SBP) eligibility, membership in sports clubs and other ...

In 2005, the New York City (NYC) Department of Education (DOE) began reviewing its public school food policies to determine whether changes could help address the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity in NYC. DOE determined that reducing consumption of whole milk and increasing consumption of fat-free or low-fat milk could ...

Despite the centralised nature of the fiscal system in colonial India, public education expenditures varied dramatically across regions with the western and southern provinces spending three to four times as much as the eastern provinces. A significant portion of the inter-regional difference was due to historical differences in land taxes, ...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) was predominantly a hospital-acquired organism; recently, however, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) has been causing outbreaks in otherwise healthy individuals involved in athletics. As such, CA-MRSA is of emerging concern to sanitarians and public health officials. Secondary school athletic trainers and student athletes may be at elevated risk ...

Debra Askwith is a teacher, union member, and environmental health and safety activist in the public schools of Springfield, Massachusetts. In the following interview, she talks about her experiences organizing around the right to public information as a teacher and a union member. Working with the assistance of lawyers, she ...

This article describes the process of facilitating change to practice that is more client-centered and occupation-based in a diverse suburban public school district in the USA from 2001 to 2006. The author sets the context, describes the process that included the use of the School AMPS, and considers factors that ...

Policy decisions regarding the quality of the physical school environment-both, school siting and school facility planning policies-are often considered through the lens of environmental planning, public health, or education policy, but rarely through all three. Environmental planners consider environmental justice issues on a local level and/or consider the regional impact ...

In 1932, the Irish government, facing an economic downturn, introduced a marriage ban which required that female primary school teachers were required to resign on marriage. This followed a series of restrictive legislative measures adopted by Irish governments throughout the 1920s which sought to limit women's participation in public life ...

Previous research has established an association between residential segregation and violent crime in urban America. Our study examines whether school-based segregation is predictive of arrests of juveniles for violent crimes in U.S. metro areas. Using Census, Uniform Crime Report, and Common Core data for 204 metro areas, a measure of ...

Faculty members of schools of public health contribute to better health largely through their teaching, research, and community service roles. We suggest attention to another role: exerting their influence to ensure effective public health policy. Using recent actions taken at the University of Pittsburgh's Graduate School of Public Health as ...

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between pharmacy college/school affiliation and community pharmacies' involvement in immunization and emergency preparedness activities. METHODS: Telephone interviews were completed with 1,704 community pharmacies randomly sampled from 17 states to determine the pharmacies' involvement in immunization promotion, vaccine distribution, in-house immunization delivery, and health emergency preparedness ...

OBJECTIVES: To develop and implement a new course on public health into the bachelor of pharmacy (BPharm) curriculum in Malaysia. DESIGN: A required 2-credit-hour course was designed to provide an overview of public health pharmacy roles and the behavioral aspects of human healthcare issues. Graded activities included nursing home visits, ...

When the novel strain of A/H1N1 influenza first appeared in spring 2009, closing schools was initially a common and often challenging strategy implemented in many communities. Arguments for and against closing schools are likely to arise anew if influenza spikes in the fall of 2009. Policymakers and community officials considering ...

PURPOSE: This article focuses on various aspects of the beginnings of speech therapy offerings in America's public schools. It traces the pioneering professionals and significant milestones associated with diagnostic and therapy practices during the late 19th and early 20th century. The aim is to uncover the neglected history of public ...

BACKGROUND: Scientific publication is a vital mission of medical schools and it is important to periodically document how well schools fulfil this mission. AIMS: This study aimed to analyse the publication record of Libyan medical schools in international journals indexed in PubMed between 1988 and 2007. METHODS: Medline was searched ...

The objective of this commentary is to demonstrate the growing interest of state legislatures in adopting policies that promote physical activity in schools and communities through partnerships with school districts and local governments. Interviews were conducted with state legislators that have sponsored legislation enacted into law. The author and his ...

There is a broad consensus on the need for high-quality public health education and research to tackle the world's many public health challenges. Public health education and research are delivered by a variety of institutions operating very different models, which collectively can be called schools of public health. Given the ...

Schools of Public Health cannot sustain the national momentum for public health justice and human rights without recruiting and training a skilled public health workforce. With growing demand for public health workers, schools must work to increase their applicant pools. This project examined prospect communication materials from accredited Schools of ...

Together with other nonpharmaceutical interventions in response to pandemic influenza or other public health emergencies, communitywide closure of schools (grades K-12) for up to several weeks may mitigate the impacts of pandemic flu or other public health threats across populations. Though debatable, the public health premise is that closing schools ...

We describe our experience of an inter-university partnership among six historically Black colleges and a research university in South Carolina to address health disparities. The program offered fellowships to African American students, from high school through graduate programs, along with structured learning experiences in public health advocacy, practice, and research.

Background: Schistosoma mansoni was observed and reported in Kuluva hospital Arua District in north western Uganda as early as 1902. S. mansoni is widely distributed in Uganda along permanent water bodies. Objective: To review the litreture on scistosomiasis in Uganda, since 1902. Method: The core literature for this short review ...

BACKGROUND: Scholarship is an essential component of academic pharmacy. Department chairs are considered role models and mentors to junior faculty, but their publication record has not been documented. OBJECTIVE: To quantify publication patterns of pharmacy practice chairs in general and, specifically, at health sciences center (HSC)-based versus non-HSC-based and public ...

In 2003, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended voluntary certification of graduates achieving the Master of Public Health degree. The Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH), the American Public Health Association, the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials, the National Association of County and City Health Officials, and ...