Over the last decade, driver distractions, such as cell phone use and texting, have become a significant contributor to roadway crashes. Some states now have legislation that severely restricts or bans driver activities deemed distracting. However, many policies and engineered countermeasures are based on self-reported crash data. This raises the ...

Objectives. We examined the extent to which differential traffic volume and road geometry can explain social inequalities in pedestrian, cyclist, and motor vehicle occupant injuries across wealthy and poor urban areas. Methods. We performed a multilevel observational study of all road users injured over 5 years (n = 19 568) at intersections (n = 17 498) ...

Yearly, more than 1.2 million people are killed by road traffic injuries (RTIs) around the globe, and another 20 to 50 million are injured. The global burden of RTIs is predicted to rise. We explored the need for concerted action for global road safety and propose characteristics of an effective ...

Injuries are not accidents, so in public health we search for their causes to improve prevention. The best of these efforts seek to identify root causes, avoiding the more limited approach that stops at the level of "the human" responsible for "the error." Attention is directed to the variety of ...

We examined health disparities among American Indian men and boys within the framework of historical trauma, which incorporates the historical context of collective massive group trauma across generations. We reviewed the impact of collective traumatic experiences among Lakota men, who have faced cross-generational challenges to enacting traditional tribal roles. We ...

Home injuries are a significant public health problem in developed and developing countries. To support future policies for reducing their occurrence and controlling their consequences, this study investigated the home injuries situation in Italy in 1999, using a nation-representative sample. The weighted correspondence analysis showed four different patterns of injury ...

This is the first study to assess sport concussion knowledge and the effect of sport concussion self-report on knowledge in the UK general public. In the online survey, participants (n = 227) stated personal sport concussion history, injury indicators, and rated 26 injury statements for truthfulness using definite (true, false) ...

The objective of the present research was to compare the severity of playground-related injuries in backyards of home with those occurring in public settings. This case-control study used emergency-based surveillance data from Canada regarding children, 3-11 years old, who were injured after falling from playground equipment (PGE). Cases were those ...

Objective. To identify contemporary trends in female authorship in the otolaryngology literature.Study Design. Analysis of 4 otolaryngology journals.Setting. All articles published in Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Laryngoscope, and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery in 2008 were reviewed and compared with prior data from ...

OBJECTIVES: Pedestrian and pedal cycle injuries are important causes of child morbidity and mortality. The combination of Bayesian methods and geographical distribution maps may assist public health practitioners to identify communities at high risk of injury. METHODS: Data were obtained on all hospitalizations of children from NSW (Australia), for pedestrian ...

Trauma is a leading cause of death and disability around the world. Injuries are responsible for about six million deaths annually, of which ninety percent occur in developing countries. In Iran, injuries are the most common cause of death among age groups below fifty. Trauma system development is a systematic ...

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), also known as concussion, is an emerging public health issue in the United States. The estimated annual 1.2 million individuals who sustain this injury face a range of cognitive, psychological, and physical consequences for which rehabilitation protocols are being developed and implemented. On the frontlines ...

ObjectivesExploring the characteristics of recommendations generated from medicolegal death investigations is an important step towards improving their contribution to injury prevention. This study aimed to: (1) quantify coroners' recommendations; and (2) examine the nature of these recommendations according to public health principles of injury causation and prevention.MethodsDeaths where coroners' recommendations ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: After the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997, the registration of all clinical trials became mandatory prior to publication. Our primary objective was to determine publication rates for orthopaedic trauma trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. We further evaluated methodological consistency between registration and publication. METHODS: We searched ...

Recent publications link mitophagy mediated by PINK1 and Parkin with cardioprotection and attenuation of inflammation and cell death. The field is in need of methods to monitor mitochondrial turnover in vivo to support the development of new therapies targeting mitochondrial turnover.

Mopeds have less stringent licensing laws than automobiles. Moped operators in motorized vehicle collisions (MVCs) exhibit significantly higher rates of driving while intoxicated (DWI) and higher blood alcohol levels than automobile or motorcycle operators. This study evaluates the public safety issue of DWI recidivism among moped operators. Moped operators evaluated ...

The trauma caused by motorcycle accidents affects a large number of victims and is a serious public health problem in Brazil. This documental study was performed with a quantitative approach with the objective to raise epidemiological data from 554 motorcycle accident victims assisted in September and October 2006 in a ...

Objectives. We evaluated the effects of bicycle lanes on different categories of crashes (total crashes, bicyclist crashes, pedestrian crashes, multiple-vehicle crashes, and injurious or fatal crashes) occurring on roadway segments and at intersections in New York City. Methods. We used generalized estimating equation methodology to compare changes in police-reported crashes ...

On June 29, 1995, the Sampoong Department Store in Seoul, South Korea, completely collapsed. It was a five story reinforced concrete (RC) building with underground 4 floors and was built using a technique called "flat slab construction". The collapse is the largest peacetime disaster in South Korean history - 502 ...

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is an odorless and colorless gas that is a mixture of hydrocarbons (propane and butane). It is now more commonly preferred among drivers as an autogas throughout the world because it is cheaper than petrol or diesel and produces the same amount of energy. Because of ...

INTRODUCTION: The quality of abstracts presented at medical conferences reflects the scientific activity in the organisations involved. The aims of this study were to evaluate the publication rate of studies presented at the annual congress of the German Society of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery and to investigate predictive factors for ...

Canada is consistently ranked as one of the best places to live in the world. A crucial part of this view is based on Canada's approach to public health, which has achieved measurable results in the rate reduction of some leading causes of disease and death. It is therefore surprising ...

Sports injuries are an important public health issue. A multi-agency key stakeholder partnership was formed to develop a state-wide response to sports injury prevention in New South Wales, Australia. This study evaluated the partnership approach to injury prevention policy development. The partnership approach to policy development was evaluated pre- and ...

Solid waste collection is among the occupations with the highest risk for injuries and illnesses. Solid waste collector injuries were characterized in terms of injury risk and employment industry sector (public versus private) using Kentucky workers' compensation first reports of injury and claims data. When compared to 35-44-year-old workers, solid ...

Amid controversy regarding the psychobiological construct of dissociation, efforts to formulate a precise definition of dissociation are rare. Some understandings of dissociation are so broad that a host of common psychobiological phenomena would qualify as dissociative. Overly narrow conceptualizations of dissociation exclude phenomena that originally, and for good reasons, have ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Road traffic injuries are a serious public health problem worldwide. The incidence rate of fatal road traffic injuries is 26.4 per 100000 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Road traffic injuries are a major public health problem in Iran. Different routine sources are available for road traffic injuries in ...

To evaluate the need for the creation of a system in which observational epidemiology studies are registered; an Observational Studies Register (OSR). The current scientific process for observational epidemiology studies is described. Next, a parallel is made with the clinical trials area, where the creation of clinical trial registers has ...

To assess the proportion of papers presented at the XXI Panamerican Congress of Trauma, VIII Congress of the Brazilian Society of Integrated Assistance to the Traumatized (SBAIT) and X Brazilian Congress of Trauma Leagues (CoLT) that were published in full. In the events cited, based in Campinas in 2008, 347 ...

The World Health Organization estimates injuries accounted for more than 5 million deaths in 2004, significantly impacting the global burden of disease. Nearly 3.9 million of these deaths were due to unintentional injury, a cause also responsible for more than 138 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost in the same ...

In this paper we set out what we consider to be a set of best practices for statisticians in the reporting of pharmaceutical industry-sponsored clinical trials. We make eight recommendations covering: author responsibilities and recognition; publication timing; conflicts of interest; freedom to act; full author access to data; trial registration ...

The Clinical Pathway (in its complete definition Diagnostic, Clinical and Therapeutic Pathway - Percorso Diagnostico Terapeutico Assistenziale - PDTA), originally started to deal with the newly diagnosed hypertensive patient, developed also recommendations for the first-line drugs in case of specific indications/contraindications and organ damages. It has been developed by a ...

Primary objective: The primary objective was to investigate the public's general knowledge about concussion (mild traumatic brain injury) and to examine whether terminology influenced attributions made about individuals who experience concussion. Design: A random selection of the community was polled to identify public understanding of concussion. To encourage candid responses, ...

In the days immediately following the terror attacks of 9/11, thousands of Americans chose to drive rather than to fly. We analyzed highway accident data to determine whether or not the number of fatalities and injuries following 9/11 differed from those in the same time period in 2000 and 2002. ...

Objective: Pediculosis capitis is a worldwide public health concern, and today, head lice are seen in all socio-economic levels. The infestation usually occurs by head-to-head contact and children, primarily girls, aged 3-12 years are mostly affected. In the present study a total of 405 pupils (214 boys and 191 girls) ...

ICH is a disease with high rates of mortality and morbidity, with a substantial public health impact. Spontaneous ICH (sICH) has been extensively studied, and a large body of data has been accumulated on its pathophysiology. However, the literature on traumatic ICH (tICH) is limited, and further investigations of this ...

In 1993 Congress passed the NIH Revitalization Act, which instructed the Director of the NIH to ensure that phase III clinical trials are 'designed and carried out in a manner sufficient to provide for a valid analysis of whether the variables being studied in the trial affect females or members ...

Internet addiction is not formally recognised as a clinical disorder by the WHO despite increasing evidence that excessive internet use can interfere with daily life and work. There is increasing pressure from Psychologists for Internet addiction to be recognised. This article explores the prevalence, symptoms and management of Internet addiction ...

The publication of the updated individual patient data meta-analysis of the larger randomised trials of intravenous rt-PA for acute ischaemic stroke has re-opened the debate about how the treatment should be used in routine practice, and what information can be expected to emerge in the next 2-3 years from the ...

Only 53% and 63% of studies and clinical trials results presented at congresses are published. Company-sponsored trial results are being posted on publicly accessible Web sites. We analyzed the public availability (publication or posting on a Web site) rate, time to publication, and factors predicting public availability of results of ...

Although indicators of central obesity have been suggested as a better alternative to body mass index (BMI), yet mixed results exist. This study examined whether waist circumference (WC) was better in identifying metabolic disorders than BMI at two time points. This study used nationally representative 1998 and 2005 Korea National ...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with concomitant CKD is an emerging clinical and public health problem reaching epidemic proportions in the United States. Achieving and maintaining glycemic targets in clinical practice are significant challenges in majority of the patients with T2DM and CKD, and this has created significant barriers for ...

When Archie Cochrane reproached the medical profession for not having critical summaries of all randomised controlled trials, about 14 reports of trials were being published per day. There are now 75 trials, and 11 systematic reviews of trials, per day and a plateau in growth has not yet been reached. ...

The prevalence and public health importance of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as its impact on public health has led various groups to develop clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). Clinical practice guidelines are systematically developed statements designed to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances. ...

Clinical trial registries are in widespread use to promote transparency around trials and their results. To describe characteristics of drug trials listed in ClinicalTrials.gov and examine whether the funding source of these trials is associated with favorable published outcomes. An observational study of safety and efficacy trials for anticholesteremics, antidepressants, ...

The commentary published in this edition of the journal addresses several important issues concerning the clinical practice guideline for hoarseness, which has engendered some controversy since its publication. This response addresses those issues.

BACKGROUND: No national South African institution provides a coherent suite of support, available skills and training for clinicians wishing to conduct randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the public sector. We report on a study to assess the need for establishing a national South African Clinical Trials Support Unit. OBJECTIVES: To ...

To provide a clinician's perspective on the problem of diversion of prescribed pharmaceuticals. The paper provides a personal account of working in a treatment context where diversion from opioid substitution treatment (OST) became a political issue potentially compromising the continued delivery of OST. It summarizes evidence on the impact of ...

Although bias in scientific reporting has been the focus of prior commentary, more insidious aspects of such bias often escape attention by authors, reviewers, editorial boards, and commentators. Such bias is no longer simply academic because health care policy, which is increasingly predicated upon evidence-based scientific literature, may be adversely ...

Randomized controlled clinical trials offer the best evidence for changing clinical practice and informing public health policy. Using examples from the literature, this paper reviews clinical trials for those who may be unfamiliar with their design, operation, and interpretation. In the design of a clinical trial, the question to be ...

The 11th biannual report of the Cochrane Haematological Malignancies Group highlights recently published randomized controlled trials in the field of hemato-oncology that were identified through the continuous systematic search of MEDLINE. For this electronic search, a broad search filter covering all topics in hemato-oncology was combined with a highly sensitive ...