The expression of a range of surface molecules/receptors that are important in the host response to infection and foreign antigens was examined using peritoneal macrophages isolated from patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with peritonitis. The macrophage phenotypic profile was compared with that of normal peripheral blood monocytes. Consistently ...

The cyanine photosensitizer, lumin, is a potent macrophage activating agent: 4 days after administration of small amounts of lumin to mice (20-40 ng mouse-1), peritoneal macrophages exhibited a greatly enhanced Fc-mediated ingestion activity; higher doses (more than 3000 ng mouse-1) did not have this effect. The in vitro photodynamic activation ...

Whether cytokines present in human peritoneal fluid reduce sperm motility, and thus contribute to infertility, is investigated. The human recombinant cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1-alpha, and interferon-gamma, were incubated with motile human sperm obtained from fertile men and separated by the swim-up technique. These cytokines, alone or in combination, in ...

The ability of peripheral blood monocytes, granulocytes and resident peritoneal macrophages to generate hydrogen peroxide in response to concanavalin A was enhanced by a single intravenous injection of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) of recombinant human type in AKR mice. In response to phorbol myristate acetate, only granulocytes and resident peritoneal ...

In the milky spots, precursors of cells belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), such as monoblasts, can be found on the basis of ultrastructural endogenous peroxidase cytochemistry. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the milky spots using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, especially antibodies (ER-MP) that recognize macrophage ...

In a previous report dealing with the guanidine hydrochloride protocol for the extraction of RNA from mouse peritoneal macrophages, we identified a major source of RNA-degrading activity and showed that its removal early in the extraction procedure resulted in a more dependable method for the recovery of high-quality RNA. This ...

The present study describes the in vivo effects of anti-leprosy drugs on rat peritoneal macrophages and T-cell homeostasis. It was observed that BCG-elicited rat peritoneal macrophages produced more H2O2 and expressed more Ia antigen on their cell surfaces compared with resident peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, elicited macrophages isolated from rats administered ...

We have isolated an 18-kDa peptide (designated sp18, for 18-kDa secreted protein) from the conditioned medium of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Purified sp18 had in vivo inflammatory activity and in vitro chemotactic activity for human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. Surprisingly, N-terminal sequencing and tryptic mapping studies revealed ...

OBJECTIVE: The peritoneal fluid cell responses to the available barriers used to prevent postoperative adhesions, oxidized regenerated cellulose (interceed) and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-Tex Surgical Membrane), were compared. STUDY DESIGN: Oxidized regenerated cellulose and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene were inserted into the peritoneal cavity of mice and the peritoneal fluid cell number, differential ...

Peritoneal phagocytic cells when stimulated by Schistosoma mansoni infection in this study, exhibited a sudden increase in oxygen consumption known as a respiratory burst. This resulted in the production of toxic oxygen metabolites (H2O2 and others). The level of this toxic oxygen metabolites (chemiluminescence/cells) in normal mice and in mice ...

The purpose of this study was to determine if a structurally novel dual inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism, SK & F 86002, would inhibit the endotoxin-induced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity by equine peritoneal macrophages. Equine peritoneal macrophages were variously pretreated for 0, 0.5 and 2 h with ...

The possibility of transdifferentiation of macrophages into fibroblasts which could be at the origin of fibrotic tissue in schistosome-infected mice was studied using immunocytochemical techniques. Macrophage cell samples extracted from the peritoneal cavity of schistosome-infected mice were fractionated on a Percoll gradient. The cultures were purified by treatment with a ...

The various studies cited here clearly demonstrate that peritoneal dialysis solutions reduce the viability of leukocytes and mesothelial cells, and compromise their capacity for phagocytosis, bacterial killing, and production of cytokines. The inhibitory capacity of the CAPD fluids appears to be related to their low pH, high osmolality, and high ...

The diurnal rhythms of monocyte count in the peripheral blood and the nonspecific activities of peritoneal macrophages were investigated in 6- to 12-wk-old White Leghorn chicks. It was evident that monocyte count and activities of peritoneal macrophages, i.e., phagocytosis and microbicidal activity, showed clear diurnal rhythms. The rhythmic pattern of ...

Mouse peritoneal macrophages readily oxidize cholesteryl linoleate/bovine serum albumin emulsions to produce soluble lipid oxidation products, some of the latter being thought to cause cell damage. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were therefore incubated in the presence of cholesteryl linoleate/bovine serum albumin emulsion with and without the addition of dl-alpha tocopherol. The ...

An important component of the cell-mediated immune response often is the migration of macrophages to the site of immune activity. Although much evidence suggests that macrophage migration is regulated by antigen-specific T cells, the influence of T cell-derived cytokines on macrophage chemotaxis has not been well studied. Here we present ...

Murine peritoneal macrophages (M phi s), induced with stimuli such as thioglycollate, zymosan A, OK-432, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), or live Mycobacterium intracellulare, showed varying levels of inhibitory activity against the concanavalin A (Con A) blastogenic response of splenic T cells. All test M phi s significantly inhibited the interleukin 2 ...

Obioactin, Lonomycin A, muramyl dipeptide, and scavengers of hydrogen radicals and of singlet oxygen were used to study the participation of.OH and 1O2 in the killing of Toxoplasma in cultures of glycogen-induced peritoneal macrophages. Both the scavengers of OH (diazabicyclooctane and histidine) and those of 1O2 (mannitol and sodium benzoate) ...

Fumonisin-B1 (FB1) is one of the recently discovered metabolites of Fusarium moniliforme (Sheldon) occurring naturally in infected corn. It is hepatocarcinogenic and causes death in several animal species including rats, horses, swine, and ducklings. In the present study, chicken peritoneal macrophages (PM) and a chicken macrophage cell line, MQ-NCSU, were ...

A marked reduction of [3H]-uridine uptake was observed when mouse peritoneal macrophages (pM phi) were exposed to heat-killed Candida albicans or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By contrast, an increased nucleoside uptake was promoted by yeast products such as zymosan, laminarin, or yeast cell-wall extracts, which are mainly composed of beta-glucans and alpha-mannans. ...

Studies indicate that simple hemorrhage produces a profound depression of cell-mediated immunity, thereby contributing to an enhanced susceptibility to septic challenge in the host. However, it remains unknown whether or not the macrophages' cytotoxic capacity is altered after hemorrhage. To study this, C3H/HeN mice were bled to and maintained at ...

Although rat peritoneal neutrophils in the presence of cytochalasin B demonstrate superoxide (O2-) responses to the chemotactic peptide N'-formyl-met-leu-phe (FMLP), neither elicited rat peritoneal macrophages nor rat alveolar macrophages show an O2- response to FMLP (in the presence or absence of cytochalasin B), although a good O2- response to opsonized ...

When mouse resident peritoneal macrophages were cultured with PSK (Krestin), a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from Coriolus versicolor, they became enlarged and elongated and expressed higher NBT-reducing activity. PSK stimulated the production of differentiation-inducing factor and cytotoxic factor by the mouse macrophage-like cell line J774.1, and iodination (incorporation of radioactive iodine ...

The peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with infertility (especially in the presence of endometriosis) contains increased numbers of leukocytes, 90% to 95% of which are macrophages. The high numbers of peritoneal macrophages presumably result from an influx of blood monocytes into the peritoneum, and/or from local proliferation of peritoneal macrophages. ...

In vitro treatment of mouse peritoneal cells (mixture of adherent and nonadherent cells) with lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-Pc) in 10% FCS supplemented medium RPMI 1640 results in a greatly enhanced FcR-mediated phagocytic activity of macrophages. This macrophage-activation process requires a serum factor. Fractionation studies with starch block electrophoresis of fetal calf and ...

Whether phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by polymorphonuclear neutrophils, monocytes, and peritoneal macrophages takes place when the staphylococci are adherent to monolayers of human mesothelial cells in the absence of opsonins was investigated. Adherence of S aureus to mesothelial monolayers increased significantly when the bacteria were opsonised with pooled human serum, ...

Oral administration of dodecylglycerol, inflammatory product of cancerous tissues, and the alkyl lysophospholipid derivative, 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3-choline), greatly activated mouse peritoneal macrophages. The activation was dose related and was assessed as increased Fc-mediated ingestion of red blood cells, superoxide production, chemiluminescence activity, and incorporation of radioactive thymidine and leucine. Furthermore, the ...

Many experimental and clinical findings indicate a disimmune pathogenesis of infertility associated with endometriosis. The most important modifications of cell-mediated immunity in endometriosis concern macrophage activity, increased both quantitatively and qualitatively. Peritoneal macrophages (PM) acquire the ability of producing lytic enzymes, that would be able to enhancing and stimulating implantation ...

The metabolism of arachidonic acid, by isolated peritoneal macrophages in response to stimulation with microorganisms isolated from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, is not specific to the individual strain but is determined by species. Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (n = 7) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 13) produced a ...

The immune defense mechanisms of fish are not as well characterized as those of mammals but seem to be related and similarly competent. Because of this, there is an increased interest in the immune responses of fish as models for higher vertebrates in immunotoxicological studies. Prior to such studies, baseline ...

We determined whether endogenously produced PGE2 can down-regulate the tumoricidal properties of macrophages by a negative feedback mechanism. Peritoneal exudate macrophages or resident peritoneal macrophages of mice were incubated in medium (control) or in medium containing IFN-gamma and LPS. Activated macrophages were highly tumoricidal against syngeneic melanoma cells and secreted ...

Human interleukin-4 (IL-4) down-regulates IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production by monocytes stimulated in vitro. In contrast, in studies of activation of murine macrophages, both stimulatory and inhibitory functions of murine IL-4 have been documented. To investigate whether opposing activities of IL-4 reflect a difference in the target cell ...

A protein-bound polysaccharide, PSK, extracted from the mycelium of Coriolus versicolor (Fr.) Quel, has been recognized for its host-mediated induction of antitumor and antimicrobial activities in mice. Intravenous administration of PSK, in association with OK-432 (Picibanil), transiently induced endogenous production of a cytotoxic factor (CF) (possibly tumor necrosis factor, TNF) ...

Although present consensus holds that endometriosis-associated subfertility is the result of an adverse effect of hyperactivated macrophages on early reproductive events, most treatments for endometriosis are directed at the suppression of endometriotic implants. We hypothesized that periovulatory immunomodulation of macrophage activation and inflammatory mediator production might be a more effective ...

Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressor without myelotoxicity. It is thought that its effect is mediated by inhibition of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor expression in lymphocytes. We have recently described that CsA reduces phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-dependent superoxide anion and H2O2 production by resident mice macrophages in vitro. The present work ...

Single graded doses of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol of 2 and 4 micrograms were added intraperitoneally into the overnight 1.5% glucose dialysate of 6 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The effect on peritoneal macrophage chemotaxis and random migration was studied and compared with the baseline when no 1,25-(OH)2D3 was added. No consistent ...

Tumour-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are usually obtained after immunization in vivo and restimulation of immune cells in vitro. We here describe the generation of syngeneic tumour-specific CTL within no more than 9 days by priming and restimulation in vivo. This is achieved only if the correct sites are used ...

We have reported previously that human peritoneal macrophages collected from patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) during an episode of peritonitis secrete increased amounts of interleukin-1 (IL-1), as compared to those collected during an infection free period, provided the cells were stimulated in vitro by LPS. We now report ...

The effect of orally administered OK-432, a streptococcal preparation, on the function of peritoneal macrophages in mice was examined. The administration of OK-432 orally (1 KE or 2 KE, four times every three days) did not affect the numbers of both total peritoneal cells and macrophages recovered five days after ...

1. We have analysed the glycosaminoglycan patterns of peritoneal and bone marrow-derived macrophages obtained from four different mouse strains which are resistant (A/J) or susceptible (BALB/c, DBA and C-57) to murine hepatitis virus type 3 (MHV3) infection. The glycosaminoglycans were biosynthetically labelled by exposing the macrophages to 35S-sulphate. The medium ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of alprazolam on the response of murine immune cells. Splenic cells of young BALB/c mice were first cultured with an optimum dose of various mitogens in the presence or absence of varying doses of alprazolam to assess effects of alprazolam ...

Previous results demonstrated that mice exposed in vivo to DMN were more resistant to both bacterial and tumor challenges. Furthermore, macrophages (M phi) isolated from these animals demonstrated increased functional properties. As reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) represent a key mechanism of anti-microbial action, it was important to determine whether ROI ...

The avian inflammatory response to intraperitoneal (i.p.) Sephadex injection produces macrophages which display characteristics of an increasingly activated state over time. We examined elicited chicken peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) with respect to superoxide anion production, arachidonic acid metabolism and cell surface Ia and transferrin receptor (TfR) expression from 4 to ...

The host cell-mediated immune response was examined following experimentally-induced infection of rats with Dermatophilus congolensis, the causal agent of the skin disease dermatophilosis. Mononuclear cells (MC) isolated from Wistar rats 10 days following the induction of a third infection underwent a strong and specific proliferative response, as assessed by a ...

We reported previously that benzodiazepines, widely prescribed for their anxiolytic properties, bind to specific receptors on macrophages and modulate in vitro their metabolic oxidative responsiveness. This study was designed to investigate the in vivo effects of benzodiazepine molecules on several macrophage functions. Benzodiazepines injected i.p. exerted a long-lasting inhibition on ...

Two populations of efficiently phagocytic and bacteriolytic cells have been defined in the peritoneal cavity following infection of mice with Listeria monocytogenes. One was the result of a transient inflammatory response 2 days after intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection. It consisted of a mixture of monocyte/macrophages and neurotrophils which, when separated on ...

The effects of quinones (benzoquinone, menadione, and doxorubicin) on the superoxide production in cell free systems (xanthine oxidase and rat liver microsomes) and of polycationic electrolyte- and latex-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages have been studied. Contradictory results were obtained in cell free systems when two traditional assays for detection of superoxide ...

The enzyme xanthine oxidase participates in the pathogenesis of tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury by depleting purine pools and generating toxic oxygen metabolites. The role of xanthine oxidase in inflammatory cell populations has not been defined. We examined the level of xanthine oxidase activity expressed by murine leukocytes both in the resting ...

Oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol are potent immunosuppressors. It has been reported previously that 7,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7,25-OHC), synthesized in the URA31, strongly inhibits the early steps of T-cell activation. So far, the mechanisms underlying this type of effect have been mainly investigated in vitro, and the activity of these substances on the ...

Macrophages release pro-inflammatory substances that may augment intravascular coagulopathy associated with endotoxemia. In the present study, the effect of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin on expression of procoagulant activity (PCA), eicosanoid metabolism, and production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by rat peritoneal macrophages was determined. Endotoxin induced significant dose-dependent increases in the ...