Abstract Background Triphala is commonly used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat variety of diseases; however its mechanism of action remains unexplored. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism of Triphala against human pancreatic cancer in the cellular and in vivo model. Methods Growth-inhibitory effects of Triphala were evaluated in Capan-2, BxPC-3 ...

Dietary flavonoids have antioxidant and antitumor promoting effects. Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) is a flavonoid-rich herbal medicine and has long been used as a food additive and an antitumor agent in Korea. Previous study demonstrated that a purified flavonoid fraction prepared from RVS, herein named RCMF (the RVS chloroform-methanol fraction), ...

Mitochondrial localization of p53 in the absence of apoptosis The tumor suppressor p53 is known to trigger apoptosis in response to various death stimuli by transactivation of target genes. Additionally, a transcription-independent mechanism was postulated recently to contribute to p53-induced apoptosis. With regard to this, it was for instance demonstrated ...

Mammalian Pleiotropic Regulator PLRG-1 was initially identified as a component of the spliceosome and belongs to a highly conserved family of seven WD40 domain containing proteins in eukaryotes (Ajuh et al., 2000; Ajuh et al., 2001). Founding members of this WD40-repeat protein family, PRL1 and PRL2, were first identified by ...

In this paper, our current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the induction of bystander effects by low dose low LET ionising radiation is reviewed and the question of how bystander effects may be related to observed adaptive responses or other protective effects of low doses exposures is considered. Bystander effects ...

aB-crystallin, a major small heat shock protein, has recently been shown to exert inhibitory effects on apoptosis, while the responsible mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present study, we discovered that aB-crystallin protected mouse myoblast C2C12 cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. During hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis, aBcrystallin showed that it decreased ...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005.

The concept of programmed cell death has been increasingly considered from various aspects since early 1970’s. Primarily, knowledge of apoptosis referred to morphological changes in which chromatin is condensed and increasingly fragmented, revealed as small structure in the nucleus. The membrane shrinks and the cell becomes dense as can be ...

The purpose of this research is to gain a better understanding of the biochemical pathways and molecular targets for the selective induction of apoptosis signaling and execution of PCa cells by methyl selenium (Se)/selenol We hypothesized that methyl inhibits PI3K-AKT survival pathway leading to the activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis execution ...

Abstract: Endogenous estrogens have significant immunomodulatory effects characterized as suppression of cell mediated immunity and stimulation of humoral immunity. Xenoestrogens are environmental estrogens that have endocrine impact, acting as estrogen agonists and antagonists but whose immune effects are not well characterized. Using CD4+ Jurkat T cells as a model, the ...

Adenoviruses have proven to be particularly helpful in unraveling the intricacies of cell growth regulation and apoptosis, greatly increasing our understanding of oncogenesis. At the onset of this work, adenoviruses were thought to induce apoptosis via a p53-dependent cell death pathway exclusively, and we set out to develop an assay ...

In this thesis, the effects of an active analog of cyclophosphamide (4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, 4OOH-CPA), an alkylating agent and teratogen, on mouse limb development, cell death and the role of the p53 gene in this process were studied. A mouse limb bud culture system was used for this purpose. Limbs developed normally ...

The Ink4a/Arf locus encodes p16Ink4a and p19Arf and is among the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor loci in human cancer. In mice, many of these effects appear to be mediated by interactions between p19Arf and the p53 tumor-suppressor protein. Because Tp53 mutations are a common feature of the multistep pre-B ...

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), a major cyclooxygenase product in a variety of tissues and cells, readily undergoes dehydration to yield the bioactive cyclopentenone-type PGs of the J2-series, such as 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2). The observation that the level of 15d-PGJ2 increased in the tissue cells from patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis suggested ...

Retrotransposition of human LINE-1 (L1) element, a major representative non-LTR retrotransposon in the human genome, is known to be a source of insertional mutagenesis. However, nothing is known about effects of L1 retrotransposition on cell growth and differentiation. To investigate the potential for such biological effects and the impact that ...

TP63, an important epithelial developmental gene, has significant homology to p53. Unlike p53, the expression of p63 is regulated by two different promoters resulting in proteins with opposite functions: the full-length transcriptionally active TAp63 and the dominant-negative ΔNp63. We investigated the downstream mechanisms by which TAp63α elicits apoptosis. TAp63α directly ...

The members of the E2F family of transcription factors are key regulators of genes involved in cell cycle progression, cell fate determination, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis. Many cell-based experiments suggest that E2F1 is a stronger inducer of apoptosis than the other E2Fs. Our previous work identified the E2F1 marked ...

Although p73 is a structural and functional homologue of the tumor-suppressor gene p53, it is not mutated in many human cancers as p53. Besides, p73 was shown to be activated by only a subset of signals that activate p53, such as γ-irradiation and cisplatin, but not by other common genotoxic ...

Malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MPMs) are usually wild type for the p53 gene but contain homozygous deletions in the INK4A locus that encodes p14ARF, an inhibitor of p53-MDM2 interaction. Previous findings suggest that lack of p14ARF expression and the presence of SV40 large T antigen (L-Tag) result in p53 inactivation in ...

Aims: Colonocytes were derived from wild-type (wt) and p53 deficient mice to investigate p53 dependent and independent death pathways after cisplatin treatment, and the role of p53 in growth regulation of primary, untransformed epithelial cells.