We report a case of mid-dermal elastolysis in which dermal inflammation was a mild but definite feature. The aetiology of this condition remains unknown, although inflammatory destruction of elastic fibres appears to be the final result. In this study, areas of inflammation exhibited features of a specific immune response, with ...

Beryllium-specific lymphocytes were generated by in vitro immunization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy unexposed individuals. Measurement of blastogenic responses of PBMC by [3H]thymidine uptake demonstrated that sensitization of PBMC with beryllium salts followed by stimulation with unrelated salts resulted in a negative response, whereas sensitization and restimulation ...

This study was performed to investigate the aspects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in both the gingival tissue and the peripheral blood of patients with periodontal disease and of periodontally healthy subjects. In addition, IL-6 expression in human gingival tissues was studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and by immunoperoxidase ...

There is little doubt that the interaction between the host immune mechanisms and putative periodontal bacteria is fundamental in the clinical manifestations of the different forms of adult chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Recent work regarding the function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils indicates that, in addition to their established protective and destructive ...

Recent research on the immunopathogenesis of marginal periodontitis has focused on cytokines, because these mediators govern biological activities in inflammatory tissue destruction. Several studies have been carried out to elucidate the involvement of cytokines in periodontitis, including cytokine measurements in samples from gingival tissue, gingival crevicular fluid, and in supernatants ...

In this paper, we review the relevant aspects of host responses in periodontal diseases as we understand them today. Discussion will focus on neutrophil function, lymphocytes and the immune response, macrophage function, cytokines and complement, fibroblasts and growth factors, and regeneration. Recent literature and concepts will be presented with an ...

Periodontal disease is the general description given to the inflammatory response of the gingiva and underlying connective tissue to bacterial accumulations (dental plaque) on the teeth. A limited number of cultivable species are usually associated with periodontal disease. The majority of putative periodontal pathogens are gram-negative anaerobic rods. Some of ...

Cells in normal tissue progress through programs of growth, differentiation, and death. Many of the signals that start and stop this process are initiated by growth factors produced by other cells or by the resident cells. This network of intercellular signaling represents the basis for establishing and maintaining normal tissue ...

Traditional clinical variables of periodontal pathology have only limited value as indicators for future disease progression in patients with adult periodontitis. Consequently, other aspects of the periodontal lesion are being examined for their diagnostic utility. Analysis of the host response in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is among the most intensely ...

The easily solubilized surface-associated material from three bacterial species associated with periodontal diseases, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Eikenella corrodens, produced dose-dependent inhibition of thymidine incorporation by human fibroblasts, the human monocytic cell line U937 and guinea pig epidermal cells. In contrast, lipopolysaccharides from A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were ...

In periodontal diseases, bacteria trigger inflammatory host responses which, along with the direct destructive effects of the bacteria, cause most of the tissue destruction. Periodontal inflammatory responses are, by and large, immunologic, and our understanding of these reactions has been advanced by the explosion of knowledge in immunobiology, some of ...

During the past few years, a considerable number of studies have examined different aspects of the host response in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), including the relationship of specific markers to the active phases of periodontal disease. Various indicators of the acute inflammatory response (the lysosomal enzymes beta-glucuronidase and collagenase, the ...

Histologic similarities exist between the tissues involved in the extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves' disease, namely ophthalmopathy and pretibial dermopathy. Both conditions are characterized by an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and an infiltration of lymphocytes. We have shown that interleukin-1 and transforming growth factor-beta, cytokines released by the local inflammatory cell ...

Retroocular and pretibial fibroblasts are likely important effector cells in Graves' ophthalmopathy and pretibial dermopathy. Histologic similarities exist between the tissues involved in these clinically diverse extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves' disease. Both conditions are characterized by an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and an infiltration of lymphocytes. We have shown that ...

The control of potentially periodontopathic microorganisms by host neutrophils is crucial to periodontal health. Neutrophils may use oxidative or nonoxidative mechanisms and either kill bacteria, influence bacterial growth, or modify bacterial colonization in the periodontium. Delivery of antimicrobial substances by neutrophils involves respiratory burst activity, phagocytosis, secretion, or cytolysis/apoptosis. Neutrophils ...

In this study, we have assessed four strains of Prevotella intermedia, isolated from periodontally involved lesions, for their ability to inhibit lymphocyte functions. All four strains were found to cause a dose-dependent inhibition of B- and T-cell proliferation in response to mitogens and antigens. This was reflected in altered DNA, ...

Two VLA proteins (or beta 1 integrins; originally called very late activation antigens) that bind to distinct determinants on fibronectin (FN) are increased on activated immune or memory T cells. VLA-4 binds to the peptide sequence Gly-Pro-Glu-Ile-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ser-Thr (GPEILDVPST in single-letter code) on the alternatively spliced CS-1 form of FN, whereas ...

This study was undertaken to re-examine early and recent morphologic descriptions of gingival and periodontal inflammation based on a study of gingival biopsies and block sections of human jaws. A collection of 350 autopsy and surgically retrieved jaw sections containing multiple teeth and displaying various stages of periodontal inflammation were ...

Previous studies have indicated that in certain types of chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) functions are impaired. In view of the damage oxygen free radicals may cause to the periodontal tissues, the present study focussed on superoxide (SO) formation and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) by peripheral PMN cells in ...

Microbial factors involved in the genesis of periodontitis are related with supragingival (coronal) and subgingival plaque. The microorganisms in the supragingival plaque reach the gingival sulcus, and are influenced by ecological determinants in this zone which condition the establishment of adherent plaque. This plaque may subsequently form the substrate for ...

The effects of immunization in modulating the pathogenesis of Bacteroides (Porphyromonas) gingivalis infection in a murine model system were examined. BALB/c mice were immunized by intraperitoneal injection with B. gingivalis ATCC 53977 (one injection per week for 3 weeks), or with a lithium diiodosalicylate (LIS) extract (one injection per week ...

Cytokeratins represent specific markers of certain pathways of epithelial differentiation. The purpose of this study was to describe the alterations of cytokeratin pattern and topographical distribution of individual cytokeratins in inflamed gingiva. Five healthy and 15 inflammatory samples of human gingiva were studied. From each biopsy, cryostat sections allowed histological ...

One-hundred twenty root canals of dog teeth were cleaned, shaped, and obturated with gutta-percha and sealers using a lateral condensation technique. The sealers used were Sealapex, CRCS, and zinc oxide-eugenol. The animals were killed after 30 or 180 days and the specimens were examined histologically. Sealapex and CRCS caused a ...

Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were assessed in 21 patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), and in an equal number of control subjects. The cell-mediated immunity, assessed by enumeration of total rosette forming cells [TRFC] and high affinity rosette forming cells [HARFC], was found to be depressed in LJP patients ...

Understanding of wound healing mechanisms is important in designing preventive and therapeutic approaches to inflammatory periodontal diseases, which are a major cause of dental morbidity. In this study, cell proliferation was assessed after an experimental gingival wound; this was preceded by either resection of 3 mm of the inferior alveolar ...

A 41-year-old woman with localized lipodystrophy histologically showed lymphohistiocytic inflammation within adipose tissue at the periphery and loss of adipose tissue in the center of the lesion. Ultrastructurally, various degrees of lipophagocytosis by macrophages and giant cells were seen, starting with the projection of cytoplasmic processes into the fat droplet ...

Although the chemotaxis and efflux of functionally normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) into the periodontal sulcus may have a protective role in periodontitis, these cells are also associated with periodontal tissue destruction. The immunomodulating agent, levamisole hydrochloride, is known to enhance PMN chemotaxis. The present study was designed to evaluate the ...

A. actinomycetemcomitans is a facultative Gram-negative coccobacillus which has been implicated in the etiology and pathogenesis of localized juvenile periodontitis and has also been recognized for its potential to cause serious extraoral infections, particularly endocarditis. The polymorphonuclear neutrophil has been suggested to play a key role in host resistance to ...

The purpose of the present investigation was to study stereologically the histopathologic changes in the gingiva during 6 months of abolished oral hygiene and to study the development of chronic gingivitis in man. After a thorough prophylaxis procedure, 5 dental students performed optimal oral hygiene under supervision for a period ...

This paper reports the activity associated with capsule-derived material and lipopolysaccharide extracted from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans on connective tissue cells. The ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate inflammatory and destructive processes in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease was compared to that of capsular material (CM). The biological activities investigated were cytotoxicity ...

In a child with Down's syndrome (DS) and her sibling, host immune responses were evaluated under experimental gingivitis conditions. The children live in the same environment under identical conditions. In the DS child an earlier and more extensive gingival inflammation than in her sibling had been observed. Investigation of nonspecific ...

Recent data from our laboratory, as well as supporting evidence from other investigators, strongly suggest that the PMN 15-LO exists in a cryptic state. Several stimuli, including HETEs, can convert the inactive 15-LO to an active species that can metabolize AA to a variety of products. Many of these metabolites ...

Common recognized variability in the familial peripheral neuropathy, type I Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT I), led to an examination of cell-mediated immune responses in 23 CMT I patients. Increased numbers of activated T cells were found in the peripheral blood of 14 (61%) patients using fluorescent monoclonal Ta1 antibody as quantitated ...

Despite significant progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis and etiology of periodontal diseases, the nature and contribution of the immune system to this disorder remains unclear. Several studies provide evidence for either a protective or destructive rôle. These conflicting findings are difficult to reconcile, since most interpretations tend to ...

Cyclosporin-A (CsA)-induced gingival enlargement has been reported in a small number of cases but may involve up to one third of all patients taking CsA. The present study reports a case of CsA-induced gingival enlargement during suppressive therapy for myasthenia gravis. Gingival tissues were examined histologically, histochemically, and immunohistologically. The ...

Biodegradable microcapsules have been shown to be capable of delivering a sustained release of various medicinal agents. We have observed an initial minimal, sharply localized, acute inflammatory response to intramuscularly injected microcapsules produced from various polymers. Evaluation of later time points has shown a diminishing macrophage, foreign body giant cell, ...

This is a review of the interactions between cells and their extracellular matrices and polypeptide growth factors. The review not only attempts to provide a basic understanding of the functions of extracellular matrices and polypeptide growth factors but, in addition, suggests the role these biological molecules may play in periodontal ...

The host immune response to dental plaque products leads to altered levels of activity by several types of cells involved in host defence. Cells of the periodontium which contribute to the supporting tissues of the teeth may be directly damaged by cellular attack, or their activity may be modulated by ...

Much of the connective tissue degradation that takes place in periodontal diseases is mediated by proteolytic enzymes. Previous studies have focused on the action of proteinases released by invading polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages, and bacterial enzymes. In view of recent work establishing that resident connective tissue cells can be induced ...

Minor salivary gland biopsies are important in confirming the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and in understanding its pathogenesis. Biopsies should be obtained through clinically intact mucosa and contain at least 4 evaluable lobules. Immunohistologic studies using monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that the majority of infiltrating lymphocytes are T cells (CD3+) ...

For more than 20 years, investigators have unanimously agreed that human periodontitis is caused by bacterial colonization of the surfaces of the teeth and their extension apically. Recently, several investigators have demonstrated that most, if not all, individuals manifesting the early-onset, aggressive forms of periodontitis have abnormalities in their peripheral ...

The current knowledge on the cellular, host-response features in juvenile periodontitis (JP) has been reviewed. The chemotaxis of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), known to be defective in JP, is modulated by serum factors and bacteria. The interactions of the putative etiologic pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) and the enzyme lysozyme with ...

This study was undertaken in order to: evaluate the cell population in carrageenan-induced inflammation and investigate the extent to which this inflammation modified mitotic activity, and keratinization of the sulcular epithelium induced by daily prophylaxes in monkeys. Normal-keratinized oral gingival epithelium was also evaluated for these processes in the same ...

The cell population present during dextran-induced inflammation and its effect upon induced keratinization of the sulcular epithelium was investigated in two young adult male Rhesus monkeys. Keratinization of the sulcus epithelium was induced by a combined regimen of scaling, an intravenous injection of achromycin and daily rubber cup prophylaxes. After ...

Great progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, the primary role of bacteria as etiologic agents, and the critical modifying role of host responses. It is useful to consider several stages in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease - (a) colonization, (b) invasion, (c) destruction, ...

Tissue samples from 2 humans suffering from severe periodontitis were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Confirming earlier observations in gnotobiotic rats, bacteria were found in various regions of gingival tissues. We observed bacteria invading the pocket epithelium, the underlying connective tissue, and microorganisms were also present deep in the connective ...

Auranofin's (AF) physical, chemical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic properties differ from those of gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM). AF is lipid soluble, monomeric, nonconductive and is not a potent sulfhydryl reagent. In further contrast to GSTM, AF gold is orally absorbed, exhibits protracted blood levels, is bound to cellular elements of the ...

The levels of cAMP were measured by means of radioimmunoassay in 20 gingival samples free from inflammatory cells and 43 samples with moderately dense and dense aggregations of inflammatory cells. The average values were found to be 340 +/- 44 and 552 +/- 59 pmol/gm wet tissue, respectively. The increase ...

The addition of salts of the rare earth elements (lanthanides) enhances by a factor of two or more the initial activity of human fibroblast, leukocyte and immune interferons as well as mouse L-cell interferon. Furthermore, the salts of the lanthanides (0.01 to 0.002 M) preserve the activity of human fibroblast ...

A review of current information was undertaken examining suggested roles for bacterial endotoxin in periodontal disease. Evidence for the presence of endotoxin in plaque, gingival crevicular fluid and periodontally involved cementum is discussed. The biological effects of endotoxin are numerous, and its abilities to induce tissue inflammation, resorb rat foetal ...