Prior investigations suggest that women living with HIV (WLWH) experience higher rates of anxiety compared to the general population. This study investigates correlates of anxiety among 361 WLWH of reproductive age in Ontario, Canada who completed a series of self-reported measures. Anxiety was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression ...

There has been speculation that chronic HIV infection is a condition of accelerated aging that may lead to early onset of disease in multiple organ systems. The neuromuscular disorders of HIV, in particular distal symmetric polyneuropathy and myopathies, are also seen in the general population among older patients. As the ...

HIV-infected patients are living longer as a result of potent antiretroviral therapy. Immuno-inflammatory phenomena implicated in the normal aging process, including immune senescence, depreciation of the adaptive immune system, and heightened systemic inflammation are also pathophysiologic sequelae of HIV infection, suggesting HIV infection can potentiate the biological mechanisms of aging. ...

Background. Effective therapies and reduced AIDS-related morbidity and mortality have shifted the focus in pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from minimizing short-term disease progression to maintaining optimal long-term health. We describe the effects of children's age and pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) CD4 count on long-term CD4 T-cell reconstitution.Methods. CD4 counts in perinatally HIV-infected, ...

HCV core antigen (Ag) and HCV RNA levels were evaluated in matched liver biopsies and sera from 22 patients with hepatitis C infection by using the quantitative Architect HCV Ag immunoassay and a real-time RT-qPCR assay, respectively. The data showed a strong correlation between liver and serum compartments of HCV ...

With individuals either living longer with the disease or contracting it at a later stage in life, HIV/AIDS can no longer be regarded as just a young person's disease. In fact, people older than 50 will represent 50% of HIV/AIDS cases by 2015. The intersection of aging and HIV/AIDS is ...

The proportion of HIV-positive people over the age of 50 is rapidly increasing in the UK. This reflects the use of antiretroviral therapies and the transformation of HIV from life-threatening disease to chronic treatable illness. In this study a biographical narrative approach was used to explore the lived experience of ...

The QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QFT) is increasingly being used for latent tuberculosis screening in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States. This is a retrospective analysis of repeating positive QFT assays as a strategy to identify false-positive results in HIV-infected patients at low risk for ...

Age related morbidity among people living with HIV has increased as people with the virus live longer. This introduction provides an overview of all the articles which cover a spectrum of issues including particular diseases, the science of immunosenescence and the psycho-social challenges of ageing with HIV. It considers whether ...

The increased life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals due to improved treatment has revealed an unexpected increase in non-AIDS comorbidities that are typically associated with older age including cardiovascular disease, dementia and frailty. The majority of these diseases arise as the result of dysregulated systemic inflammation, and both the aged and ...

In the developed world, HIV infection is now well managed with very effective and less toxic antiretroviral treatment. HIV-positive patients therefore are living longer, but are now faced by challenges associated with aging. Several non-AIDS associated morbidities are increased in this population, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is suggested that ...

Large artery stiffening is a biological index of vascular aging. Vascular aging and atherosclerosis are two closely linked processes that develop in parallel and in synergy, sharing common aetiological determinants. Vascular stiffening increases left ventricular work and can lead to diminished coronary perfusion, and may therefore contribute to the development ...

There is limited published research on sexually transmissible infections (STI) among aging HIV populations. The available literature on sexual behaviour and STI among older people with HIV is reviewed here and contrasted with data from older individuals in the general population and from older populations at high risk of HIV. ...

The life expectancy of HIV-infected patients has increased due to the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in controlling HIV replication; thus, the population living with HIV infection is steadily aging. Liver-related morbidity and mortality has emerged as a leading problem in HIV-infected patients. Since aging, HIV infection and ...

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has irrevocably changed the nature of the HIV epidemic in developed countries. Although the use of HAART does not completely restore health in HIV-infected individuals, it has dramatically reduced morbidity and mortality. Increases in life expectancy resulting from effective long-term treatment mean ...

During 2002--2009, rates of newly diagnosed hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection increased from 65 to 113 cases per 100,000 population among persons aged 15--24 years in Massachusetts. Accordingly, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) and CDC interviewed persons aged 18--24 years with HCV infection reported to MDPH during July ...

BACKGROUND: Three cases of pediatric HIV transmission attributed to the feeding practice of premasticating food for children have been reported. The degree of risk that premastication poses for pediatric HIV transmission and the prevalence of this behavior among HIV-infected caregivers is unknown. METHODS: During December 2009-February 2010, we conducted a ...

Background  The production of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) may evolve during long-lasting virus-host interactions in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The impact of age on HBsAg production remains unclear. Aim  To determine the age-specific distribution patterns of HBsAg and related factors during the natural course of CHB infection. Methods  Seven ...

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients may have a greater risk of noninfectious comorbidities (NICMs) compared with the general population. We assessed the prevalence and risk factors for NICMs in a large cohort of HIV-infected adults and compared these findings with data from matched control subjects.Methods. We performed a case-control study involving ...

Abstract The fastest growing segment of the United States HIV population is people aged 50 and older. This heterogeneous group includes people with diverse pathways into HIV positive status in later life, including aging with the disease as well as later life-acquired infections. As people with HIV live into older ...

Sex has been reported to influence the rates of viral clearance in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients. However, little is known regarding the influence of sex on the host genetic response to HCV, which is mediated by the expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) after the activation of janus kinase ...

Background Australia has experienced rising notifications of HIV diagnoses despite widely available combination antiretroviral therapy (CART). New HIV diagnoses have also been younger than the average age of those living with HIV. We investigated the degree to which several risk factors could explain this rise in notifications and the younger ...

Loss of facial volume due to skeletal resorption and facial fat redistribution is considered a primary cause for increased skin folding and sagging associated with aging. The objective of this review is to examine how use of injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) for correction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated facial lipoatrophy ...

PURPOSE Both hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV) are causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but lifetime risk and sex difference remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the lifetime risk and sex difference of HCC among patients with chronic HBV and/or HCV. METHODS A prospective cohort of 23,820 residents ...

Hepatitis C is the predominant cause of liver disease in the HIV-positive population and the most important of the non-AIDS-related causes of death. HCV disease tends to become chronic more frequently in HIV-positive subjects, and to evolve more rapidly into cirrhosis of the liver. The rapidity of the evolution varies ...

Background. Previously, we demonstrated that measles antibody prevalence was lower at age 12 months among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than uninfected children following measles vaccination (MV) at ages 6 and 9 months. Among HIV-uninfected children, measles antibody prevalence was lower among 1- than 2-dose MV recipients. Here, we ...

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. African Americans (AAs) have the highest incidence of CRC of any American ethnic group. Survival from CRC in AAs is lower than in Caucasians, and the mean age of CRC development in AAs is younger. ...

Abstract Neonatal male circumcision (NMC) is being scaled up in Zambia and elsewhere in Southern Africa as a long-term HIV prevention strategy. We conducted 12 focus group discussions with 129 parents and grandparents in Lusaka, recruited from two sites providing free NMC services and information about NMC, to explore the ...

Abstract This study examined club drug use (i.e., cocaine, ecstasy, ketamine, gamma-hydroxybutyrate [GHB], and methamphetamine) and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in an ethnically and racially diverse sample of 166 New York City-based seropositive, club drug-using, gay and bisexual men, ages 19-61, and considered these behaviors in relation to age category ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We completed a retrospective analysis of patients with genotype 3 hepatitis C virus (HCV) undergoing therapy in four UK centres with large populations of patients from the Indian subcontinent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Notes on all patients treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin were reviewed and factors that ...

We used an established microsimulation model, quantified to a rural South African setting with a well-developed antiretroviral treatment program, to predict the impact of antiretroviral therapy on the HIV epidemic in the population aged 50+. We show that the HIV prevalence in patients aged 50+ will nearly double in the ...

Background/aims: Liver biopsy to assess fibrosis is invasive and prone to sampling error. While algorithms of serum markers to predict fibrosis stage have been described for chronic hepatitis C, these cannot be applied equally well to hepatitis B. Methods: We therefore determined 9 serum fibrosis markers, liver biochemical tests and ...

Households affected by HIV/AIDS are at an increased risk for food insecurity and malnutrition. Poor nutrition contributes to more than a third of all deaths associated with infectious diseases among children under 5 years of age in developing countries. With increased household food insecurity, and a greater disease burden associated ...

High levels of food insecurity and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection place most breastfeeding mothers in Kenya at high risk of malnutrition. We examined the role of selected socio-economic, demographic and health factors as determinants of nutritional status among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected mothers in rural Kenya and further examined the ...

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of tonapofylline. Patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment were enrolled in parallel with demographically matched healthy subjects. All study participants received a single 75-mg oral tonapofylline capsule. Thepharmacokinetic parameters for both tonapofylline and ...

Illegal blood donation in the past decade has caused human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreaks in some rural areas in China. Other HIV-associated virus infections, such as those caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), in such areas are still not well defined. In order to explore HHV8 and hepatitis C virus ...

Almost all viral pathogens utilize a cytoskeleton for their entry and intracellular transport. In HIV-1 infection, binding of the virus to blood resting CD4 T cells initiates a temporal course of cortical actin polymerization and depolymerization, a process mimicking the chemotactic response initiated from chemokine receptors. The actin depolymerization has ...

We undertook this study to identify the risk factors and prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in HIV-positive and HIV-negative diarrhea patients in the Alice rural settlement in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A total of 180 stool specimens (35 HIV-positive diarrhea, 125 HIV-negative diarrhea patients, and 20 apparently healthy ...

By 2015, it is estimated that nearly half of those living with HIV in the US will be 50 years of age and older. This dramatic change in the demographics of this clinical population represents unique challenges for patients, health care providers, and society-at-large. Fortunately, because of highly active antiretroviral ...

A subadditive effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is possible because superinfection of one virus tends to inhibit infection of the other virus. However, studies have reported inconsistent findings, and two meta-analyses of studies from various countries (1998) and China (2005) reported a supraadditive ...

By 2015, approximately half of adults with HIV in the United States will be 50 and older. The demographic changes in this population due to successful treatment represent a unique challenge, not only in assisting these individuals to cope with their illness, but also in helping them to age successfully ...

To estimate life expectancy for people with HIV undergoing treatment compared with life expectancy in the general population and to assess the impact on life expectancy of late treatment, defined as CD4 count <200 cells/mm(3) at start of antiretroviral therapy. Cohort study. Outpatient HIV clinics throughout the United Kingdom. Population ...

A high (11.8%) level of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was found among 524 Pygmies in Cameroon, whereas the extent of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the same population was low (0.6%). Phylogenetic analyses showed cocirculation of two HBV genotypes, HBV-A3 and -E. Taken together, our results suggest different ...

To evaluate the association of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. We analyzed the computerized health datasets of 56,336 residents from a community-based comprehensive screening in Tainan County in southern Taiwan. The overall prevalence rates of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and ...

To assess the values of liver stiffness (LS) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic hepatitis and to compare them with those in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic hepatitis. The study included 140 patients with HBV chronic hepatitis, and 317 patients with HCV chronic hepatitis, in which ...

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are important risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yet, there have been few studies on adherence to screening recommendations for groups at high risk for HCC. We assessed whether demographic factors or medical conditions affected screening participation among HBV/HCV ...

Background To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV infections in problem drug users (PDU) in Luxembourg. To measure the validity of self-reported test results provided by study participants as well as obtained through the national drug-monitoring system (RELIS). Methods In a cross-sectional multisite study, ...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are endemic in Africa. However, hepatitis co-infection rates among HIV-infected individuals remain controversial. The aim of this review was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV in HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa and to analyze ...

Chronic infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) lead to serious liver diseases worldwide. Co-infection with HBV and HCV is very common and is associated with increased risk of liver pathogenesis, liver cancer, and liver failure. Several 5-substituted 3'-fluoro (or chloro) (1-4, 6, 7, 17-19) and ...

Aim:  The lack of a nationwide survey on hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in Japan led us to investigate the epidemiological profiles of these infections among Japanese children. Methods:  We conducted a questionnaire survey of children (<20 years of age) infected with either HBV (n = 136) or ...