An oscillatory system called a plastic bottle oscillator is studied, in which the downflow of water and upflow of air alternate periodically in an upside-down plastic bottle containing water. It is demonstrated that a coupled two-bottle system exhibits in- and antiphase synchronization according to the nature of coupling. A simple ...

We address the general problem of detecting chemical interfaces arbitrarily oriented in space in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. Such a task is accomplished by using a beam reversal scheme, as recently demonstrated experimentally [J. Biomed. Opt.16, 086006 (2011)]. We develop a full vectorial theoretical analysis of the situation ...

Recent work employing computational fluid-particle modeling of the hepatic arteries has identified a correlation between particle release position and downstream branch distribution for direct tumor-targeting in radioembolization procedures. An experimental model has been constructed to evaluate the underlying simulation theory and determine its feasibility for future clinical use. A scaled ...

We introduce a novel configuration for broadband, time-resolved CARS spectroscopy/microscopy in which pump, Stokes and probe pulses are all derived from a single femtosecond Yb:KYW laser. The 1-MHz repetition rate of the system allows very intense CARS signals to be obtained over short acquisition times, while a delayed probe pulse ...

Thermal ablation of a tumour in the liver with Radio Frequency energy can be accomplished by using a probe inserted into the tissue under the guidance of medical imaging. The extent of ablation can be significantly affected by heat loss due to the high blood perfusion in the liver, especially ...

The influence of hepatic uptake and efflux, which includes passive diffusion and transporter-mediated component, on drug distribution volumes [steady-state volume of distribution (V(ss) ) and terminal volume of distribution (V(β) )], mean residence time (MRT), clearance, and terminal half-life is considered using a simplified physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. To account ...

We demonstrated an optical fiber delivered coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy imaging system with a polarization-based mechanism for suppression of four-wave mixing (FWM) signals in delivery fiber. Polarization maintaining fibers (PMF) were used as the delivery fiber to ensure stability of the state of polarization (SOP) of lasers. The ...

Free-air ionisation chambers are widely used at standards laboratories as primary standards for absolute measurements of air kerma in X-ray fields. The area of the diaphragm aperture of a free-air ionisation chambers is an important factor for absolute measurements because it defines the size of the X-ray beam incident on ...

The compelling need for standoff detection of hazardous gases and vapor indicators of explosives has motivated the development of a remotely pumped, high-gain air laser that produces lasing in the backward direction and can sample the air as the beam returns. We demonstrate that high gain can be achieved in ...

Additional information as to the objectives of our previous paper entitled 'ERETIC implemented in diffusion-ordered NMR as a diffusion reference' (Magn. Reson. Chem. 2008, 46, S63) is provided. The need for an optimal instrumental stability for the method proposed to be reliably applicable in view of these objectives is emphasized ...

Air refractive index fluctuation (Δn_air) is one of the largest uncertainty sources in precision interferometry systems that require a resolution of nanometer order or less. We introduce a method for the active suppression of Δn_air inside a normal air-environment chamber using a Fabry-Perot cavity and a piezoelectric volume actuator. The ...

We propose an automatic algorithm for phase labeling that relies on the intensity changes in anatomical regions due to the contrast agent propagation. The regions (specified by aorta, vena cava, liver, and kidneys) are first detected by a robust learning-based discriminative algorithm. The intensities inside each region are then used ...

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with a fiber optic probe is a powerful tool for quantitative tissue characterization and disease diagnosis. Significant systematic errors can arise in the measured reflectance spectra and thus in the derived tissue physiological and morphological parameters due to real-time instrument fluctuations. We demonstrate a novel fiber optic ...

A method for comparing pixelated density profiles (e.g. obtained from molecular dynamics or other computational techniques) with experimental X-ray reflectivity data both directly and quantitatively is described. The conditions under which such a comparison can be made quantitatively (e.g. with errors <1%) are determined theoretically by comparing calculated structure factors ...

Unstable attractors whose nearby points will almost leave the neighborhood have been observed in pulse-coupled oscillators. In this model, an oscillator fires and sends out a pulse when reaching the threshold. In terms of these firing events, we find that the unstable attractors have a simple property hidden in the ...

David Gruby (1810-1898) was an early mycologist, the most prominent between Agostino Bassi (1773-1856) who discovered the fungus on silk worms and Raymond Sabouraud (1864-1938) who wrote the first textbook in the field.

Simulation of underwater light is essential for modeling marine ecosystems. A new model of underwater light attenuation is presented and compared with previous models. In situ data collected in Monterey Bay, CA. during September 2006 are used for validation. It is demonstrated that while the new light model is computationally ...

It has been speculated that before vertebrates evolved somatic diversity-based adaptive immunity, the germline-encoded diversity of innate immunity may have been more developed. Amphioxus occupies the basal position of the chordate phylum and hence is an important reference to the evolution of vertebrate immunity. Here we report the first comprehensive ...

Graduation date: 2008

There are a myriad of options on where and how to perform thrombosis studies in mice. Models have been developed for systemic thrombosis, larger and smaller vessels of both the arterial and venous systems as well as several different microvascular beds. However, there are important differences between the models and ...

Surgical education and training have progressed through the centuries, with the most commonly used model being the apprentice model. With advances in medical knowledge and practice, the apprentice model has evolved and competing models have arisen. However, the apprentice model remains the gold standard today, but for future use, further ...

Paul E. Meehl proposed a model of the cause and pathogenesis of schizophrenia and related states in the early 1960s (Meehl, 1962), which he later revised in 1990 (Meehl, 1990). His model emphasized a genetically influenced aberration in neural transmission that could eventuate in clinical schizophrenia, nonpsychotic schizotypic states, or ...

The article briefly highlights past ideologies of Essentialism and Constructionist thought, identifying their weaknesses as arguments of exclusion. By combining corporeality and mentality, the article posits an identity model, the spherical characterization model that argues for transgender inclusion in lesbian space by deconstructing the ideology behind identity group construction. Next ...

OBJECTIVES: Treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is limited primarily to either metronidazole or vancomycin. We compared vancomycin and a novel glycolipodepsipeptide, ramoplanin, in both hamster and in vitro gut models of clindamycin-induced CDI. METHODS: We used an in vitro triple-stage chemostat model that simulates the human gut, and an ...

The matrix model as proposed by C.R. Snyder and T.R. Elliott (this issue, pp.1033-1054) is a welcome refocusing of clinical psychology for the 21st century. Yet, limitations to the model are that (a) it shifts attention to the target of interventions (i.e., "clients") and virtually ignores the function of the ...

Petrographic analysis of Formative Mexican ceramics by J. B. Stoltman et al. (see the companion piece in this issue of PNAS) refutes a recent model of Olmec "one-way" trade. In this paper, we address the model's more fundamental problems of sampling bias, anthropological implausibility, and logical non sequiturs. No bridging ...

Four models of psychopathy (frontal lobe dysfunction, response set modulation, fear dysfunction, and violence inhibition mechanism hypotheses) are reviewed from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience. Each model is considered both with respect to the psychopathy data and, more importantly, for the present purposes, with respect to the broader cognitive neuroscience ...

Early models of human cognition can be traced to nineteenth-century investigations of brain and behavior. Influential neurologists such as Wernicke, Kussmaul, and Lichtheim constructed diagrammatic models to illustrate current theories of cognition. Language was the most commonly studied cognitive function during this time; however, investigators also studied other cognitive functions, ...

A series of differing explanations of a puzzling case of psychosomatic illness introduces some reflections on a century's history of psychoanalytic interest in the mind-body problem. Freud and Janet explained the physical symptoms of hysteria using radically different models of the mind. Since then Janet's model, banished early on, has ...

This paper describes a way of including entry ramps in the Nagel-Schreckenberg traffic model. The idea is to place what are called shadow cars on a highway next to cars on entry ramps, which enables the drivers to take ramp cars into account. The model is shown to capture important ...

Over the last decade, fully distributed models have become dominant in connectionist psychological modelling, whereas the virtues of localist models have been underestimated. This target article illustrates some of the benefits of localist modelling. Localist models are characterized by the presence of localist representations rather than the absence of distributed ...

In place of the police and parens patriae powers, this article proposes three distinct justifactory models for government-sponsored deprivations of liberty. The punishment model authorizes deprivation of liberty as a sanction for blameworthy behavior. The prevention model authorizes deprivation of liberty to prevent harm, either through deterrence or restraint. The ...

Mandibular midline distraction osteogenesis is available as a treatment option for the correction of mandibular transverse arch deficiency. A model surgery technique is presented here through a case report that will allow the surgeon to predict the amount of transverse expansion that can be gained by this procedure. Utilizing measurements ...

This article presents a career ladder for the reappointment and promotion of nontenured clinical faculty, based on Boyer's model of the scholarship of teaching, application, discovery, and integration and on his four principles and six standards. Titles, lengths of appointments, criteria, obligations, and professional development are defined for four levels ...

Repeated seismic surveys of the Landers, California, fault zone that ruptured in the magnitude (M) 7.5 earthquake of 1992 reveal an increase in seismic velocity with time. P, S, and fault zone trapped waves were excited by near-surface explosions in two locations in 1994 and 1996, and were recorded on ...

"This paper analyses whether the basic monocentric model of urban structure and commuting explains actual commuting in Europe, i.e. The Netherlands. As in the USA much wasteful commuting is established. The basic model has a low degree of explanatory power. In order to get more in line with actual commuting, ...

INDEPTH seismic reflection profiling shows that the decollement beneath which Indian lithosphere underthrusts the Himalaya extends at least 225 kilometers north of the Himalayan deformation front to a depth of approximately 50 kilometers. Prominent reflections appear at depths of 15 to 18 kilometers near where the decollement reflector apparently terminates. ...

An in-depth examination of Lichtheim's neurolinguistic model reveals that it fails even within its 19th century limitations. It fails in that it is neither unambiguous nor exhaustive and it is internally inconsistent. Moreover, given Lichtheim's explanations of syndromes not predicted by the model it is not even falsifiable. The paradigmatic ...

The goodnesses of fit over the entire life span of four models of mortality are compared using life tables from Australia and the United States. The results indicate that the five-parameter Siler model fits considerably better than the more complex eight-parameter Heligman-Pollard and Mode-Busby models. On the other hand, the ...

Several models have been described in the literature to explain the similarity of interaction of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists with the binding site of the receptor. Besides the superposition of the nitrogen atoms of adenosine and xanthine (the "standard" model), two other models have been described: one in which ...

Selection due to differential viability is studied in an n-locus two-allele model using a set indexation that allows the simplicity of the one-locus two-allele model to be carried to multi-locus models. The existence condition is analyzed for polymorphic equilibria with linkage equilibrium: Robbins' equilibria. The local stability condition is given ...

Abnormal thromboscintigrams were observed in patients with lymphatic obstruction. This syndrome was reproduced by surgically ligating the lymphatic drainage of the lower extremity of a dog prior to thromboscintigraphy.

Explicit density-dependence differs from density-vagueness in the sort of regulation imposed on populations. Explicit density-dependence implies regulation toward a central equilibrium point, whereas density-vagueness implies population change away from the two extremes of extinction and immense densities. Density-vagueness does not much concern regulation within the broad range of medial densities; ...

The author attempts to build a general equilibrium model with migration possibilities on the lines of the Harris-Todaro model in which all the agents have explicit maximizing behavior. "Assumptions on wage-price rigidities allow consideration of various supply-demand configurations. One of the most interesting results is that policy recommendations derived from ...

Klein (1983) has proposed a nonhierarchical logogen model to account for response timing and error data from a rapid finger-tapping task reported by Rosenbaum, Kenny, and Derr (1983). On grounds of parsimony, Klein's model cannot be easily distinguished from the hierarchical model proposed by Rosenbaum et al. However, the two ...

A group of transsexual and homosexual men was examined using the Leary Test as a psycho-sociogram, and findings were compared to those from a group of heterosexual men. It was found that the fathers of homosexuals and transsexuals were more hostile and less dominant than the fathers of the control ...

Three features appear to characterize steady-state light adaptation in vertebrate cone photoreceptors: (a) the shape of the "log intensity-response" curve at different levels of adaptation is the same, the only change with adaptation is in the position of the point on the curve about which the cones operate; (b) at ...

Efficient phase conjugation of 40-psec Nd:YAG laser pulses in Eastman Kodak mode-locking dyes A 9740 and A 9860 has been obtained. Variation of the phase-conjugate reflectivity with pump intensity is quadratic, without saturation effects, and variation with dye concentration agrees with a simple analytical model. We have used this reflectivity ...

To solve the problem of minimalization of the control (tuning) signals to the spinal generator organizing the locomotor pattern of limb movements a model of neuronal net, forming a part of spinal generator which coordinates limb movements was designed. The model net was constructed of analog inhibitory neurons. The model ...

The term inhibition has played an important role in the theoretical discussions on brain function since Sherrington and Pavlov. The interpretation of the term was a major issue in Konorski's monograph of 1948, and a main point of difference between his views and those of Pavlov. In his 1967 monograph ...