Potentiometric sensors were used to study molecular interactions in liquid environments, with sensorgram methodology. This is demonstrated with a lipophilic rubber-, and with a collagen based hydrogel sensor coating. The investigated molecules were promazine and tartaric acid respectively. The sensors were placed in a hydrodynamic wall jet system for the ...

The trehalase activity plays an important role in extraction of trehalose from beer yeast. In this study, the effect of pulsed electric field processing on neutral trehalase activity in beer yeast was investigated. In order to develop and optimize a pulsed electric field (PEF) mathematical model for activating the neutral ...

We analyse the operation of the Ca(2+)-ATPase ion pump using a kinetic cycle diagram. Using the methodology of Hill, we obtain the cycle fluxes, entropy production and efficiency of the pump. We compare these results with a mesoscopic non-equilibrium description of the pump and show that the kinetic and mesoscopic ...

Objectives: In designing a local exhaust ventilation (LEV) system, the exhaust airflow rate which will produce the required control velocity at the capture point must be predicted properly. Conventionally, the airflow requirements for LEV hoods have been calculated using Dalla Valle's equation. Although Dalla Valle's equation is a simple and ...

Langmuir cavitons have been artificially produced in Earth's ionosphere, but evidence of naturally occurring cavitation has been elusive. By measuring and modeling the spectra of electrostatic plasma modes, we show that natural cavitating, or strong, Langmuir turbulence does occur in the ionosphere, via a process in which a beam of ...

The rate constant for the overall reaction OH + 1-Butanol -> Products was determined in the temperature range 900 to 1200 K from measurements of OH concentration time-histories in reflected shock wave experiments of tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as a fast source of OH radicals with 1-butanol in excess. Narrow-linewidth laser absorption ...

Porous media are often used in flame arresters because of the high surface area to volume ratio that is required for flame quenching. However, if the flame is not quenched, the flow obstruction within the porous media can promote explosion escalation, which is a well-known phenomenon in obstacle-laden channels. There ...

A long tube with elastic walls containing water is immersed in the sea aligned in the direction of wave travel. The waves generate bulges that propagate at a speed determined by the distensibility of the tube. If the bulge speed is close to the phase velocity of the waves, there ...

In this paper, we describe an electric-field assisted gel transferring (EFAGT) technique for patterning on two and three-dimensional (3D) media. The transferring process starts with the preparation of a block of agarose gel doped with charged nanoparticles or molecules on top of a screen mask with desired patterns. This gel/mask ...

Many optical instruments with dielectric singularities cannot be manufactured directly. Their singularities can be transmuted through optical transformation, and equivalent physical media can be built to perform the same optical behaviors. The transformed physical media are usually anisotropic and inhomogeneous and, therefore, difficult to fabricate. In this work, several mathematical ...

One-end-sealed single-crystal sapphire tubes are presented as a simple, robust, and economical alternative for bulky lightpipe probes. Thermal radiation from a blackbody cavity created at the inner surface of the sealed end is gathered by a simple lens-based collecting system and transmitted via optical fiber to the remote detection unit. ...

We investigated theoretically the interference of two counterpropagating polarized light beams in optically anisotropic media whose optical axis is in the film plane and is gradually rotated around the thickness direction. Results indicated that pure polarization modulation without intensity variation is obtained in the inhomogeneous media when the total angle ...

The scattering of the polychromatic plane light wave incident upon rotational quasi-homogeneous anisotropic media is investigated. It is different from the light wave scattered by quasi-homogeneous isotropic medium in that the spectral shift can be produced by the rotation of the anisotropic medium. We derive the analytical formula for the ...

We report on the efficient operation of a high-power erbium-doped polycrystalline Er:YAG ceramic laser at 1617 nm resonantly pumped by a high-power 1532 nm Er,Yb fiber laser. Lasing characteristics of Er:YAG ceramics with different Er³⁺ concentrations are evaluated and compared. With an output coupler of 15% transmission and 0.5 at. % Er³⁺-doped ...

We investigate metamaterials based on arrays of rolled-up gold/(In)GaAs microrolls. By finite-integration-technique simulations we show that these arrays interact resonantly with the magnetic component of an electromagnetic field and exhibit a negative effective permeability at terahertz frequencies. We find a strong dependence of the resonance frequency on small variations in ...

Universal relationships between the medium excitability and the angular velocity and the core radius of rigidly rotating spiral waves in excitable media are derived for situations where the wave front is a trigger wave and the wave back is a phase wave. Two universal limits restricting the region of existence ...

We have devised a method, based on a parametric array concept, to create a low-frequency (300-500kHz) collimated ultrasound beam in fluids highly attenuating to sound. This collimated beam serves as the basis for designing an ultrasound visualization system that can be used in the oil exploration industry for down-hole imaging ...

Pulse wave evaluation is an effective method for arteriosclerosis screening. In a previous study, we verified that pulse waveforms change markedly due to arterial stiffness. However, a pulse wave consists of two components, the incident wave and multireflected waves. Clarification of the complicated propagation of these waves is necessary to ...

Biased Brownian motion of point-size particles in a three-dimensional tube with varying cross-section is investigated. In the fashion of our recent work, Martens et al. [Phys. Rev. E 83, 051135 (2011)] we employ an asymptotic analysis to the stationary probability density in a geometric parameter of the tube geometry. We ...

In X-ray section topography of Si 220 diffraction in a multiple Bragg-Laue mode, a moiré pattern is observed when the incident beam is divided into two parts by inserting a platinum wire in the middle of the beam. The moiré pattern can be explained by the summation of two interference ...

We find self-accelerating beams in highly nonlocal nonlinear optical media, and show that their propagation dynamics is strongly affected by boundary conditions. Specifically for the thermal optical nonlinearity, the boundary conditions have a strong impact on the beam trajectory: they can increase the acceleration during propagation, or even cause beam ...

The objective of this study was to create a microfluidic model of complex porous media for studying single and multiphase flows. Most experimental porous media models consist of periodic geometries that lend themselves to comparison with well-developed theoretical predictions. However, many real porous media such as geological formations and biological ...

We show that, under certain conditions, a negative Goos-Hänchen shift-a longitudinal displacement of a totally internally reflected wave packet-occurs in periodic media such as waveguide arrays.

The numerically exact superposition T-matrix method is used to compute, for the first time to our knowledge, electromagnetic scattering by finite spherical volumes composed of polydisperse mixtures of spherical particles with different size parameters or different refractive indices. The backscattering patterns calculated in the far-field zone of the polydisperse multiparticle ...

Impact experiments in granular media are usually performed with solid projectiles that do not fragment at all. Contrastingly, we study here the morphology produced by the impact of spherical granular projectiles whose structure is utterly lost after collision. Simple and complex craters are observed, depending on the packing fraction of ...

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is one of the simplest and widely used techniques for the non-invasive study of biological tissues but no exact analytical solution exists for the problem of diffuse reflectance from turbid media such as biological tissues. In this work, a general treatment of the problem of diffuse reflectance ...

We simulate transport of a solute through three-dimensional images of different rock samples, with resolutions of a few microns, representing geological media of increasing pore-scale complexity: a sandpack, a Berea sandstone, and a Portland limestone. We predict the propagators (concentration as a function of distance) measured on similar cores in ...

We investigate the phenomenon of actuation of relative linear motion in double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) resulting from a temperature gradient. Molecular dynamics simulations of DWNTs with short outer tube reveal that the outer tube is driven towards the cold end of the long inner tube. It is also found that ...

Plasmonic nanostructures enable the generation of large electromagnetic fields confined to small volumes, potentially providing a route for the development of nanoengineered nonlinear optical media. A metal-capped hemispherical nanoparticle, also known as a nanocup, generates second harmonic light with increasing intensity as the angle between the incident fundamental beam and ...

Many mechanisms of colloid retention in porous media under unfavorable conditions have been identified from experiments or theory, such as attachment at surface heterogeneities, wedging at grain to grain contacts, retention via secondary energy minimum in zones of low flow drag, and straining in pore throats too small to pass. ...

We study the effective index of random media composed of two-layered spheres by using the energy-density coherent potential approximation method. As expected from the Ewald-Oseen extinction theorem, in the long-wavelength limit, the optical properties of a random medium composed of two-layered spheres are identical to those of a random medium ...

Motivated by various clinical applications of ultrasound contrast agents within blood vessels, the natural frequencies of two bubbles in a compliant tube are studied analytically, numerically, and experimentally. A lumped parameter model for a five degree of freedom system was developed, accounting for the compliance of the tube and coupled ...

A series of phantom experiments are conducted to demonstrate the ability of a T-matrix-based inverse algorithm for tomographic recovery of morphologic characteristics of nonspherical particles embedded in heterogeneous turbid media. Diffusely scattered light at several wavelengths along the boundary of the phantom are collected and analyzed to allow for simultaneous ...

A generalized dressing method is presented for integration of the nonlinear evolution equation of the coherent density function describing partially coherent wave propagation in a noninstantaneous Kerr media. As an example an exact, partially coherent multisource N-soliton solution is derived. It is also demonstrated how this method is applicable for ...

We investigate convection patterns of binary mixtures with a positive separation ratio in porous media. As setup, we choose the Rayleigh-Bénard system of a fluid layer heated from below. Results are obtained by a multimode Galerkin method. Using this method, we compute square and crossroll patterns, and we analyze their ...

By using the most sensitive two-point correlation functions introduced to date, we reconstruct the microstructures of two-phase random media with heretofore unattained accuracy. Such media arise in a host of contexts, including porous and composite media, ecological structures, biological media, and astrophysical structures. The aforementioned correlation functions are special cases ...

Based on experimental studies on tube formation during self-assembly of bacterial surface (S)-layers, a mechanistic model for describing the underlying basic mechanisms is proposed and the effect of process parameters on growth velocity and tube radius is investigated. The S layer is modeled as a curved sheet with discrete binding ...

The vast majority of colloid transport experiments use granular porous media with narrow size distribution to facilitate comparison with colloid filtration theory, which represents porous media with a single collector size. In this work we examine retention of colloids ranging in size from 0.21 m to 9.1 m in diameter, ...

In situ acoustic emission monitoring is shown to capture the initiation of shear bands in metallic glasses. A model picture is inferred from stick-slip flow in granular media such that the origin of acoustic emission is attributed to a mechanism of structural dilatation. By employing a quantitative approach, the critical volume ...

The scattering-phase theorem states that the values of scattering and reduced scattering coefficients of the bulk random media are proportional to the variance of the phase and the variance of the phase gradient, respectively, of the phase map of light passing through one thin slice of the medium. We report ...

Using an original pressure-imposed shear cell, we study the rheology of dense suspensions. We show that they exhibit a viscoplastic behavior similarly to granular media successfully described by a frictional rheology and fully characterized by the evolution of the friction coefficient μ and the volume fraction ϕ with a dimensionless ...

Acousto-optic imaging is a hybrid imaging technique that exploits the interaction between light and sound to image optical contrast at depth in optically turbid media with the high spatial resolution of ultrasound. Quantitative measurement of optical properties using this technique is confounded by multiple parameters that influence the detected acousto-optic ...

In spite of the fact that solutions to Maxwell's equations in stratified isotropic optical media are well known, it appears that an explicit expression of the Poynting vector flux spatial evolution inside such a medium has not been derived so far. Based on exact electromagnetic field solutions in the transfer-matrix ...

A Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity of simple design and based on a pure silica diaphragm-free hollow tube is proposed. Its operation is based on a first reflection of light at the end of the single-mode fiber that illuminates the silica rod and in a second reflection that takes place at the ...

We show that a weakly absorbing, strongly scattering (white) medium can be made very strongly absorbing at any frequency within its strong-scattering bandwidth by optimizing the input electromagnetic field. For uniform absorption, results from random matrix theory imply that the reflectivity of the medium can be suppressed by a factor ...

A theoretical analysis of noise in high-gain surface plasmon-polariton amplifiers incorporating dipolar gain media is presented. An expression for the noise figure is obtained in terms of the spontaneous emission rate into the amplified surface plasmon-polariton taking into account the different energy decay channels experienced by dipoles in close proximity ...

A microscopic theory for the effect of applied stress on the transverse topological confinement potential and slow dynamics of heavily entangled rigid rods is presented. The confining entanglement force localizing a polymer in a tube is predicted to have a finite strength. As a consequence, three regimes of terminal relaxation ...

Electrokinetic treatments such as the electrophoretic technique have been applied successfully to various soil remediation and contaminant removal situations. To further understand the fundamental features involved, the electrophoretic motion of a charged particle in porous media is investigated theoretically in this study, focusing on the boundary effect of a nearby ...

We address the properties of multivortex soliton complexes supported by multiring gain landscapes in focusing Kerr nonlinear media with strong two-photon absorption. Stable complexes incorporating two, three, or four vortices featuring opposite or identical topological charges are shown to exist. In the simplest geometries with two amplifying rings vortex twins ...

We report the design of microwave waveguide devices based on complementary media. Various kinds of waveguide devices that possess nearly 100% transmission efficiency are proposed, such as waveguide bends, splitters, connectors, and shifters. Compared with previous work on waveguide devices of low reflection and minimized distortion based on transformation optics, ...