The curse of dimensionality (COD) limits the current state-of-the-art ab initio propagation methods for non-relativistic quantum mechanics to relatively few particles. For stationary structure calculations, the coupled-cluster (CC) method overcomes the COD in the sense that the method scales polynomially with the number of particles while still being size-consistent and ...

Self-propelled systems are currently in the spotlight of the research community. We review the progress of the construction of both millimeter- and centimeter-sized self-propelled macroscopic objects. We will also discuss the various sources of energy used by these systems, such as the electromagnetic field, electric field, thermal gradient, and chemical ...

We investigated the thermal conductivity K of graphene ribbons and graphite slabs as the function of their lateral dimensions. Our theoretical model considered the anharmonic three-phonon processes to the second-order and included the angle-dependent phonon scattering from the ribbon edges. It was found that the long mean free path of ...

In retrieving particle size distribution from spectral extinction data, a critical issue is the calculation of extinction efficiency, which affects the accuracy and rapidity of the whole retrieval. The generalized eikonal approximation (GEA) method, used as an alternative to the rigorous Mie theory, is introduced for retrieval of the unparameterized ...

This study aims to rationalize the variability in the measured size of nanomaterials (NMs) by some of the most commonly applied techniques in the field of nano(eco)toxicology and environmental sciences including atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and flow-field flow fractionation (FlFFF). A validated sample preparation procedure for ...

Nanomaterials (NM) offer great technological advantages but their risks to human health are still under discussion. For toxicological testing and evaluation, information on the toxicokinetics of NM is essential as it is different from that of most other xenobiotics. This review provides an overview on the toxicokinetics of NM available ...

Field-flow fractionation (FFF) separates analytes by use of an axial channel-flow and a cross-field. Its soft separation capability makes it an ideal tool for initial fractionation of complex mixtures, but large elution volumes and high flow rates have limited its applicability without significant user handling. Recent advances in instrumentation and ...

Electron scattering algorithms in Geant4 versions 9.4 and 9.5 were benchmarked by comparing scattered distributions against previously measured values at 13 and 20 MeV, for low, intermediate, and high atomic number materials. Several scattering models were used: Versions 93 and 95 of the Urban model, with different step size limits ...

We present the results of a search for planetary companions orbiting near hot Jupiter planet candidates (Jupiter-size candidates with orbital periods near 3 d) identified in the Kepler data through its sixth quarter of science operations. Special emphasis is given to companions between the 21 interior and exterior mean-motion resonances. A ...

We apply molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structure formation of amphiphilic Janus particles in the bulk phase. The Janus particles are modeled as (soft) spheres composed of a hydrophilic and hydrophobic part. Their orientation is described by a vector representing an internal degree of freedom. Investigating energy fluctuations and ...

Recent results have demonstrated that pulsed-jet propulsion can achieve propulsive efficiency greater than that for steady jets when short, high frequency pulses are used, and the pulsed-jet advantage increases as Reynolds number decreases into the intermediate range (∼50). An important aspect of propulsive performance, however, is the vehicle configuration. The ...

The relationship between the particulate scattering coefficient (b_p) and the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM), as represented by the mass-specific scattering coefficient of particulates (bp*=b_p/SPM), depends on particle size distribution (PSD). This dependence is quantified for minerogenic particle populations in this paper through calculations of bp* for common minerals ...

The barrage of comets and asteroids that produced many young lunar basins (craters over 300 kilometres in diameter) has frequently been called the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB). Many assume the LHB ended about 3.7 to 3.8 billion years (Gyr) ago with the formation of Orientale basin. Evidence for LHB-sized blasts ...

Transmission Raman measurements of a 1 mm thick sulphur-containing disc were made at different positions as it was moved through 4 mm of aspirin (150 - 212 µm) or microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) of different size ranges (<38, 53 - 106 and 150 - 212 µm). The transmission Raman intensity of ...

Scatter-free phosphors promise to suppress the scattering loss of conventional micro-size powder phosphors in white phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs). Large micro-size cube phosphors (~100 μm) are newly designed and prepared as scatter-free phosphors, combining the two scatter-free conditions of particles based on Mie's scattering theory; the grain size or grain ...

Two-dimensional metallic broadband absorbers on a SiO₂/Ag/Si substrate were experimentally studied. The absorptivity of such structure can be increased by tailoring the ratio of disk size to the unit cell area. The metallic disk exhibits a localized surface plasmon polariton (LSPP) mode for both TE and TM polarizations. A broadband ...

Electrical transport studies across nm-thick dielectric films can be complicated, and datasets compromised, by local electrical breakdown enhanced by nm-sized features. To avoid this problem we need to know the minimal voltage that causes the enhanced electrical breakdown, a task that usually requires numerous measurements and simulation of which is ...

Highly luminescent graphitic carbon quantum dots (GQDs) are synthesized employing reverse micelles as nanoreactors. This method offers size tunability and narrow size distribution without any unpractical size separation process. Also, high quantum yields of maximum 35% at the 360 nm excitation wavelength are achieved.

The formation of a hollow cellular sphere is often one of the first steps of multicellular embryonic development. In the case of Hydra, the sphere breaks its initial symmetry to form a foot-head axis. During this process a gene, ks1, is increasingly expressed in localized cell domains whose size distribution ...

A new scheme of optical rectification (OR) of femtosecond laser pulses in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal, which generates high energy and bandwidth tunable multicycle THz pulses, is proposed and demonstrated. We show that the number of the oscillation cycles of the THz electric field and therefore bandwidth ...

Self-assembly and alignment of anisotropic colloidal particles are important processes that can be influenced by external electric fields. However, dielectric nanoparticles are generally hard to align this way because of their small size and low polarizability. In this work, we employ the coupled dipole method to show that the minimum ...

Emissions from ocean going vessels (OGVs) are a significant health concern for people near port communities. This paper reports the emission benefits for two mitigation strategies, cleaner engines and cleaner fuels, for a 2010 container vessel. In-use emissions were measured following International Organization for Standardization (ISO) protocols. The overall in-use ...

An unusual zero dimensional Ba23Ga8Sb2S38 crystallizing in the noncentrosymmetric polar space group Cmc21 was discovered by solid-state reaction of elemental mixture. The involvement of 20% 2nd building unit, SbS3 pyramid, in the structure helped to realize the disconnection of asymmetric GaS4 tetrahedra. Such a disconnection leads to the strongest powder ...

We study bi- and polydisperse mixtures of hard sphere fluids with extreme size ratios up to 100. Simulation results are compared with previously found analytical equations of state by looking at the compressibility factor, Z, and agreement is found with much better than 1% deviation in the fluid regime. A ...

We report on the practical limitations of the current state-of-the-art in micro-fabrication technology to produce the small pillar sizes that are needed to obtain high efficiency pillar array columns. For this purpose, nine channels with a different pillar diameter, ranging from 5 to 0.5μm were fabricated using state-of the-art deep-UV ...

We explored single-particle translocation through a low thickness-to-diameter aspect-ratio Si3N4 pore mimicking graphene nanopore structure by a resistive pulse method. Ionic conductance of 0.05 aspect ratio pores scales linearly with the diameter indicating predominant contribution of the access resistance to the ion transport. We find that the access resistance changes ...

We present a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) with a wide spectral range fabricated in an advanced 180 nm CMOS process. The realized SPAD achieves 20 % photon detection probability (PDP) for wavelengths ranging from 440 nm to 820 nm at an excess bias of 4 V, with 30 % PDP ...

A system of two probes is designed for terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy of sub-wavelength size objects. A twin-needle probe confines broadband THz pulses spatially by means of surface plasmon waves to a sub-wavelength spot smaller than 10 microns. The confined pulses are detected within the near-field zone of the twin-needle ...

The critical cluster is the threshold size above which a cluster will be more likely to grow than to evaporate. In field and laboratory measurements of new particle formation, the number of molecules of a given species in the critical cluster is commonly taken to be the slope of the ...

The application of conformationally dependent measures of size and polarity to characterize beyond rule-of-5 (Ro5) space for passive permeation was investigated. Specifically, radius of gyration, an alternative to MW, and 3D-PSA and the GB/SA dehydration free energy, alternatives to HBD/NO counts, were computed on models of the permeating conformations of ...

Multiangle dynamic light scattering (MDLS) can provide better results for particle size distribution (PSD) determination than single-angle dynamic light scattering. Proper analysis of MDLS data requires data from each measurement angle to be appropriately weighted according to the intensity scattered by the particles at each scattering angle. The angular weighting ...

Through a combination of a deflective phase-only diffractive spatial light modulator (SLM) and galvo scanners, an addressable multiregional and multifocal multiphoton microscope (AM-MMM) is developed. The SLM shapes an incoming mode-locked, near-infrared Ti:sapphire laser beam into multiple beamlet arrays with addressable shapes and sizes that match the regions of interest ...

We present experimental results for the collision of a single λ-DNA molecule with isolated cylindrical nanoposts whose radii range from 350 nm to 1.37 μm. The experimental apparatus was fabricated in oxidized silicon using a plasma-thinning method. The probability density for the dimensionless holdup time is described by a gamma ...

Nucleation and molecular aggregation are important processes in numerous physical and biological systems. In many applications, these processes often take place in confined spaces, involving a finite number of particles. Analogous to treatments of stochastic chemical reactions, we examine the classic problem of homogeneous nucleation and self-assembly by deriving and ...

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is thought to protect the spinal cord from physiologic loading; however, it is unclear whether this protective role extends to traumatic events in which bone fragments enter the canal at high velocity. A synthetic model of the spinal neural anatomy, with mechanical properties similar to native ...

We measure intensity statistics and identify statistical regimes and crossovers in random lasers based on nonresonant feedback. A single parameter extracted from an α-stable Levy fit is used to characterize the intensity distributions in all regimes. Measurements made over a range of scattering strengths, excitation energies, and sample sizes enable ...

In Co/CoO nanostructures, of dimensions l×3l, at small Co thickness (≈6,10  nm), a strong increase in the bias field and the associated coercive field are found as the nanostructure size is reduced from l=120  nm to l=30  nm. This property indicates that the characteristic length D_{AF} within the antiferromagnet which governs exchange-bias effects ...

Highly ordered TiO(2) nanoribbons with a width from 150 nm to several micrometres and a thickness of 60 nm were fabricated by a path-directed and maskless route. Structural analysis and mechanical properties indicate that the nanoribbons are suited for constructing array-nanodevices. The method exhibits many advantages such as designability, precise ...

The sizes of certain types of lipoprotein particles have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, there is currently no gold standard technique for the determination of this parameter. Here, we propose an analytical procedure to measure lipoprotein particles sizes using diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DOSY). ...

The statistical properties of speckles in paraxial optical systems depend on the system parameters. In particular, the speckle orientation and the lateral dependence (x and y) of the longitudinal speckle size can vary significantly. For example, the off-axis longitudinal correlation length remains equal to the on-axis size for speckles in ...

Lignocellulosic feedstocks have high energy content and have been co-digested with sewage or manure biosolids in Europe for many years. However, it is unclear whether the current U.S. anaerobic digesters are capable of co-digesting lignocellulosic feedstocks without experiencing operational problems. We evaluated co-digestion of switchgrass with sewage biosolids under laboratory ...

We thoroughly analyze the level statistics and eigenfunctions in concentric as well as nonconcentric square torus billiards. We confirm the characteristics of quantum and classical correspondence and the existence of scarred and superscarred modes in concentric square torus billiards. Furthermore, we not only verify that the transition from regular to ...

The nucleation and growth of point islands during submonolayer deposition on a one-dimensional substrate is simulated for critical island size i=0,1,2,3. The small- and large-size asymptotics for the gap-size and capture-zone distributions (CZDs) are studied. Comparisons to theoretical predictions from fragmentation equation analyses are made, along with those from the ...

Recent experiments on the propagation of light over a distance L through a random packing of spheres with a power-law distribution of radii (a so-called Lévy glass) have found that the transmission probability T∝1/L^{γ} scales superdiffusively (γ<1). The data has been interpreted in terms of a Lévy walk. We present ...

We report on the development of a high-peak-power, single-longitudinal-mode and tunable injection-seeded terahertz-wave parametric generator using MgO:LiNbO₃, which operates at room temperature. The high peak power (> 120 W) is enough to allow easy detection by commercial and calibrated pyroelectric detectors, and the spectral resolution (< 10 GHz) is the ...

Recently, an interest has developed in designing biomaterials for medical ultrasonics that can provide the acoustic activity of microbubbles, but with improved stability in vivo and a smaller size distribution for extravascular interrogation. One proposed alternative is the phase-change contrast agent. Phase-change contrast agents (PCCAs) consist of perfluorocarbons (PFCs) that are ...

Precursor solutions for the synthesis of zeolites are irradiated by means of a Nd-YAG laser. These solutions are subsequently submitted to a hydrothermal treatment and the results analyzed by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Laser irradiation promotes the formation of silica nanoparticles that nucleate into zeolite (silicalite-1), following a hydrothermal ...

We study how gluons carrying linear polarization inside an unpolarized hadron contribute to the transverse momentum distribution of Higgs bosons produced in hadronic collisions. They modify the distribution produced by unpolarized gluons in a characteristic way that could be used to determine whether the Higgs boson is a scalar or ...

Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors, or MKIDs, have proven to be a powerful cryogenic detector technology due to their sensitivity and the ease with which they can be multiplexed into large arrays. A MKID is an energy sensor based on a photon-variable superconducting inductance in a lithographed microresonator, and is capable ...

The percolation behavior of aligned rigid rods of length k (kmers) on two-dimensional square lattices has been studied by numerical simulations and finite-size scaling analysis. The kmers, containing k identical units (each one occupying a lattice site), were irreversibly deposited along one of the directions of the lattice. The process ...