As evaporation does not incur energy introduction, the droplet coffee-stain patterning approach is attractive for biochemical tests conducted in the field or in third world environments. A practical strategy uses chemically functionalized microbeads for the coffee stain deposition process. From an application perspective, it will be necessary to minimize the ...

We experimentally study the optical emission behavior of a linear array of dielectric microspheres with gain. The microspheres are randomly arranged and well-separated, and can only couple via radiative modes. We observe resolution-limited, ultra-narrowband modes in the longitudinal emission, which constitutes collective lasing from the entire array, inferred from the ...

We show that fiber-delivered, pulsed laser propulsion of glass microspheres, as observed in a recent Letter [Opt. Lett.36, 1996 (2011).], due to only radiation pressure cannot explain the measured maximum velocity of microspheres. Our considerations, based on the reported results, indicate that the main momentum transfer mechanism is due to ...

Purpose: Recent advances in the imaging of (90)Y using positron emission tomography (PET) and improved uncertainty in the branching ratio for the internal pair production component of (90)Y decay allow for a more accurate determination of the activity distribution of (90)Y microspheres within a patient. This improved activity distribution can ...

In this Letter, the fabrication and characterization of a microsphere resonator from the semiconductor germanium is demonstrated. Whispering gallery modes are excited in a 46 μm diameter germanium microsphere resonator using evanescent coupling from a tapered silica optical fiber with a waist diameter of 2 μm. Resonances with Q factors ...

The mass function of dwarf satellite galaxies that are observed around Local Group galaxies differs substantially from simulations based on cold dark matter: the simulations predict many more dwarf galaxies than are seen. The Local Group, however, may be anomalous in this regard. A massive dark satellite in an early-type ...

Multichannel transmission has the potential to improve many aspects of MRI through a new paradigm in excitation. In this study, multichannel transmission is used to address the effects that variations in B(0) homogeneity have on fat-saturation preparation through the use of the frequency, phase, and amplitude degrees of freedom afforded ...

Balanced steady-state free precession is an ultrafast sequence with high signal-to-noise efficiency, but it also generates a strong fat signal which can mask important features. One method of fat suppression is to modify the balanced steady-state free precession spectrum using multiple repetition times to create a wide stopband over the ...

We have investigated the optical resonance and near field inside and under absorptive polystyrene (PS) microspheres on Si wafers. Near field flat plane images of PS microspheres were numerically simulated. Nanostructures were prepared on Si substrates using the regular two dimensional (2D) arrays by a single pulsed laser irradiation (KrF, ...

We study thickness-shear and thickness-twist vibrations of an AT-cut quartz plate mesa resonator with stepped thickness. The equations of anisotropic elasticity are used with the omission of the small elastic constant c(56). An analytical solution is obtained using Fourier series from which the resonant frequencies, mode shapes, and energy trapping ...

For applications in high-density and high-speed optical interconnections, we propose to utilize polymer parallel optical waveguides (PPOWs) with so-called W-shaped refractive index profile in the core area. A W-shaped index profile is composed of a parabolic index distribution surrounded by a narrow index valley, followed by a cladding with a ...

A theoretical investigation of a nano-scale hybrid plasmonic waveguide with a low-index as well as high-index gain medium is presented. The present hybrid plasmonic waveguide structure consists of a Si substrate, a buffer layer, a high-index dielectric rib, a low-index cladding, a low-index nano-slot, and an inverted metal rib. Due ...

In this study, a PZT cantilever with a Si proof mass is designed and fabricated for a low frequency energy harvesting application. A mathematical model of a multi-layer composite beam was derived and applied in a parametric analysis of the piezoelectric cantilever. Finally, the dimensions of the cantilever were determined ...

In light-ion beam dose delivery with the scanning technique the spacing between adjacent spots is an important parameter during treatment planning. In order to study the effect of spot spacing on dose conformity and robustness for single field uniform dose configurations, fundamental geometrical properties of placement of Gaussian beamlets are ...

By numerical simulations, we investigate the onset of synchronization of networked phase oscillators under two different weighting schemes. In scheme-I, the link weights are correlated to the product of the degrees of the connected nodes, so this kind of networks is named as the weight-degree correlated (WDC) network. In scheme-II, ...

This paper is an initial exploration of synchronizing a frequency-weighted network of Kuramoto oscillators, where the oscillators are asymmetrically coupled with the weights depending on their corresponding native frequencies. We find that with different categories of weighted couplings influenced by the native frequency distribution of the oscillators, one observes synchronous, ...

An optical label-free biosensing platform for bacteria detection (E. coli K12 as a model system) based on nanostructured oxidized porous Silicon (PSiO2) is introduced. The biosensor is designed to directly capture the target bacteria cells on its surface with no prior sample processing (such as cell lysis). The optical reflectivity ...

Objective. To compare values from predictive equations of resting energy expenditure (REE) with indirect calorimetry (IC) in overweight and obese adults. Methods. Eighty-two participants aged 30 to 60 years old were retrospectively analyzed. The persons had a body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2). REE was estimated by IC and other five equations ...

Betweenness centrality is an essential index for analysis of complex networks. However, the calculation of betweenness centrality is quite time-consuming and the fastest known algorithm uses [Formula: see text] time and [Formula: see text] space for weighted networks, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the number of ...

Optical resonators play an ubiquitous role in modern optics. A particular class of optical resonators is constituted by spherical dielectric structures, where optical rays are total internal reflected. Due to minimal reflection losses and to potentially very low material absorption, these guided modes, known as whispering gallery modes, can confer ...

We report on recent efforts to develop predictive models for the pressure and other flow variables in the focal region of shock wave lithotripters. Baseline simulations of three representative lithotripters (electrohydraulic, electromagnetic, and piezoelectric) compare favorably with in vitro experiments (in a water bath). We proceed to model and investigate ...

Measurements of both front feet of slaughtered German Simmental cattle (17 heifers, 13 cows) were carried out to document the normal shape and size of the forelimb claws and to gain information about function and possible predisposition to disease. Only clinically normal feet were examined, and a standardised sole thickness ...

The prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic proportions, making finding effective solutions to reduce obesity a public health priority. One part of the solution could be for individuals to increase consumption of nonoilseed pulses (dry beans, peas, chickpeas, and lentils), because they have nutritional attributes thought to benefit weight control, ...

In vitro shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) research is typically performed utilizing wet coupling lithotriptors with a mesh basket model. This model does not take into account shock wave energy attenuation through tissue. Models using dry coupling lithotriptors rely on immersion chambers and face similar limitations. Ordnance gelatin (OG) displays strength ...

Quantum molecular dynamics were used to calculate the equation of state, electrical, and optical properties of liquid carbon dioxide along the Hugoniot at shock pressures up to 74 GPa. The principal Hugoniot derived from the calculated equation of state is in good agreement with experimental results. Molecular dissociation and recombination ...

Despite major successes of biophysical theories in predicting the effects of electrical shocks within the heart, recent optical mapping studies have revealed two major discrepancies between theory and experiment: 1), the presence of negative bulk polarization recorded during strong shocks; and 2), the unexpectedly small surface polarization under shock electrodes. ...

X-pinch plasmas have been actively studied in the recent years. Numerical simulation of the ramp-up of metallic vapor emissions from wire specimens shows that under impulsive Ohmic heating the wire core invariably reaches a supercritical state before explosion. The heating rate depends sensitively on the local wire resistance, leading to ...

We present results from the spectral postprocessing of a one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation of an argon-doped, warm-shell shock-ignition implosion with a detailed atomic and radiation physics model. The argon tracer is added to the deuterium filling in the core for diagnostic purposes. Spectral features in the emergent intensity distribution in the ...

The ballistic impact of a human head model protected by a Personnel Armor System Ground Troops Kevlar(®) helmet is analysed using the finite element method. The emphasis is to examine the effect of the interior cushioning system as a shock absorber in mitigating ballistic impact to the head. The simulations ...

Resolving whether static or dynamic stress triggers most aftershocks and subsequent mainshocks is essential to understand earthquake interaction and to forecast seismic hazard. Felzer and Brodsky examined the distance distribution of earthquakes occurring in the first five minutes after 2 ≤ M < 3 and 3 ≤ M < 4 mainshocks and found that their magnitude M ≥ 2 aftershocks ...

Using a recently proposed equation for the heat-flux vector that goes beyond Fourier's Law of heat conduction, we model shockwave propagation in the dense Lennard-Jones fluid. Disequilibrium among the three components of temperature, namely, the difference between the kinetic temperature in the direction of a planar shock wave and those ...

We investigate theoretically, numerically, and experimentally nonlinear optical waves in an absorbing out-of-equilibrium colloidal material at the gelification transition. At a sufficiently high optical intensity, absorption is frustrated and light propagates into the medium. The process is mediated by the formation of a matter-shock wave due to optically induced thermodiffusion ...

Effective calculus and biofilm removal is essential to treat periodontitis. Sonic and ultrasonic technologies are used in several scaler applications. This was the first feasibility study to assess the potential of a shock wave device to remove calculus and biofilms and to kill bacteria. Ten extracted teeth with visible subgingival ...

Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), conducted since 1990, now offer an unprecedented glimpse into fast astrophysical shocks in the young remnant of supernova 1987A. Comparing observations taken in 2010 with the use of the refurbished instruments on HST with data taken in 2004, just before the Space Telescope ...

Current equation of state (EOS) models for xenon show substantial differences in the Hugoniot above 100 GPa, prompting the need for an improved understanding of xenon's behavior at extreme conditions. We performed shock compression experiments on liquid xenon to determine the Hugoniot up to 840 GPa, using these results to ...

We experimentally demonstrate diffraction from a straight edge in a medium with self-focusing nonlinearity. Diffraction into the shadow region is suppressed with increasing nonlinearity, but mode coupling leads to excitations and traveling waves on the high-intensity side. Theoretically, we interpret these modulations as spatially dispersive shock waves with negative pressure.

Electrical shock has been the one effective treatment for ventricular fibrillation for several decades. With the advancement of electrical and optical mapping techniques, histology, and computer modeling, the mechanisms responsible for defibrillation are now coming to light. In this review, we discuss recent work that demonstrates the various mechanisms responsible ...

We formalize the physics of an optical heterodyne accelerometer that allows measurement of low and high velocities from material surfaces under high strain. The proposed apparatus incorporates currently common optical velocimetry techniques used in shock physics, with interferometric techniques developed to self-stabilize and passively balance interferometers in quantum cryptography. The ...

Experimental equations of state on generation of nonideal xenon plasma by intense shock wave compression was presented in the ranges of pressure of 2-16 GPa and temperature of 31-50 kK, and the xenon plasma with the nonideal coupling parameter Γ range from 0.6-2.1 was generated. The shock wave was produced ...

We present an equation for the heat-flux vector that goes beyond Fourier's Law of heat conduction, in order to model shockwave propagation in gases. Our approach is motivated by the observation of a disequilibrium among the three components of temperature, namely, the difference between the temperature component in the direction ...

We report an experimental study of the shock wave system of three continuous axisymmetric jets of pure N(2) and H(2), and of the N(2) + 2H(2) mixture, generated at p(0) = 1 bar and T(0) = 295 K through a D = 310 microm cylindrical nozzle against a background pressure ...

Low-frequency ultrasound application has been shown to greatly enhance transdermal drug delivery. Skin exposed to ultrasound is affected in a heterogeneous manner, thus mass transport through the stratum corneum occurs mainly through highly permeable localized transport regions (LTRs). Shock waves and microjets generated during inertial cavitations are responsible for the ...

The final stage of the collapse of a hemispherical cloud of bubbles close to a rigid boundary was investigated by ultra high-speed photography with up to 200 million frames/s. Our investigations reveal two types of secondary shock wave emission during cloud rebound. In the first case, the secondary shock wave ...

Circumstellar disks are an essential ingredient of the formation of low-mass stars. It is unclear, however, whether the accretion-disk paradigm can also account for the formation of stars more massive than about 10 solar masses, in which strong radiation pressure might halt mass infall. Massive stars may form by stellar ...

To develop a novel laboratory procedure for the study of shock wave-induced damage to Bacillus endospores. Bacillus atrophaeus endospores are nebulized into an aerosol, loaded into the stanford aerosol shock tube and subjected to shock waves of controlled strength. Endospores experience uniform test temperatures between 500 and 1000K and pressures ...

In this paper we report on the radiography of a shock-compressed target using laser produced proton beams. A low-density carbon foam target was shock compressed by long pulse high-energy laser beams. The shock front was transversally probed with a proton beam produced in the interaction of a high intensity laser ...

We explore the noiseless Burgers dynamics in the inviscid limit, the so-called "adhesion model" in cosmology, in a regime where (almost) all the fluid particles are embedded within pointlike massive halos. Following previous works, we focus our investigations on a "geometrical" model, where the matter evolution within the shock manifold ...

A prototype ultrasound-based probe for use in ureteroscopy was used for in vitro measurements of stone fragments in a porcine kidney. Fifteen human stones consisting of three different compositions were placed deep in the collecting system of a porcine kidney. A 2 MHz, 1.2 mm (3.6F) needle hydrophone was used ...

We study the behavior of U.S. markets both before and after U.S. Federal Open Market Commission meetings and show that the announcement of a U.S. Federal Reserve rate change causes a financial shock, where the dynamics after the announcement is described by an analog of the Omori earthquake law. We ...

Shock waves and shock-induced phase transitions are theoretically and numerically studied on the basis of the system of Euler equations with caloric and thermal equations of state for a system of hard spheres with internal degrees of freedom. First, by choosing the unperturbed state (the state before the shock wave) ...