Elevated levels of fatty acid ethyl esters have been documented in the meconium of neonates born to heavily drinking mothers. Recently, accumulation of FAEE has been documented in the hair of drinking adults. To be able to use this test in the diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, one needs ...

Cephalobellus cyclocephalae n. sp. (Oxyurida: Thelastomatidae), a parasite of larvae of Cyclocephala signaticollis (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), found in Argentina is described and illustrated. It is characterized by the cuticle striated at the anterior end in both sexes, with 15 annules, buccal cavity short and not armed, and the male with 4 ...

The hair-tourniquet syndrome involves circumferential strangulation of an appendage by a human hair or fibre and usually affects infants under the age of 2. It is an emergency condition that induces progressive oedema, ischaemia and tissue necrosis and can lead to the autoamputation of digits or other strangulated structures. Though ...

Weathering or long-term burial may cause profound morphological and histological changes in hair, which may affect the results of forensic and archaeological investigations. We therefore used ultramicroscopic techniques to assay the changes in weathering hair shafts caused by burial for up to 25 years. We found that the middle portion ...

Negative geotaxis, an automatic, reliable, stimulus-bound, orientation and movement directionally against gravitational cues, is often used for behavioral assessments of infant rodents. We summarize historical and contemporary analyses and conclude that negative geotaxis does not exist in infant rats. Infant rodents placed on inclined surfaces (ranging from 15 degrees to ...

Nevus psiloliparus is a distinct type of mesodermal nevus of the scalp characterized by absence or paucity of hair, and presence of an excessive amount of fatty tissue. It is considered a hallmark of encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis, a rare disorder comprising a variety of cutaneous, ophthalmologic, and neurologic defects. We report ...

Some aromatic solvents (e.g. toluene, p-xylene, styrene, and ethylbenzene) show, in the rat, striking ototoxicity characterized by an irreversible hearing loss, as measured by behavioural or electrophysiological methods, associated with damage to outer hair cells in the cochlea of the exposed animals. To broaden the range of aromatic solvents studied ...

The morphology of the second and third instars of Chrysomya villeneuvi Patton, a fly species of forensic importance, was presented by use of light microscopy. Both instars were of hairy appearance, bearing elongated tubercles along the abdominal and caudal segments. The anterior spiracle had 13-15 papillae. Minute dark spots were ...

As a highly valued ingredient of Chinese medicinal remedies, musk is used as a detoxification agent and for treating fever, inflammation and swelling, and pain. Muscone (3-methylcyclopentadecanone-1), an odoriferous secretion from the ventral glands of male musk deer, is believed to be the active ingredient. A small amount of muscopyridine ...

On 1 October 2001, a 4-mo-old male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawn was collected in Day County, South Dakota (USA), by South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks personnel. The fawn had sparse hair development on the ventral thorax, the lateral caudal and caudal aspects of the rear legs, ...

Zagreb indices were reformulated in terms of the edge-degrees instead of the vertex-degrees as the original Zagreb indices. Three types of Zagreb indices were considered: original, modified and variable Zagreb indices. It is found that the optimum exponent of the variable reformulated Zagreb M2 index (v = -1/2) is identical ...

The alkaloid composition of the aerial parts of two taxa of Teline maderensis was studied by capillary GLC and GLC-MS. N-Methylcytisine was the major alkaloid found in both plants. Contents of cytisine and lupanine were higher in T. maderensis var. paivae while anagyrine content was more pronounced in T. maderensis ...

We have attempted to extend a previously described rat model of focal oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) depletion, using 40 Gy X-irradiation (Chari and Blakemore [2002] Glia 37:307-313), to the adult mouse spinal cord, to examine the ability of OPCs present in adjacent normal areas to colonise areas of progenitor depletion. ...

It has been proposed that all ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in young rats are by-products of a cardiovascular response to decreased venous return, the abdominal compression reaction. To test the hypothesis, venous return was decreased in infant rats while USV and cardiovascular measures were monitored. Neither injection of the vasodilator sodium ...

RTX cytotoxins play an important role in virulence of numerous gram-negative pathogens. Unexpectedly, however, we show here that the RTX proteins of Neisseria meningitidis are dispensable for virulence in the infant rat model of infection.

Type II pneumocytes, normally responsible for surfactant production and release, are insufficiently formed and differentiated in the premature infant born before 34 weeks' gestation. Without an adequate amount of pulmonary surfactant, alveolar surface tension increases, leading to collapse and decreased lung compliance. Pulmonary surfactants are naturally occurring substances made of ...

Using the determination of thyroxine (T4) hair content, we studied 16 hypothyroid newborns diagnosed by means of our regional screening program, and five hypothyroid infants, undetected at birth, at diagnosis and after 3 months of substitutive therapy (8-10 microg/kg/day L-thyroxine in newborns; 15 microg/kg/day in infants), and 13 hyperthyroid adults. ...

Although human studies have shown that a lapse, the first violation of abstinence, often induces resumption of drug taking, or relapse, it is not known what aspect of a lapse is critical to relapse or whether this phenomenon can be studied in other species. Rats were trained to self-administer heroin ...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar and lipid profile in patients with premature grayness of hair. METHODS: This study was carried out from October 1999 and May 2000, at the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic of Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Iraq. Sixty patients ...

S-sulfokeratein is prepared through S-sulfonation after the cleavage of disulfide bonds in keratin using ditiothreitol in urea. S-sulfokeratein is composed of two fractions, matrix and microfibril components, and S-sulfokeratein from the matrix component (Bs) can regenerate disulfide bonds. In this study, the effects of Bs and partially reduced Bs on ...

Alopecia areata is a common cause of nonscarring hair loss in children and adults. In newborns and very young infants, however, it is thought to be extremely rare. In this article we describe five cases of alopecia areata in patients less than 6 months of age and briefly discuss the ...

Infants are susceptible to digital ischemia if a toe is encircled by a strand of hair on some other similar material. Infants under 6 months are particularly at risk. There is often a delay of 3-4 days before the condition is recognized. Prompt removal is necessary in order to prevent ...

In 14 cases of hidradenitis suppurativa, cytokeratin (CK) expression was studied immunohistochemically, using six antikeratin antibodies against CK1, CK10, CK14, CK16, CK17 and CK19, respectively. The draining sinus tract epithelium of hidradenitis suppurativa lesions was divided into three components: infundibular-like keratinized epithelium (type A), non-infundibular keratinized epithelium (type B), and ...

Hair analysis for the major metabolite of cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BZE) was performed in a cohort of 251 predominantly African-American newborns utilizing a modified radioimmunoassay (RIA) (Abuscreen Roche Laboratories, Nutley, N.J., USA). Maternal drug intake was confirmed by positive urine drug screen for cocaine metabolites at the time of delivery. The ...

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is common during childhood and rarely reported in infants. The four reported cases of AA in infants all exhibited circumscribed patches of alopecia that appeared at birth or shortly thereafter. OBJECTIVE: We report a case of alopecia areata universalis that developed after birth along with fingernail ...

The presence of a persistently patent arterial duct is common in premature neonates and may be associated with high morbidity. Early accurate diagnosis, assessment of the significance of the left to right shunt and prompt treatment are required to improve the outcome in this infant population.

Sex myoblast migration in C. elegans hermaphrodites is controlled by multiple guidance mechanisms. A gonad-dependent attraction functions to guide the sex myoblasts to their precise final positions flanking the gonad. In the absence of this attraction, a gonad-dependent repulsion is revealed. In addition to gonad-dependent influences, a gonad-independent mechanism propels ...

Two children with congenital hypotrichosis are described. Both presented with persistent short, fine hair since birth. Evidence is provided that the short hair observed in these patients is due to a short anagen phase of the hair cycle, with a normal rate of hair growth. Shortening of the anagen phase ...

This research is focused on prenatal and early postnatal mercury (Hg) exposure among the riverside people along the Upper Madeira river in the Amazon. Linear regression models were developed to predict the hair Hg concentration in infants. The independent variables included in the model of Group 1 (87 pairs of ...

Differentiation within the nail unit was examined using a range of antikeratin monoclonal antibodies including the recently described antibody LHTric-1, specific to the acidic hair-type keratin Ha1. Keratinocytes of the nail matrix, nail bed and the digit pulp were characterized by different patterns of keratin expression. Nail matrix was the ...

In this study we assessed the dynamic changes of 2-tridecanone in a herbivorous mite (Tetranychus urticae) on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, cv. 'Moneymaker'), a plant with methyl ketones in the tetracellular tips of the glandular trichomes (Type VI). We showed that spider mites accumulate 2-tridecanone when foraging on cultivated tomato. Thus, ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of finasteride and flutamide in the treatment of hirsutism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and with idiopathic hirsutism. DESIGN: Randomized study. PATIENTS: One hundred and ten hirsute patients were selected: 64 women with PCOS and 46 with idiopathic hirsutism. METHODS: Patients were assigned ...

We recently demonstrated that the ratio between colonic K+ absorptive and K+ secretive pathways was higher in infant than in adult rats. To test the hypothesis that hormones selectively affect these pathways during ontogeny we examined the effect of adrenergic agonists on cellular K+ uptake in distal colon from infant ...

Hair analysis is often used in forensic toxicology to study, retrospectively, chronic exposure of individuals to drugs, and consequently newborn hair may become an ideal sample to study intrauterine exposure to xenobiotics as well as to endogenous compounds. As a tool to investigate a supposed maternal thyroxine (T4) supply to ...

The levels of mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) and their correlation in human scalp hair of 29 pairs of pregnant women and their newborns living at a high-Hg and low-Se area, the Second Song-Hua-Jiang River System, have been studied by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Our results indicate that the Hg ...

Cyclooxygenase derivatives and nitric oxide (NO) may influence the pathogenesis of progressive nephropathies. We investigated the effect of nitroflurbiprofen (NOF), a NO-releasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) without gastrointestinal toxicity, in rats with 5/6 ablation (NX). The following four groups were studied: Sham, sham-operated rats; Sham + NOF, Sham receiving oral ...

Rabbit polyclonal antibody against mouse EHS laminin was used to investigate the distribution and composition of laminin in the rat first molar tooth germ. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that laminin is expressed in the inner and outer epithelia of the enamel organ and in small blood vessels in the dental papilla ...

BACKGROUND: Only limited data exist comparing differences in sensory function and responses to neural blockade in infant and adult rats. Therefore, the authors sought (1) to compare baseline thermal, proprioceptive, and postural responses in infant, adolescent, and adult rats; and (2) to compare the effects of sciatic nerve blockade on ...

Hair samples were collected from 24 infants (3-36 months) exposed and non-exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Hair was washed in dichloromethane, digested in NaOH, extracted by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the content of nicotine and cotinine. Nicotine concentration in non-exposed infants (1.3 +/- 1.7 ...

A comparative survey of trace elements in hair samples from three different regions of the world was carried out. The concentrations of the same trace elements in tissues from infants and adults from Glasgow are also presented. It was found that the Se levels in hair samples from Iceland are ...

BACKGROUND: Tracheal resection is the preferred treatment for primary tracheal tumors. Anastomotic tension can be a problem, even when various tension-relieving release maneuvers are employed. Excessive tension can cause anastomotic sutures to pull through the tracheal tissue, with resultant early tracheal anastomotic dehiscence. To test the hypothesis that interrupted horizontal ...

We thank Dr Desch for educating us on the association of a white forelock with tuberous sclerosis. McWilliam and Stephenson1 describe 4 infants with at least 1 tuft of depigmented hair who eventually received a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis. Although the site of the depigmented hair was indicated in only ...

A 23-year-old woman presented with diffuse white hair nodules, hair fragility, and the inability to grow long hair. Examination of specimens under the light microscope showed the morphologic characteristics of trichorrhexis nodosa. Results of tests revealed hypothyroidism. Treatment with a daily dose of 0.1 mg L-thyroxine sodium for six months ...

In all insects investigated hitherto the mechanoreceptive hair sensilla possess the same organization plan. There are differences in the moulting process of hemimetabolous insects. While the functions of the three enveloping cells are corresponding, the position of the moulting porus is different. In Gryllus and Periplaneta the moulting porus is ...

Although goats are ideally disbudded as infants, occasionally they are not. Goats grow horns much more rapidly than most owners realize and use these horns on other goats and, occasionally, people. Dehorning adult goats is not as easy as dehorning cattle. The techniques for tranquilizing, anesthetizing, and dehorning adult goats ...

Autopsy brains were obtained from infants dying from a variety of causes within a few days of birth in a population exposed to methylmercury in fish. Infant and maternal blood and hair samples were also obtained. The concentration of total mercury in 6 major brain regions were highly correlated with ...

We report on a large family of four generations in which individuals have congenital hypotrichosis and multiple milia disappearing by adolescence. The propositus a 30-month-old boy, has coarse, sparse hair and multiple milia on face, chest, axillae and pubic region. At 16 years, his sister has apparently normal hair and ...

Flagellated envelopes of Halobacterium salinarium cells were prepared by lysis with taurodeoxycholate. After solubilization of the envelopes with Triton X-100 at high ionic strength, flagella and round patches from which numerous flagella emerged were isolated by gel filtration chromatography. We conclude that the flagellar bundle of H. salinarium is inserted ...

To analyze interdependent transport of K and Cl, we investigated Rb (K) efflux from in vitro choroid plexus (CP) in isotonic artificial CSF (aCSF) medium containing anions or agents that alter KCl transport. Lateral ventricle CP was loaded with 86Rb for release to enable calculation of the efflux rate coefficient, ...

As methylmercury is excreted in human milk and infants are particularly susceptible to toxicity due to this compound, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible transfer of methylmercury to infants via breast-feeding. In a community with a high intake of seafood, 583 children from a birth cohort ...