AIMS: To evaluate the rate of congenital anomalies (CA) and the reasons for mortality from 22 weeks of gestation until 1 year of age in births by Type 1 diabetic mothers. METHODS: Population-based cohort study using combined data from four national health registers in Finland during 1991-1995, including 954 singleton ...

The macrosomic fetus of a diabetic woman faces increased risk for injury at the time of birth. Cesarean section offers the potential for avoiding trauma to the fetus, but can result in increased morbidity in the mother as compared to vaginal delivery. In this article, the advantages and disadvantages of ...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of glucose on measures of neonatal pain during venipuncture. A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial was carried out at the neonatal intensive care unit at the King Edward Memorial Hospital. Sixty healthy preterm infants of gestation ...

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) occurs more commonly in young women during the reproductive years. To obtain information for management of ITP in pregnancy, we performed a nationwide retrospective survey. Findings from a total of 284 pregnant women with ITP and their 286 newborn infants were available for analysis. The bleeding ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency, etiology and consequences of neonatal hypoglycemia. STUDY DESIGN: Ninety-four infants admitted to Gazi University Hospital neonatal intensive care unit for hypoglycemia (blood glucose <2.2 mmol/l 140 mg/dl]) over the past 5 years were identified and investigated with regard to cause, duration of treatment and neurological ...

BACKGROUND: Cord blood samples were collected from 1002 consecutive births at Turku University Hospital to study the prevalence and fate of type 1 diabetes-associated autoantibodies in newborn infants of unaffected mothers. METHODS: The samples were analysed for cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies (ICA), autoantibodies to the 65 kD isoform of glutamic ...

The treatment approach of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy requires a combination of diet, exercise, multiple home glucose determinations and intensive insulin regimens. During the last decade there was an increased interest in the use of oral antihyperglycemic agents (OAHAs) as an alternative to insulin in achieving good glycemic control. OAHAs ...

Biological and psychosocial risk factors in high-risk pregnancy and their relation to infant developmental outcomes were explored in a sample of 153 pregnant Israeli women who had pregestational diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, or were nondiabetic. Questionnaires on coping and resources as well as well-being and distress during the 2nd ...

The number of pregnant women receiving immunosuppressants for anti-rejection therapy or autoimmune diseases is increasing. All immunosuppressive drugs cross the placenta, raising questions about the long-term outcome of the children exposed in utero. There is no higher risk of congenital anomalies. However, an increased incidence of prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation ...

Recent case-control studies reported an increased frequency of antibodies against Coxsackie virus (CV) antigens in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and during pregnancy in mothers of diabetic offspring, suggesting a role for CV infections in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, it is not known whether ...

The aim of the study was to determine the values of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and glucose in the umbilical cord blood of macrosomic (> or = 4000 g) and control (3,000-3,500 g) infants born to healthy mothers, and to assess their possible correlation with the newborns' birth ...

OBJECTIVES: To study prevalence, risk factors, and maternal and infant outcomes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed based on 111563 pregnancies delivered between 1991 through 1997 in 39 hospitals in northern and central Alberta, Canada. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate ...

The rate of glucose turnover (R(a)) and gluconeogenesis (GNG) via pyruvate were quantified in seven full-term healthy babies between 24 and 48 h after birth and in twelve low-birth-weight infants on days 3 and 4 by use of [(13)C(6)]glucose and (2)H(2)O. The preterm babies were receiving parenteral alimentation of either ...

We studied the pattern of type 1 diabetes-associated autoantibodies during pregnancy and the transplacental transfer of these autoantibodies to the fetal circulation and searched for possible signs of prenatal induction of beta-cell autoimmunity in newborn infants. The population comprised 208 mothers and their newborn infants. Seventy-four of the mothers (36%) ...

Healthy term babies undergo a physiological nadir in serum calcium levels by 24-48 hours of age. This nadir may be related to the delayed response of parathyroid and calcitonin hormones in a newborn. This nadir may drop to hypocalcemic levels in high-risk neonates including infants of diabetic mothers, preterm infants ...

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a relatively common medical condition that was described as early as the nineteenth century. This article discusses the maternal and fetal pathophysiology and the impact of the maternal condition on the neonate. Fetal macrosomia and infant respiratory distress syndrome, cardiomyopathy, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, polycythemia, and hyperviscosity ...

In order to investigate the status of non-oliguric hyperkalemia and to evaluate glucose-insulin infusion treatment among extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants, 161 infants weighting less than 1000 gm at birth were enrolled for this study. They were divided into two groups: a hyperkalemic group and a non-hyperkalemic group. Hyperkalemia was defined here ...

AIM: To evaluate the effect of maternal diabetes on the concentrations of free and bound leptin at birth and during postnatal adaptation. METHODS: Total, bound, and free leptin concentrations and the percentage of free leptin were measured in cord plasma and plasma at 3 days of age of 13 term ...

BACKGROUND: Intensive medical care of women with diabetes has reduced their risks of bearing infants with congenital anomalies. To assess the preventive potential of preconceptional care, the data of a population-based study of cardiovascular malformations (CVM) were analyzed to determine the morphogenetic specificity of maternal diabetes risks, the morbidity and ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of energy and macronutrient intake on infant birthweight in women with gestational diabetes mellitus undergoing intensive management. DESIGN: This prospective study evaluated the impact of intensive management of gestational diabetes on maternal and fetal morbidity, and addressed the relationship between food intake and infant birthweight. ...

In this report, an unusual intracranial haemorrhage in a term male infant born to a mother with diabetes is explained on the basis of occlusion of both basal veins of Rosenthal. This diagnosis relies on anatomical location and iconographic aspect of the clots. Evidence that this vessel is occluded cannot ...

We report a male infant with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM; MIM 601410), macroglossia, hypertelorism, umbilical hernia, inguinoscrotal hernia and onychomycosis. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed 10 days after birth and resolved after 6.5 months of treatment. Genetic investigation indicated the presence of paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 6 (UPD 6). ...

The author conducted an ecological study to examine prefectural differences in ENMR and the related factors in Japan, using two new indicators; birth weight (BW) adjusted ENMR and expected ENMR by BW distribution. Correlate analysis of data from national vital statistics and some indicators of medical care services among 47 ...

OBJECTIVE: Low birth weight has been linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adult life. The fetal insulin hypothesis proposed that a genetic predisposition to insulin resistance may also influence vascular development. Therefore, impaired vascular function may be an intrinsic abnormality in low-birth weight ...

We describe a case of transient hyperinsulinism in an asphyxiated newborn infant with hypoglycemia. Although hypoglycemia in birth asphyxiated infants is generally attributed to depletion of glycogen stores, we observed severe hyperinsulinism associated with the hypoglycemia. The hypoglycemia was refractory to high glucose delivery rates (25 mg/kg/min), but responded to ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether elevated midpregnancy maternal serum lipid levels predict newborn weight at term and the risk of large for gestational age (LGA) infants in women with positive diabetic screen but normal glucose tolerance test. METHODS: Japanese gravidas who had positive diabetic screens and normal 75-g oral glucose tolerance ...

A deviation of the maternal-neonatal joint phosphoglucomutase locus 1 (PGM1) distribution from Hardy-Weinberg expectation has been reported. It was suggested that selection on PGM1 during intrauterine life might account for these deviations and that maternal and paternal PGM1 alleles might have different associations with intrauterine survival. This study considered possible ...

Neonatal thrombocytosis can result from maternal narcotic drug abuse. The case of a male infant is reported who was born to a woman with schizophrenia treated with non-narcotic psychotropic drugs during pregnancy; he developed severe prolonged thrombocytosis. The platelet count reached 1310 x 10(9)/l on day 15. This thrombocytosis persisted ...

We investigated the differences in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of normal and abnormal human placentas. Normal placentas, placentas with infant intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and placentas from mothers with diabetes mellitus (DM) were used, none of which had been treated before measurement. The tissues were divided into three ...

BACKGROUND: Infants of diabetic mothers have been characterized by macrosomia due to hyperinsulinism. A relation has been observed between circulating levels of leptin and the intrauterine growth pattern. METHODS: We studied the leptin and insulin concentrations in the cord blood of 29 newborn infants of mothers with type 1 diabetes ...

Since thiamin plays a role in glucose metabolism we wanted to know if blood thiamin influx from gravida to neonate was influenced by treatment of gravidas having gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In this study we found thiamin hypovitaminemia in 19% of the 77 pregnancies despite vitamin supplementation and treatment for ...

The elimination of maternally acquired, diabetes-associated antibodies from the peripheral circulation of infants was studied in a population of 47 mothers and their newborn infants from families in which at least 1 first degree relative had type 1 diabetes. Blood samples were taken from the placental cord; from the infant ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if ultrasound measurements of fetal abdominal circumference (AC) can be used to predict macrosomic infants. STUDY DESIGN: Using a computer database, 1,996 women at > or = 36 weeks' gestation, delivering a singleton infant and having an ultrasound examination within one week of delivery were studied. Fetal ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess what degree of maternal metabolic control in women with type 1 diabetes is associated with normal fetal growth and results in normal neonatal body proportions in a group of full-term infants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We investigated the anthropometric characteristics of 98 full-term singleton infants born to ...

AIMS: To define, in a prospective study, the risk of hypoglycaemia-defined as blood glucose concentration < 1.8 mmol/l-in term infants exposed in utero to valproate and to describe the withdrawal symptoms. METHODS: Twenty epileptic women were treated with valproate only during pregnancy and two were treated with valproate and carbamazepine. ...

Thirty one term large for gestational age (LGA) infants of non-diabetic mothers were compared with 30 appropriate for gestational age controls. Median absolute nucleated red blood cell counts, lymphocyte counts, and packed cell volumes were significantly higher in the LGA infants than the controls. It is possible that LGA babies ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether umbilical cord blood glucose correlates with subsequent hypoglycaemia after birth in infants of well-controlled diabetic mothers. METHODOLOGY: Thirty-eight term infants of well-controlled diabetic mothers were enrolled. Five mothers had pre-existing diabetes. Of the 33 gestational diabetic mothers, 16 were managed on insulin and 17 on diet. ...

OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes (GDM) is closely related to birth weight. Heavy-for-date (HFD) infants, especially those with macrosomia, cause many perinatal complications. This study was performed to examine the backgrounds of HFD infants and to determine such infants' relationship with GDM. METHOD: Eighty cases of HFD infants who were delivered from ...

Except for the hyperinsulinism associated with the infant of a diabetic mother (accounting for about 5 percent of NICU admissions annually), pancreatic disorders of the newborn are rare. Congenital anomalies (such as annular pancreas) and endocrine disorders (such as hyperinsulinism of nesidioblastosis or hyperglycemia of neonatal diabetes mellitus) present many ...

The prevalence of obesity is currently rising in developed countries, making pregravid overweight one of the most common high-risk obstetric situations. Although the designs and populations of published studies vary widely, most authors agree that pregravid overweight increases maternal and fetal morbidity. Even moderate overweight is a risk factor for ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a relationship between birthweight and interval between 1-h and 3-h glucose tolerance test (GTT) as well as other factors. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of our computerized diabetes database for the years 1992-1997. Ninety-four women with gestational diabetes fulfilled the inclusion criteria (i.e., ...

We report a case of a premature very low birth weight infant who presented shortly after birth with idiopathic central diabetes insipidus that persisted beyond the neonatal period and has been successfully managed with intranasal 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin. Although this condition is rare in neonates, early recognition, evaluation, and therapy may ...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To determine the sequence of development of islet autoantibodies and their relation to HLA genes in infants at risk for Type I diabetes followed from birth. METHODS: We followed 357 (189 male, 168 female) infants, with a first degree relative with Type I diabetes for a mean of 3 ...

The objective of this paper is to determine the frequency and outcome of asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH) in large-for-gestational-age infants (LGA) born to diabetic (DM) and nondiabetic mothers (NDM), and to establish the relationship between ASH and maternal diabetes control. A comparative study was design to assess ASH in infants ...

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that macrosomic infants of nondiabetic mothers have beta-cell hyperplasia in their pancreases. Pancreatic tissues were examined from 10 macrosomic fetuses and liveborn infants and from 10 comparison cases matched for gestational age and gender. None of the mothers had a ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether absolute nucleated red blood cell (RBC) counts are elevated in large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants of women with gestational diabetes compared with appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants of women with or without gestational diabetes. METHODS: We compared absolute nucleated RBC counts during the first 12 hours of life in three ...

The definition of hypoglycemia in the newborn infant has remained controversial because of lack of significant correlation between plasma glucose concentration, clinical symptoms, and long-term sequelae. A threshold value for plasma glucose at which clinical intervention should be considered is important because of the potential for serious neurological injury. In ...

Low birthweight is uncommon among Mexican-American infants, despite the substantial proportion of mothers who live in poverty. This apparent paradox has generated studies of factors protecting fetal growth, but may have masked other important health problems in the Mexican-American community. Obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes are common among Mexican-American ...

We describe the maternal characteristics in pregnancy with fetal macrosomia, fetal and maternal complications related to macrosomia, and the risk of impaired glucose tolerance. The study is based on a comparison of maternal and neonatal data in 956 cases of fetal macrosomia (birthweight > or =4000 g) in non-diabetic pregnancy ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the one-year developmental outcome of offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM). We prospectively evaluated 31 women with PGDM (21 with type 1 DM and 10 with type 2 DM) and 41 nondiabetic controls during pregnancy and for one year follow-up. ...