BackgroundInfantile haemangioma (IH) is the most commonly observed tumour in children. Off-label pharmacological treatment of IH with the beta-blocker propranolol induces regression of IH. Based on the fact that IH are more frequently observed in premature babies than in mature babies and the evidence that beta-blocker therapy leads to regression ...

OBJECTIVE:: Neonates are exposed to high levels of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate through numerous medical procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit. Our aim was to assess the contribution of specific medical devices to the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure of neonates. DESIGN:: Prospective. SETTING:: University hospital. PATIENTS:: We recruited 32 premature neonates, 20 ...

Few studies have examined associations of birth outcomes with toxic air pollutants (air toxics) in traffic exhaust. This study included 8,181 term low birth weight (LBW) children and 370,922 term normal-weight children born between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2006, to women residing within 5 miles (8 km) of ...

Adverse event reports submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration suggested a possible association between necrotizing enterocolitis and ingestion of a commercial feed thickener by premature infants. Review in 2011 of 22 cases with exposure revealed a distinct illness pattern.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (pp'DDE) are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic environmental pollutants with potential neurotoxic effects. Despite a growing body of studies investigating the health effects associated with these compounds, their specific effects on early neuropsychological development remain unclear. We investigated such neuropsychological effects in a ...

Previous research links both low birth weight (LBW) and relative leg length (RLL) to a similar set of adult pathologies, including type II diabetes, coronary vascular disease, and some cancers. Historically, LBW has been frequently used as a broad indicator of the quality of the intrauterine environment, while RLL has ...

In low-income countries, the use of some organochlorine pesticides is still common in order to increase food production. Monitoring the chemical exposure is an important step in risk-reducing strategies. This is the first study to report concentrations of organochlorines in breast milk of women from Bangladesh where farming is the ...

In order to describe developmental changes in human salivary peptidome, whole saliva was obtained from 98 infants followed longitudinally at 3 and 6months of age. Data on teeth eruption and diet at the age of 6months were also recorded. Salivary peptide extracts were characterised by label-free MALDI-MS. Peptides differentially expressed ...

Aims:  To ascertain the characteristics and short-term outcomes of infants born to illicit drug-using mothers in public hospitals in the state of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory during 2004. Methods:  Patients were identified retrospectively by hospital records searches using ICD-10 morbidity codes and records of local Drug ...

Neonatal exposure to intermittent hypoxia results in altered ventilatory response to subsequent hypoxia in animal models. The effect of similar exposure in human infants is unknown. Our objective was to determine the impact of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in early infancy on ventilatory response in infants. We recruited consecutive infants ...

OBJECTIVE: Labetalol is often used in severe preeclampsia (PE). Hypotension, bradycardia and hypoglycemia are feared neonatal side effects, but may also occur in (preterm) infants regardless of labetalol exposure. We analyzed the possible association between intrauterine labetalol exposure and such side effects. STUDY DESIGN: From 1 January 2003 through 31 ...

OBJECTIVE:: To examine birth outcomes in military women and men with potential exposure to documented open-air burn pits before and during pregnancy. METHODS:: Electronic data from the Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Registry and the Defense Manpower Data Center were used to examine the prevalence of birth defects ...

OBJECTIVE:Animal studies have demonstrated long-term effects of in utero glucocortcoid exposure on vascular development and glucose metabolism. We hypothesized that there would be a similar impact in humans.METHODS:One hundred and two young adults born preterm aged 23 to 28 years, with prospective data collection from birth, and 95 adults born ...

Background: Exposure to arsenic via drinking water has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and infant morbidity and mortality. Little is known, however, about effects of arsenic on child growth. Objective: To assess potential effects of early-life arsenic exposure on weight and length of children from birth to 2 years ...

Ethnic disparities in the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children have been described. We evaluated to what extent the association between ethnic background and respiratory symptoms during the first 2 years of life could be explained by the mediating effect of risk factors for respiratory morbidity. The Generation R Study is ...

CONTEXT: Despite the expanding clinical utility of antipsychotics beyond psychotic disorders to include depressive, bipolar, and anxiety disorders, reproductive safety data regarding the neurodevelopmental sequelae of fetal antipsychotic exposure are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether intrauterine antipsychotic exposure is associated with deficits in neuromotor performance and habituation in 6-month-old infants. ...

Introduction:Very early preterm infants (VPIs) are exposed to unpredictable noise in neonatal intensive care units. Their ability to perceive moderate acoustic environmental changes has not been fully investigated.Results:Physiological values of the 598 isolated sound peaks (SPs) that were 5-10 and 10-15 dB slow-response A (dBA) above background noise levels and ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess health care utilization during the first year of life among early term-born infants. STUDY DESIGN: We assessed health care utilization of 22 420 singleton term infants (37-42 weeks gestational age [GA]) without major birth defects, fetal growth restriction, or exposure to diabetes or hypertension in utero, delivered between ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Exposure to air pollutants is suggested to adversely affect fetal growth, but the evidence remains inconsistent in relation to specific outcomes and exposure windows. METHODS: Using birth records from the two major maternity hospitals in Newcastle upon Tyne in northern England between 1961 and 1992, we constructed a ...

For decades, Africa has been plagued by political and ethnic conflict, the health ramifications of which are often not investigated. A crisis occurred recently in Kenya following the 2007 presidential election. Ethnic violence ensued, targeting the incumbent President Kibaki's Kikuyu people. The violence occurred primarily in Nairobi and the Rift ...

To describe the prevalence and associations of bed- and sofa-sharing in a biethnic UK birth cohort. We surveyed 3082 participants in the Born in Bradford birth cohort study by using a telephone interview when infants were aged 2 to 4 months. We asked families about sleep surface sharing behaviors, and ...

Background. Interspecies interactions of the nasopharyngeal microbiota are likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute otitis media (AOM). Capturing the breadth of microbial interactions requires a detailed description of the microbiota during health and AOM.Methods. The nasopharyngeal microbiota of 163 infants with (n = 153) or without (n = 10) ...

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical that is routinely detected in >90% of Americans, promotes experimental asthma in mice. The association of prenatal BPA exposure and wheeze has not been evaluated in humans. Objective: To examine the relationship between prenatal BPA exposure and wheeze in early childhood. Methods: ...

We explored the ability of infants to recognize the smell of daily foods, including strawberries and tomatoes, by using a preferential-looking-technique. Experiment 1 was conducted while strawberries were in season (from March to June) in order to enhance the frequency of participant exposure to strawberries outside of the laboratory. Thirty-seven ...

Experimental animal findings suggest that early stress and glucocorticoid exposure may program the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the offspring. The extension of these findings to human development is not yet clear. A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 125 mothers and their normally developing children. Amniotic fluid ...

Abstract Chorioamnionitis represents a major risk factor for preterm birth and contributes to prematurity-associated morbidity and mortality. Comparison of studies addressing neonatal outcome after exposure to either histological or clinical chorioamnionitis is hampered by the great heterogeneity regarding study cohorts and disease definitions which were applied. Moreover, the impact of ...

Studies in a number of countries have reported associations between exposure to ambient air pollutants and adverse birth outcomes, including low birth weight, preterm birth (PTB) and, less commonly, small for gestational age (SGA). Despite their growing number, the available studies have significant limitations, e.g., incomplete control of temporal trends ...

In this review, we report our experience on early neurological and visual developments in preterm infants assessed during the neonatal period using the Dubowitz neonatal neurological assessment and a new battery for visual assessment. The assessments were performed in both very and late low-risk preterm infants and in healthy term-born ...

Adgent MA, Daniels JL, Rogan WJ, Adair L, Edwards LJ, Westreich D, Maisonet M, Marcus M. Early-life soy exposure and age at menarche. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2012; 26: 163-175. This study examines the timing of menarche in relation to infant-feeding methods, specifically addressing the potential effects of soy isoflavone ...

Objective: We examined the association of active ghrelin levels with birth weight, sex and gestational age in small (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) preterm infants.Methods: Active ghrelin levels were measured by ELISA method during the first 5 postnatal days in 38 preterm SGA infants and 32 preterm AGA ...

Event-related potentials (ERPs) have become an important tool in the quest to understand how infants process perceptual information. Identification of the activation loci of the ERP generators is a technique that provides an opportunity to explore the neural substrates that underlie auditory processing. Nevertheless, as infant brain templates from healthy, ...

Infants spend most of their indoor time at home; however, residential air quality is poorly understood. We investigated the air quality of infants' homes in the New England area of the U.S. Participants (N = 53) were parents of infants (0-6 months) who completed telephone surveys to identify potential pollutant ...

The rear-facing Infant Car Seat (ICS) is designed to meet federal requirements for transporting children less than 1 year old. Typical use includes transfer in and out of a vehicle, which is shown to be a difficult lift. Despite the frequency of this lift, manufacturers provide little guidance for users. ...

Cellular oxidative damage by endogenous and exogenous sources of free radicals and reactive oxygen species is a particular threat in infants. Antioxidant protection is normally achieved through a balance between pro-oxidants and endogenous and/or dietary antioxidants. Comprehensive research is required on optimization to achieve good antioxidant protection through infant foods, ...

How specialized is the infant brain for processing voice within our environment? Research in adults suggests that portions of the temporal lobe play an important role in differentiating vocalizations from other environmental sounds; however, very little is known about this process in infancy. Recent research in infants has revealed discrepancies ...

INTRODUCTION: Long-chain polyunsaturated (LCP) fatty acids (FA) are important during infant development. Mother-to-infant FA-transport occurs at the expense of the maternal status. Maternal and infant FA-status change rapidly after delivery. METHODS: Comparison of maternal (mRBC) and infant erythrocyte (iRBC)-FA-profiles at delivery and after 3 months exclusive breastfeeding in relation to ...

The developing infant learns about the physical and the social world by engaging with objects and with people. In the study reported here, we investigated the relationship between infants' interactions with the physical and the social world. Three-month-old infants were trained for 2 weeks and experienced either actively manipulating objects themselves ...

The mother-infant bond provides the foundation for the infant's future mental health and adaptation and depends on the provision of species-typical maternal behaviors that are supported by neuroendocrine and motivation-affective neural systems. Animal research has demonstrated that natural variations in patterns of maternal care chart discrete profiles of maternal brain-behavior ...

Several dimensions of shape, such as curvature or taper, can be regarded as extending from a singular (S) or 0 value (e.g., a straight contour with 0 curvature or parallel contours with a 0 angle of convergence) to an infinity of non-singular (NS) values (e.g., curves and non-parallel contours). As ...

Purpose: Appalachian counties have historically had elevated infant mortality rates. Changes in infant mortality disparities over time in Appalachia are not well-understood. This study explores spatial inequalities in white infant mortality rates over time in the 13 Appalachian states, comparing counties in Appalachia with non-Appalachian counties. Methods: Data are analyzed ...

We wanted to investigate the usefulness of event-related (ER) functional MRI (fMRI) for the assessment of cortical visual impairment in infants with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). FMRI data were collected from 24 infants who suffered from PVL and from 12 age-matched normal controls. Slow ER fMRI was performed using a 3.0T ...

Current US pregnancy-related physical activity recommendations do not provide specific guidance for vigorous intensity activity. We examined the associations between vigorous physical activity during pregnancy and length of gestation and birthweight. Methods: Women were recruited before 10 weeks gestation. At 13-16 weeks gestation, participants reported the type, frequency, and duration of their ...

: The aim of the study was to examine temporal association (TA) between polysomnographic cardiorespiratory (CR) events and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in premature infants with persistent CR events at >39 weeks postmenstrual age and determine whether the use of multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII)-pH probe improves sensitivity of the TA compared ...

Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (CEPS) is associated with polysplenia and heterotaxy and can cause portopulmonary hypertension. We report a 12-month-old girl who acutely died likely due to portopulmonary hypertension secondary to CEPS associated with heterotaxy and polysplenia. A retrospective radiographic review following her autopsy identified an anatomical explanation for the ...

We previously found that young infants spontaneously associate stimuli that they merely see together. Using a sensory preconditioning paradigm with 6- and 9-month-olds, we asked how long such associations remain latent before being forgotten and what exposure conditions affect their persistence. Groups were preexposed to two puppets for 1h/day for ...

The 72-item version maternal behavior Q-set (MBQS; Pederson & Moran, 1995) was used to assess maternal behaviors (N=74) during the Strange Situation Procedure. Results indicated that the MBQS scores significantly differentiated infant attachment categories and were significantly associated with a series of infants' reunion behaviors.

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasingly recognized as a cause of invasive disease in children. Orbital cellulitis typically occurs in older children, but it can occasionally affect infants and neonates. We report 2 infants with sepsis and orbital cellulitis caused by community-associated MRSA and review the relevant literature.

Background The isolated finding of an unexplained chronic subdural haematoma in an infant may suggest non-accidental head injury (NAHI). The authors report a previously undescribed cause of multifocal chronic subdural haematoma in infancy which could result in a misdiagnosis of previous NAHI. Methods Two infants, aged 3 and 4 months ...

: Mothers of multiple births face higher rates of postpartum depression, yet evidence on the marital consequences of multiple births is limited. We examined the association between twin births and parental divorce. : We used the 1980 U.S. Census to identify a large sample of mothers with and without twin ...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the extent to which a temporal increase in preterm cesarean delivery is associated with gestational age-specific changes in perinatal survival in preterm gestations. STUDY DESIGN: We utilized data on singleton births in the United States (1990 through 2004) delivered between 24-36 weeks' gestation. Associations between ...